Loading Necessary Packages

library(reshape2)
library(tidyverse)
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(dslabs)
library(ggrepel)
library(ggthemes)
library(maps)
library(scales)
library(zoo)

Setting Working Directory

setwd("/Users/cmorris/Desktop/dsreu2021/rstudiodirectory/ResearchProject")

Reading and Merging the Data

 ##Code for Cortlyn's computer (Mac)
setwd("/Users/cmorris/Desktop/dsreu2021/rstudiodirectory/ResearchProject")
persons <- read.csv(file="Persons_Involved_in_Crashes.csv")
glimpse(persons)
## Rows: 387,997
## Columns: 27
## $ key_crash                 <int> 122020, 122020, 122020, 122020, 122021, 1220…
## $ OBJECTID                  <int> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 1…
## $ City                      <chr> "ORISKANY", "ORISKANY", "RALEIGH", "KENTWOOD…
## $ DLClass                   <chr> "", "", "C", "", "C", "C", "", "", "C", "C",…
## $ DLRestrictions            <chr> "", "", "0", "", "0", "0", "", "", "0,1", "1…
## $ DLState                   <chr> "", "", "NC", "", "NC", "NC", "", "", "NC", …
## $ CDL                       <chr> "No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "N…
## $ Age                       <int> 59, 54, 34, 65, 22, 20, 15, 17, 21, 40, 19, …
## $ VehicleSeizure            <chr> "", "", "No", "", "No", "No", "", "", "No", …
## $ AlcoholSuspected          <chr> "", "", "No", "", "No", "No", "", "", "No", …
## $ AlcoholTest               <chr> "", "", "No test", "", "No test", "No test",…
## $ AlcoholResultType         <chr> "", "", "No test", "", "No test", "No test",…
## $ AirbagSwitch              <chr> "No ON-OFF switch", "No ON-OFF switch", "No …
## $ AirbagDeployed            <chr> "No Air Bag(s)", "No Air Bag(s)", "Not deplo…
## $ Ejection                  <chr> "Not ejected", "Not ejected", "Not ejected",…
## $ Gender                    <chr> "Male", "Female", "Male", "Male", "Male", "F…
## $ Race                      <chr> "White", "White", "Black", "Black", "White",…
## $ Injury                    <chr> "No injury", "No injury", "No injury", "No i…
## $ Protection                <chr> "Shoulder and lap belt", "Lap belt only", "S…
## $ Trapped                   <chr> "No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "N…
## $ PersonType                <chr> "Passenger", "Passenger", "Driver", "Passeng…
## $ VisionObstruction         <chr> "", "", "None", "", "None", "None", "", "", …
## $ ContributingCircumstance1 <chr> "", "", "No contributing circumstances indic…
## $ ContributingCircumstance2 <chr> "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "Alcohol…
## $ ContributingCircumstance3 <chr> "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", …
## $ VehicleType               <chr> "Pickup", "Pickup", "Passenger car", "Passen…
## $ crash_date                <chr> "2015/01/04 23:27:00+00", "2015/01/04 23:27:…
locations <- read.csv(file="Reported_Crash_Locations.csv")
glimpse(locations)
## Rows: 152,066
## Columns: 48
## $ X                         <dbl> -8753864, -8746306, -8746473, -8760165, -876…
## $ Y                         <dbl> 4282020, 4273095, 4280097, 4274482, 4285427,…
## $ OBJECTID                  <int> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 1…
## $ key_crash                 <int> 121838, 121840, 121843, 121848, 121850, 1218…
## $ DateOfCrash               <chr> "2015/01/01 11:42:00+00", "2015/01/01 13:07:…
## $ LocalUse                  <chr> "P15000024", "P15000038", "P15000054", "P150…
## $ LocationRelationToRoad    <chr> "On Roadway (Surface) / Off Roadway", "Outsi…
## $ LocationInNearIndicator   <chr> "In", "In", "In", "In", "In", "In", "In", "I…
## $ LocationCity              <chr> "RALEIGH", "RALEIGH", "RALEIGH", "RALEIGH", …
## $ LocationRoadNameOn        <chr> "LYNN RD", "3955 NEW BERN AVE", "WALLINGFORD…
## $ LocationRampIndicator     <chr> "No", "No", "No", "Yes", "No", "No", "No", "…
## $ LocationFeetFromRoad      <int> 5, 100, 500, 25, 50, 360, 620, 0, 10, 20, 0,…
## $ LocationMilesFromRoad     <dbl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, …
## $ LocationDirectionFromRoad <chr> "E", "N", "E", "E", "NW", "E", "SE", "", "N"…
## $ LocationAtFromIndicator   <chr> "From", "From", "From", "From", "From", "Fro…
## $ LocationRoadNameAt        <chr> "SIX FORKS RD", "NEW BERN AVE", "PENCE CT", …
## $ LocationDirectionToRoad   <chr> "E", "N", "E", "E", "NW", "E", "SE", "NW", "…
## $ LocationRoadNameTo        <chr> "SANDY FORKS RD", "BEACON VILLAGE DR", "KRES…
## $ FirstHarmfulEvent         <chr> "Ran off road - right", "Rear end, slow or s…
## $ MostHarmfulEvent          <chr> "Ran off road - right", "Rear end, slow or s…
## $ RoadClassification        <chr> "Local Street", "Public Vehicular Area", "Lo…
## $ RoadFeature               <chr> "Four-way intersection", "No Special Feature…
## $ TrafficControlType        <chr> "Stop and go signal", "No control present", …
## $ WeatherCondition1         <chr> "Clear", "Clear", "Clear", "Clear", "Clear",…
## $ WeatherCondition2         <chr> "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", …
## $ WeatherContributedToCrash <chr> "No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "N…
## $ UpdateDate                <chr> "2015/01/02 22:40:00.609+00", "2015/01/02 22…
## $ Crash_Date_Day            <int> 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,…
## $ Crash_Date_DOW            <chr> "Thursday", "Thursday", "Thursday", "Thursda…
## $ Crash_Date_DOW_Num        <int> 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,…
## $ Crash_Date_Hour           <int> 1, 3, 4, 2, 3, 1, 9, 6, 12, 1, 11, 13, 13, 1…
## $ Crash_Date_Month          <chr> "January", "January", "January", "January", …
## $ Crash_Date_Month_Num      <int> 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,…
## $ Crash_Date_Year           <int> 2015, 2015, 2015, 2015, 2015, 2015, 2015, 20…
## $ drivers                   <int> 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,…
## $ passengers                <int> 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1,…
## $ pedestrians               <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,…
## $ pedalcyclists             <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,…
## $ other_person_type         <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,…
## $ unknown_person_type       <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,…
## $ killed                    <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,…
## $ type_a_injury             <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,…
## $ type_b_injury             <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,…
## $ type_c_injury             <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,…
## $ no_injury                 <int> 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 3, 2, 1, 0, 3,…
## $ injury_unknown            <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0,…
## $ LocationLatitude          <dbl> 35.8647, 35.7997, 35.8507, 35.8098, 35.8895,…
## $ LocationLongitude         <dbl> -78.6373, -78.5694, -78.5709, -78.6939, -78.…
 crashes <- persons %>% left_join(locations, by="key_crash")

#Code for Kelly's computer (Windows)
#library(readr)
#persons <- read_csv("~/NCAT REU/Mostafa/Data/Persons_Involved_in_Crashes.csv")
#
#locations <- read_csv("~/NCAT REU/Mostafa/Data/Reported_Crash_Locations.csv")
#
#crashes <- persons %>% left_join(locations, by="key_crash")

# Code for Ayan's computer (Window)
#library(readr)
# persons <- read_csv("C:/Users/ayang/Desktop/Project FIles REU A&T/REU Research Project1/Persons_Involved_in_Crashes.csv")
# 
# locations <- read_csv("C:/Users/ayang/Desktop/Project FIles REU A&T/REU Research Project1/Reported_Crash_Locations.csv")
# 
# crashes <- persons %>% left_join(locations, by="key_crash")

Exploratory Data Analysis

Frequency of Crashes by Vehicle Type

The highest frequency of crashes occur in a passenger car. However, this is not very surprising because passenger cars are relatively common. An interesting note is that sport utility vehicles have the second highest frequency of crashes, however, sport utility vehicles are not nearly as common of a car.

crashes %>% 
  filter(VehicleType != "Unknown", VehicleType != "") %>%
  count(VehicleType) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2), 
         VehicleType = reorder(VehicleType,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=VehicleType, y=logtrans, fill=VehicleType)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) +
  coord_flip() + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.5) + 
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Vehicle Type", 
       x = "Vehicle Type", 
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by Weather Condition

The highest frequency of crashes occur when the weather conditions are clear. This is not very surprising because in North Carolina, the majority of the time the weather is clear. An interesting note is that snow still has a relatively high frequency despite it snowing minimally in North Carolina.

crashes %>% 
  filter(WeatherCondition1 != "NA") %>%
  count(WeatherCondition1) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2),
         WeatherCondition1 = reorder(WeatherCondition1,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=WeatherCondition1, y=logtrans, fill=WeatherCondition1)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) +
  coord_flip() + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.5) +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Weather Condition",
       x = "Weather Condition",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by Weather Condition and if Weather Contributed to Crash

When looking at the weather conditions for only those crashesvwhere it was believed that weather was a contribution factor in the crash, we can see that rain jumps from third most frequent to first. This is not something unexpected because heavy rain conditions make driving much harder and can cause things such as hydroplaning to happen. Clear weather is now the second most common which is slightly surprising because clear weather is not typically associated with causing car crashes but since it is the most common weather type, we can better understand this conclusion. Although the order of which weather conditions are the most frequent when looking only at the crashes where the weather contributed, there is still the same number of weather types.

crashes %>% 
  filter(WeatherCondition1 != "NA", WeatherContributedToCrash == "Yes") %>%
  count(WeatherCondition1) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2),
         WeatherCondition1 = reorder(WeatherCondition1,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=WeatherCondition1, y=logtrans, fill=WeatherCondition1)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) +
  coord_flip() + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.5) +
  labs(title = 
  "Frequency of Crashes by Weather Condition and if Weather Contributed to Crash",
       x = "Weather Condition",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by Traffic Control Type

The highest frequency of crashes occur when there is no traffic control present. Without a control present, drivers may be less confident in their actions.

crashes %>% 
  filter(TrafficControlType != "NA", TrafficControlType != "", 
         TrafficControlType != "NaN") %>%
  count(TrafficControlType) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2),
         TrafficControlType = reorder(TrafficControlType,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=TrafficControlType, y=logtrans, fill=TrafficControlType)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) +
  coord_flip() + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.5) +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Traffic Control Type",
       x = "Traffic Control Type",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of crashes by road feature

The highest frequency of crashes occur when there is no special road feature present. Without a road feature present, drivers may be less confident in their actions.

crashes %>% 
  filter(RoadFeature != "NA", RoadFeature != "", RoadFeature != "NaN") %>%
  count(RoadFeature) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2),
         RoadFeature = reorder(RoadFeature,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=RoadFeature, y=logtrans, fill=RoadFeature)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) +
  coord_flip() + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.5) +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Road Feature",
       x = "Road Feature",
       y = "Count (log10 Sclae)")

Histogram for Drivers’ Ages

We were surprised to see that the ages of drivers had such a wide range with the maximum age of a driver being 120 years old.

crashes %>%
  filter(PersonType == "Driver", Age != "NA", Age != "NaN", Age != "") %>%
  ggplot() +
  geom_histogram(aes(x=Age), binwidth = 5, col="red", fill="darkgrey") +
  labs(title="Histogram for Drivers' Ages", x="Age", y="Frequency")

Frequency of Crashes by Alcohol Result Type (including Unknown and Pending results)

crashes %>% 
  filter(AlcoholResultType != "NA", AlcoholResultType != "", 
         AlcoholResultType != "NaN", AlcoholResultType != "Contaminated sample/unusable") %>%
  count(AlcoholResultType) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2),
         AlcoholResultType = reorder(AlcoholResultType,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=AlcoholResultType, y=logtrans, fill=AlcoholResultType)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) +
  coord_flip() + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.5) +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Alcohol Result Type",
       x = "Alcohol Result Type",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by Alcohol Result Type and Crash Date DOW

crashes %>%
  filter(AlcoholResultType != "NA", AlcoholResultType != "Unknown", 
         Crash_Date_DOW != "NA", Crash_Date_DOW != "NaN", Crash_Date_DOW != "") %>%
  group_by(AlcoholResultType) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=AlcoholResultType, x=Crash_Date_DOW)) + 
  geom_bar(position="fill", stat="count") + 
  coord_flip() + 
  labs(title = "Alcohol Result Type Frequency by Crash Date DOW",
       x = "Crash Date DOW",
       y = "Percentage")

Frequency of Crashes by Alcohol Result Type (excluding Unknown and Pending results)

crashes %>% 
  filter(AlcoholResultType != "NA", AlcoholResultType != "", 
         AlcoholResultType != "NaN", AlcoholResultType != 
           "Contaminated sample/unusable", AlcoholResultType != "Pending",
         AlcoholResultType != "Unknown") %>%
  count(AlcoholResultType) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2),
         AlcoholResultType = reorder(AlcoholResultType,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=AlcoholResultType, y=logtrans, fill=AlcoholResultType)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) +
  coord_flip() + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.5) +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Alcohol Result Type",
       x = "Alcohol Result Type",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by Day of Week

crashes %>% 
  filter(Crash_Date_DOW != "NA") %>%
  mutate(Crash_Date_DOW = factor(Crash_Date_DOW, levels = c("Sunday","Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", 
                                   "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"))) %>%
  ggplot() +
  geom_bar(aes(Crash_Date_DOW, fill=Crash_Date_DOW), show.legend = FALSE) +
  geom_text(stat="count", aes(x=Crash_Date_DOW, label=..count..), vjust=-0.25) +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Day of Week",
       x = "Day of Week",
       y = "Count")

Frequency of Crashes by Month

crashes %>% 
  filter(Crash_Date_Month != "NA") %>%
  mutate(Crash_Date_Month = factor(Crash_Date_Month, 
                                   levels = c("January","February",
                                              "March", "April",
                                              "May", "June", "July",
                                              "August", "September",
                                              "October", "November",
                                              "December"))) %>%
  ggplot() +
  geom_bar(aes(Crash_Date_Month, fill=Crash_Date_Month), show.legend = FALSE) +
  geom_text(stat="count", aes(x=Crash_Date_Month, label=..count..), vjust=-0.25) +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90)) +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Month",
       x = "Month",
       y = "Count")

Frequency of Crashes by Hour

crashes %>%
  filter(Crash_Date_Hour != "NA", Crash_Date_Hour != "") %>%
  ggplot() +
  geom_bar(aes(Crash_Date_Hour)) +
  labs(title="Frequency of Crashes by Hour", x="Hour", y="Count")

Frequency of Crashes by Shift

crashes %>%
  filter(Crash_Date_Hour != "NA", Crash_Date_Hour != "") %>%
  mutate(shift = case_when(
    Crash_Date_Hour >= 6 & Crash_Date_Hour < 14 ~ "6:00 a.m. - 1:59 p.m.",
    Crash_Date_Hour >= 14 & Crash_Date_Hour < 22 ~ "2:00 p.m. - 9:59 p.m.",
    TRUE ~ "10:00 p.m. - 5:59 a.m.")) %>%
  mutate(shift = factor(shift, levels = c("6:00 a.m. - 1:59 p.m.", 
                                          "2:00 p.m. - 9:59 p.m.", 
                                          "10:00 p.m. - 5:59 a.m."))) %>%
  ggplot() +
  geom_bar(aes(x=shift, fill = shift), show.legend = F) +
  labs(title="Frequency of Crashes by Shift", x="Shift", y="Count")

Frequency of Crashes by Drivers’ v. Passengers’ Age

The range of drivers’ ages is from about 16 to 100. The range of passengers’ ages is from about 0 to 100. The range of drivers’ ages is slightly larger due to the age restrictions for getting a license.

crashes %>% 
  filter(PersonType == "Driver" | PersonType == "Passenger", Age != "", Age != "NA") %>% 
  ggplot() +
  geom_histogram(aes(x=Age), binwidth = 5, col="red", fill="darkgrey") +
  labs(x="Age", y="Frequency", title="Drivers' vs. Passengers' Age") +
  theme(legend.position = "top") +
  facet_wrap(~PersonType, dir = "v")

Frequency of Crashes by Drivers’ v. Passengers’ Gender

There are slighlty more male drivers in Wake County getting in crashes than female drivers. Additionally, there are slightly more female passengers in Wake County car crashes than male passengers.

crashes %>% 
  filter(PersonType == "Driver" | PersonType == "Passenger", 
         Gender != "NA", Gender != "Unknown") %>% 
  ggplot() +
  geom_bar(aes(x=Gender), col="red", fill="darkgrey") +
  labs(x="Gender", y="Frequency", title="Drivers' vs. Passengers' Gender") +
  theme(legend.position = "top") +
  facet_wrap(~PersonType)

Frequency of Crashes by Vehicle Seizure

About half as many vehicles were seized compared to vehicles not seized.

crashes %>% 
  filter(VehicleSeizure != "NA") %>%
  count(VehicleSeizure) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=VehicleSeizure, y=logtrans, fill=VehicleSeizure)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.2) +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Vehicle Seizure",
       x = "Vehicle Seizure",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by Airbag Deployed

The highest frequency of crashes occured where the airbags were not deployed. It is interesting to note that the second highest frequency of crashes occured where the car(s) did not have airbags to begin with. Airbags did not deploy during most crashes, therefore many accidents logged were minor.

crashes %>% 
  filter(AirbagDeployed != "NA", AirbagDeployed != "Unknown") %>%
  count(AirbagDeployed) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2), 
         AirbagDeployed = reorder(AirbagDeployed,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=AirbagDeployed, y=logtrans, fill=AirbagDeployed)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Airbag Deployed",
       x = "Airbag Deployed",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by Ejection

Most car crashes resulted in drivers and passengers not being ejected. More people were totally ejected from the vehicle than partially ejected.

crashes %>% 
  filter(Ejection != "NA", Ejection != "Unknown") %>%
  count(Ejection) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2), 
         Ejection = reorder(Ejection,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=Ejection, y=logtrans, fill=Ejection)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Ejection",
       x = "Ejection",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by Gender

About 3 more percent of people that get in crashes are men than women.

crashes %>% 
  filter(Gender != "NA", Gender != "Unknown", Gender != "") %>%
  count(Gender) %>% 
  mutate(Percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,2), 
         Gender = reorder(Gender,Percent)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=Gender, y=Percent, fill=Gender)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label= Percent),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Gender",
       x = "Gender",
       y = "Percent")

Frequency of Crashes by Race

According to census.gov…

In the United States, 76.3 % of people are White, 13.4% of people are Black or African American, 18.5% are Hispanic or Latina, 0.2 are Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 2.8% are two or more races, 5.9% are Asian, 1.3% are American Indian and Alaska Native, .

In North Carolina, 70.6 % of people are White, 22.2% of people are Black or African American, 9.8% are Hispanic or Latina, 0.1 are Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 2.3% are two or more races, 3.2% are Asian, and 1.6% are American Indian and Alaska Native.

In Wake County, North Carolina, 67.9 % of people are White, 21.0% of people are Black or African American, 10.4% are Hispanic or Latina, 0.1% are Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 2.6% are two or more races, 7.7% are Asian, and 0.8% are American Indian and Alaska Native.

This is interesting because, despite the percentage of Black people being less than a third of the percentage of White people, the percentage of Black people in car crashes is not far behind the percentage of White people in car crashes.

crashes %>% 
  filter(Race != "NA", Race != "Unknown", Race != "") %>%
  count(Race) %>% 
  mutate(Percent = round(n/sum(n)*100,2), 
         Race = reorder(Race,Percent)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=Race, y=Percent, fill=Race)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=Percent), nudge_y = 0.05) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Race",
       x = "Race",
       y = "Percent")

Frequency of Crashes by Injury

The highest frequency of crashes did not result in any injury. Following the highest frequency, the more serious the injury, the less crashes occured.

crashes %>% 
  filter(Injury != "NA", Injury != "Unknown") %>%
  count(Injury) %>% 
  mutate(Percent = round(n/sum(n)*100, digits = 2), 
         Injury = reorder(Injury,Percent)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=Injury, y=Percent, fill=Injury)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=Percent),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Injury",
       x = "Injury",
       y = "Percent")

Frequency of Injuries by Contributing Circumstance

crashes %>%
  filter(Injury != "NA", Injury != "Unknown", ContributingCircumstance1 != "NA", 
         ContributingCircumstance1 != "NaN", 
         ContributingCircumstance1 != "Unable to determine", 
         ContributingCircumstance1 != "Unknown") %>%
  group_by(Injury) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=Injury, x=ContributingCircumstance1)) + 
  geom_bar(position="fill", stat="count") + 
  coord_flip() + 
  labs(title = "Injury Frequency by Contributing Circumstance",
       x = "Contributing Circumstance",
       y = "Percentage") + 
  scale_x_discrete(labels = c("Alcohol use", 
                              "Going wrong way",
                              "Disregarded other traffic signs",
                              "Disregarded road markings",
                              "Disregarded stop sign",
                              "Disregarded traffic signals",
                              "Disregarded yield sign", 
                              "Driver distracted",
                              "Driver distracted by communication device",
                              "Driver distracted by external distraction", 
                              "Driver distracted by electronic",
                              "Driver distracted by passenger", 
                              "Drug use", 
                              "Exceeded speed limit",
                              "Exceeded safe speed", 
                              "Failed to yield", 
                              "Failure to reduce speed",
                              "Followed too closely",
                              "Improper backing",
                              "Improper lane change", 
                              "Improper or no signal",
                              "Improper parking",
                              "Improper turn",
                              "Inattention",
                              "No contributing circumstance",
                              "Operated defective equipment", 
                              "Erratic, reckless, negligent", 
                              "Other improper passing", 
                              "Other*",
                              "Overcorrected/oversteered",
                              "Passed on curve",  
                              "Passed on hill",
                              "Passed stopped school bus", 
                              "Right turn on red",
                              "Swerved or avoided",  
                              "Use of improper lane",
                              "Visibility obstructed"))

Frequency of Injuries by Person Type

Pedestrians are most likely to die, followed by pedalcyclists most likely due to lack of protection and high exposure to the environment. Driver’s are slightly less likely to be injured than passengers.

crashes %>%
  filter(Injury != "NA", Injury != "Unknown", PersonType != "NA", 
        PersonType != "NaN", PersonType != "Unknown") %>%
  group_by(Injury) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=Injury, x=PersonType)) + 
  geom_bar(position="fill", stat="count") + 
  coord_flip() + 
  labs(title = "Injury Frequency by Person Type",
       x = "Person Type",
       y = "Percentage")

Frequency of Injury by Ejection

Total ejection leads to the most deaths and injuries, followed by partial ejection, and not being ejection leads to the least amount of injury. Ejection most likely leads to more severe injuries due to the car crash being significant enough to lead to ejection as well the injuries that occur from being ejected as well.

crashes %>%
  filter(Injury != "NA", Injury != "Unknown", Ejection != "NA", 
         Ejection != "NaN", Ejection != "Unknown") %>%
  group_by(Injury) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=Injury, x=Ejection)) + 
  geom_bar(position="fill", stat="count") + 
  coord_flip() + 
  labs(title = "Injury Frequency by Ejection",
       x = "Ejection",
       y = "Percentage")

Frequency of Injury by Road Feature

Driveways tend to lead to the least amount of injuries probably due to the slow speed that people are going when in driveways.

crashes %>%
  filter(Injury != "NA", Injury != "Unknown", RoadFeature != "NA", 
         RoadFeature != "NaN", RoadFeature != "") %>%
  group_by(Injury) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=Injury, x=RoadFeature)) + 
  geom_bar(position="fill", stat="count") + 
  coord_flip() + 
  labs(title = "Injury Frequency by Road Feature",
       x = "Road Feature",
       y = "Percentage")

Frequency of Injury by Road Classification

Public vehicular areas and private roads/driveways lead to the least amount of injuries. This may be because these areas are minimally trafficked and are usually at slower speeds than other roads.

crashes %>%
  filter(Injury != "NA", Injury != "Unknown", RoadClassification != "NA", 
         RoadClassification != "NaN", RoadClassification != "") %>%
  group_by(Injury) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=Injury, x=RoadClassification)) + 
  geom_bar(position="fill", stat="count") + 
  coord_flip() + 
  labs(title = "Injury Frequency by Road Classification",
       x = "Road Classification",
       y = "Percentage")

Frequency of Injury by Weather Condition

Rain and sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle leads to the most disabling type injuries.

crashes %>%
  filter(Injury != "NA", Injury != "Unknown", WeatherCondition1 != "NA", 
         WeatherCondition1 != "NaN") %>%
  group_by(Injury) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=Injury, x=WeatherCondition1)) + 
  geom_bar(position="fill", stat="count") + 
  coord_flip() + 
  labs(title = "Injury Frequency by Weather Condition",
       x = "Weather Condition",
       y = "Percentage")

Frequency of Rain and Statistical Analyses

crashes_rain = crashes %>%
  filter(WeatherCondition1 != "Unknown", 
         WeatherCondition1 != "NA", 
         WeatherCondition1 != "") %>%
  mutate(WeatherCondition1 = case_when(
    WeatherCondition1 == "Rain" ~ "Rain", 
    TRUE ~ "Not Rain")) %>%
  group_by(key_crash,WeatherCondition1) %>%
  summarize(count = length(key_crash))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'key_crash'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
crashes_rain <- mutate(crashes_rain, 
                       rain = WeatherCondition1 == "Rain")

t.test(x=crashes_rain$rain)
## 
##  One Sample t-test
## 
## data:  crashes_rain$rain
## t = 130.39, df = 151584, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: true mean is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  0.09933835 0.10237026
## sample estimates:
## mean of x 
## 0.1008543
crashes_rain %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=WeatherCondition1, x=WeatherCondition1)) + 
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(stat="count", aes(x=WeatherCondition1, label=..count..), vjust=-0.25)

Frequency of Injury by Alcohol Result Type

The most people are killed when there are no alcohol or other drugs. This is slightly surprising, however, it may be because when people are driving with drugs or alcohol in their system, they may attempt to be more cautious so that they do not get pulled over by police.

crashes %>%
  filter(Injury != "NA", Injury != "Unknown", AlcoholResultType != "NA", 
         AlcoholResultType != "NaN", AlcoholResultType != "Unknown",
         AlcoholResultType != "Contaminated sample/unusable", 
         AlcoholResultType != "Pending") %>%
  group_by(Injury) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=Injury, x=AlcoholResultType)) + 
  geom_bar(position="fill", stat="count") + 
  coord_flip() + 
  labs(title = "Injury Frequency by Alcohol Result Type",
       x = "Alcohol Result Type",
       y = "Percentage")

Frequency of Injury by Traffic Control Type

Places where warning signs are post led to the post injuries including people killed. This may be because the signs are not taken as seriously and are less common to see, therefore, more people may disregard the warnings. Not many injuries occur near Railroad crossings.

crashes %>%
  filter(Injury != "NA", Injury != "Unknown", TrafficControlType != "NA", 
         TrafficControlType != "NaN") %>%
  group_by(Injury) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=Injury, x=TrafficControlType)) + 
  geom_bar(position="fill", stat="count") + 
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Injury Frequency by Traffic Control Type",
       x = "Traffic Control Type",
       y = "Percentage")

Frequency of Injury by Vehicle Type

Pedestrian were the most killed, followed by motorcycles and motor scooters. This makes sense because these people are more exposed to conditions as well as generally having less protection than people in enclosed vehicles. Large vehicles like buses, trucks, and military vehicles, had the leaast amount of injuries most likely due to their large size.

crashes %>%
  filter(Injury != "NA", Injury != "Unknown", VehicleType != "NA", 
         VehicleType != "NaN", VehicleType != "Unknown", VehicleType != "") %>%
  group_by(Injury) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=Injury, x=VehicleType)) + 
  geom_bar(position="fill", stat="count") + 
  coord_flip() + 
  labs(title = "Injury Frequency by Vehicle Type",
       x = "Vehicle Type",
       y = "Percentage")

Frequency of Injury by Protection

The most injuries occurred when people were using reflective clothing, lighting, and a helmet as protection. This makes sense because people using this would most likely be pedestrians or bikers, both of which are more exposed to danger and to having more significant injuries. Shoulder belts, lap belts, and the combination between the two appear to help decrease the amount of injuries that occur.

crashes %>%
  filter(Injury != "NA", Injury != "Unknown", Protection != "NA", 
         Protection != "NaN", Protection != "Unable to determine") %>%
  group_by(Injury) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=Injury, x=Protection)) + 
  geom_bar(position="fill", stat="count") + 
  coord_flip() + 
  labs(title = "Injury Frequency by Protection",
       x = "Protection",
       y = "Percentage")

Frequency of Injury by Vision Obstruction

Signs and embankment led to the most people being killed. This may be because these are both stationary opaque objects that will continuously block people’s views of the road and conditions. Also being blinded by other lights led to the most disabling injuries.

crashes %>%
  filter(Injury != "NA", Injury != "Unknown", VisionObstruction != "NA", 
         VisionObstruction != "NaN") %>%
  group_by(Injury) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=Injury, x=VisionObstruction)) + 
  geom_bar(position="fill", stat="count") + 
  coord_flip() + 
  labs(title = "Injury Frequncy by Vision Obstruction",
       x = "Vision Obstruction",
       y = "Percentage")

Frequency of Injury by Airbag Deployed

When airbags were not deployed, there was a smaller amount of injuries. This may be because the crashes were not significant enough to cause the airbags to deploy, therefore, if the crash is not significant enough to cause airbags to deploy, the people in the crash were less likely to be harmed. When there were no airbags, there was not many injuries. This may be because cars without airbags tend to be older cars which may mean they cannot go fast enough to lead to an extremely dangerous car crash. When both front and side airbags deploy, there are a significant amount of injuries including disabling injuries. This may be due to the crash being bad enough to deploy the airbags, therefore, if the crash is bad enough, the people are more likely to be injured.

crashes %>%
  filter(Injury != "NA", Injury != "Unknown", AirbagDeployed != "NA", 
         AirbagDeployed != "NaN", AirbagDeployed != "Unknown") %>%
  group_by(Injury) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=Injury, x=AirbagDeployed)) + 
  geom_bar(position="fill", stat="count") + 
  coord_flip() + 
  labs(title = "Injury Frequncy by Airbag Deployed",
       x = "Airbag Deployed",
       y = "Percentage")

Frequency of Injury by First Harmful Event

The first harmful event that led to the second most people killed and disabling injuries was with pedestrians. This would make sense because pedestrians often do not have protection from cars. Overturn/rollover harmful events had the most amount of injuries. Backing up had the least amount of injuries which would make sense because when backing a car up, people tend to be going a slower speed than if they were accelerating forward.

crashes %>%
  filter(Injury != "NA", Injury != "Unknown", FirstHarmfulEvent != "NA", 
         FirstHarmfulEvent != "NaN", FirstHarmfulEvent != "Unknown") %>%
  group_by(Injury) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=Injury, x=FirstHarmfulEvent)) + 
  geom_bar(position="fill", stat="count") + 
  coord_flip() + 
  labs(title = "Injury Frequency by First Harmful Event",
       x = "First Harmful Event",
       y = "Percentage")

Frequency of Injury by Most Harmful Event

The most harmful event that led to most people killed and disabling injuries was with pedestrians. This would make sense because pedestrians often do not have protection from cars. Overturn/rollover harmful events also had a significant amount of injuries. Backing up had the least amount of injuries which would make sense because when backing a car up, people tend to be going a slower speed than if they were accelerating forward.

crashes %>%
  filter(Injury != "NA", Injury != "Unknown", MostHarmfulEvent != "NA", 
         MostHarmfulEvent != "NaN", MostHarmfulEvent != "Unknown") %>%
  group_by(Injury) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=Injury, x=MostHarmfulEvent)) + 
  geom_bar(position="fill", stat="count") + 
  coord_flip() + 
  labs(title = "Injury Frequency by Most Harmful Event",
       x = "Most Harmful Event",
       y = "Percentage")

Frequency of Injury by Driver Age

# Comparing Injury to Driver Age
crashes %>%
  filter(Injury != "NA", Injury != "Unknown", Injury != "", PersonType == "Driver", Age != "NA",
         Age != "", Age != "Unknown", Age >= 5) %>%
  group_by(Injury) %>%
  mutate(shift = case_when(
    Age >= 5 & Age < 15 ~ "5-14",
    Age >= 15 & Age < 25 ~ "15-24",
    Age >= 25 & Age < 35 ~ "25-34",
    Age >= 35 & Age < 45 ~ "35-44",
    Age >= 45 & Age < 55 ~ "45-54",
    Age >= 55 & Age < 65 ~ "55-64",
    Age >= 65 & Age < 75 ~ "65-74",
    Age >= 75 & Age < 85 ~ "75-84",
    Age >= 85 & Age < 95 ~ "85-94",
    Age >= 95 & Age < 105 ~ "95-104",
    Age >= 105 & Age < 115 ~ "105-114",
    TRUE ~ "115-124")) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=Injury, x=shift)) + 
  geom_bar(position="fill", stat="count") + 
  coord_flip() + 
  labs(title = "Injury Frequency by Driver Age",
       x = "Age",
       y = "Percentage")

Frequency of Driver Age

crashes %>%
  filter(PersonType == "Driver", Age != "NA",
         Age != "", Age != "Unknown", Age >= 5) %>%
  mutate(age = case_when(
    Age >= 5 & Age < 15 ~ "5-14",
    Age >= 15 & Age < 25 ~ "15-24",
    Age >= 25 & Age < 35 ~ "25-34",
    Age >= 35 & Age < 45 ~ "35-44",
    Age >= 45 & Age < 55 ~ "45-54",
    Age >= 55 & Age < 65 ~ "55-64",
    Age >= 65 & Age < 75 ~ "65-74",
    Age >= 75 & Age < 85 ~ "75-84",
    Age >= 85 & Age < 95 ~ "85-94",
    Age >= 95 & Age < 105 ~ "95-104",
    Age >= 105 & Age < 115 ~ "105-114",
    TRUE ~ "115-124")) %>%
  mutate(age = factor(age, levels = c("5-14", "15-24", "25-34", "35-44", "45-54",
                                      "55-64", "65-74", "75-84", "85-94", 
                                      "95-104", "105-114", "115-124"))) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=age, x=age)) + 
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE) + 
  labs(title = "Frequency of Driver Age",
       x = "Age",
       y = "Count") + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90))

Frequncy of Injury by Passenger Age

crashes %>%
  filter(Injury != "NA", Injury != "Unknown", Injury != "", PersonType == "Passenger", Age != "NA",
         Age != "", Age != "Unknown") %>%
  group_by(Injury) %>%
  mutate(shift = case_when(
    Age >= 0 & Age < 10 ~ "0-9",
    Age >= 10 & Age < 20 ~ "10-19",
    Age >= 20 & Age < 30 ~ "20-29",
    Age >= 30 & Age < 40 ~ "30-39",
    Age >= 40 & Age < 50 ~ "40-49",
    Age >= 50 & Age < 60 ~ "50-59",
    Age >= 60 & Age < 70 ~ "60-69",
    Age >= 70 & Age < 80 ~ "70-79",
    Age >= 80 & Age < 90 ~ "80-89",
    Age >= 90 & Age < 100 ~ "90-99",
    Age >= 100 & Age < 110 ~ "100-109",
    Age >= 110 & Age < 120 ~ "110-119",
    TRUE ~ "120-129")) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=Injury, x=shift)) + 
  geom_bar(position="fill", stat="count") + 
  coord_flip() + 
  labs(title = "Injury Frequency by Passenger Age",
       x = "Age",
       y = "Percentage")

Frequency of Passenger Age

crashes %>%
  filter(PersonType == "Passenger", Age != "NA",
         Age != "", Age != "Unknown") %>%
  mutate(age = case_when(
    Age >= 0 & Age < 10 ~ "0-9",
    Age >= 10 & Age < 20 ~ "10-19",
    Age >= 20 & Age < 30 ~ "20-29",
    Age >= 30 & Age < 40 ~ "30-39",
    Age >= 40 & Age < 50 ~ "40-49",
    Age >= 50 & Age < 60 ~ "50-59",
    Age >= 60 & Age < 70 ~ "60-69",
    Age >= 70 & Age < 80 ~ "70-79",
    Age >= 80 & Age < 90 ~ "80-89",
    Age >= 90 & Age < 100 ~ "90-99",
    Age >= 100 & Age < 110 ~ "100-109",
    Age >= 110 & Age < 120 ~ "110-119",
    TRUE ~ "120-129")) %>%
  mutate(age = factor(age, levels = c("0-9", "10-19", "20-29", "30-39", "40-49", 
                                      "50-59", "60-69", "70-79", "80-89", 
                                      "90-99", "100-109", "110-119",
                                      "120-129"))) %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=age, x=age)) + 
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE) + 
  labs(title = "Frequency of Passenger Age",
       x = "Age",
       y = "Percentage") + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90))

Frequency of Crashes by Protection

The highest frequency of crashes occured when drivers and passengers wore a shoulder and lap belt protection which are common protections in more recent vehicles. However, the second highest frequency of crashes occured when drivers and passengers had used no protection. Could this be because the vehicles they were driving didn’t provide protection or that the vehicles had protection, the people just chose not to use any.

crashes %>% 
  filter(Protection != "NA", Protection != "Unable to determine") %>%
  count(Protection) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2), 
         Protection = reorder(Protection,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=Protection, y=logtrans, fill=Protection)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Protection",
       x = "Protection",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by Trapped

More crashes resulted in people in the vehicle not being trapped than people in the vehicle being trapped.

crashes %>% 
  filter(Trapped != "NA", Trapped != "Unknown") %>%
  count(Trapped) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2), 
         Trapped = reorder(Trapped,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=Trapped, y=logtrans, fill=Trapped)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Trapped",
       x = "Trapped",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by Vision Obstruction

The highest frequency of crashes occured when there was was no vision obstruction. It is interesting to note, that “Blinded, sunlight” led to a significant amount of crashes. When looking at the variable Weather Condition, most of the time the Weather Condition was clear. The weather was clear, however, this may have led to the sun being brighter and more likely to cause a car crash due to vision obstruction.

crashes %>% 
  filter(VisionObstruction != "NA", VisionObstruction != "Unknown") %>%
  count(VisionObstruction) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2), 
         VisionObstruction = reorder(VisionObstruction,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=VisionObstruction, y=logtrans, fill=VisionObstruction)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Vision Obstruction",
       x = "Vision Obstruction",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by Contributing Circumstance 1

The highest frequency of crashes had no contributing circumstances indicated.

crashes %>% 
  filter(ContributingCircumstance1 != "NA", ContributingCircumstance1 != "Unknown", 
         ContributingCircumstance1 != "Unable to determine") %>%
  count(ContributingCircumstance1) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2), 
         ContributingCircumstance1 = reorder(ContributingCircumstance1,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=ContributingCircumstance1, y=logtrans, fill=ContributingCircumstance1)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Contributing Circumstance 1",
       x = "Contributing Circumstance 1",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)") + 
  scale_x_discrete(labels = c("Passed on hill", 
                              "Passed on curve",  
                              "Passed stopped school bus",
                              "Driver distracted by electronic", 
                              "Improper or no signal",
                              "Driver distracted by external distraction",
                              "Right turn on red",
                              "Drug use",
                              "Disregarded yield sign", 
                              "Driver distracted by communication device", 
                              "Driver distracted by passenger", 
                              "Visibility obstructed",
                              "Disregarded other traffic signs", 
                              "Driver distracted", 
                              "Disregarded road markings",
                              "Operated defective equipment",
                              "Exceeded speed limit",
                              "Disregarded stop sign",
                              "Going wrong way", 
                              "Use of improper lane",
                              "Alcohol use", 
                              "Other improper passing", 
                              "Followed too closely", 
                              "Swerved or avoided",
                              "Overcorrected/oversteered",
                              "Erratic, reckless, negligent", 
                              "Other*",
                              "Disregarded traffic signals",
                              "Exceeded safe speed",
                              "Improper parking",
                              "Improper turn",
                              "Improper lane change",
                              "Improper backing",
                              "Failed to yield", 
                              "Inattention", 
                              "Failure to reduce speed",
                              "No contributing circumstance"))

Frequency of Crashes by Contributing Circumstance 2

The highest frequency of crashes had inattention as a contributing circumstance 2.

crashes %>% 
  filter(ContributingCircumstance2 != "NA", 
         ContributingCircumstance2 != "Unknown", 
         ContributingCircumstance2 != "Unable to determine") %>%
  count(ContributingCircumstance2) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2), 
         ContributingCircumstance2 = reorder(ContributingCircumstance2,
                                             logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=ContributingCircumstance2, y=logtrans, 
             fill=ContributingCircumstance2)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Contributing Circumstance 2",
       x = "Contributing Circumstance 2",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)") + 
  scale_x_discrete(labels = c("Passed on curve",  
                              "Passed on hill", 
                              "Passed stopped school bus",
                              "Disregarded yield sign", 
                              "Improper or no signal",
                              "Right turn on red",
                              "Disregarded other traffic signs", 
                              "Disregarded stop sign",
                              "Driver distracted by external distraction",
                              "Driver distracted by electronic", 
                              "Disregarded road markings",
                              "Drug use",
                              "Visibility obstructed",
                              "Swerved or avoided",
                              "Other improper passing",
                              "Exceeded speed limit",
                              "Use of improper lane",
                              "Driver distracted by communication device", 
                              "Driver distracted by passenger", 
                              "Operated defective equipment",
                              "Improper parking",
                              "No contributing circumstance", 
                              "Disregarded traffic signals",
                              "Other*",
                              "Driver distracted", 
                              "Going wrong way",
                              "Exceeded safe speed",
                              "Followed too closely", 
                              "Overcorrected/oversteered",
                              "Improper turn",
                              "Alcohol use", 
                              "Improper lane change",
                              "Erratic, reckless, negligent", 
                              "Improper backing",
                              "Failed to yield",
                              "Failure to reduce speed",
                              "Inattention"))

Frequency of Crashes by Contributing Circumstance 3

The higest frequency of crashes had inattention as a contributing circumstance 3.

crashes %>% 
  filter(ContributingCircumstance3 != "NA", 
         ContributingCircumstance3 != "Unknown", 
         ContributingCircumstance3 != "Unable to determine") %>%
  count(ContributingCircumstance3) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2), 
         ContributingCircumstance3 = 
           reorder(ContributingCircumstance3,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=ContributingCircumstance3, y=logtrans, 
             fill=ContributingCircumstance3)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Contributing Circumstance 3",
       x = "Contributing Circumstance 3",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)") + 
  scale_x_discrete(labels = c("Passed on hill", 
                              "Right turn on red",
                              "Passed on curve", 
                              "Disregarded yield sign", 
                              "Improper or no signal",
                              "Disregarded other traffic signs", 
                              "Disregarded stop sign",
                              "Improper parking",
                              "No contributing circumstance", 
                              "Disregarded road markings",
                              "Visibility obstructed",
                              "Driver distracted by electronic",
                              "Swerved or avoided",
                              "Exceeded speed limit",
                              "Driver distracted by external distraction",
                              "Operated defective equipment",
                              "Other improper passing",
                              "Use of improper lane",
                              "Disregarded traffic signals",
                              "Exceeded safe speed",
                              "Improper backing",
                              "Driver distracted by communication device",
                              "Going wrong way",
                              "Driver distracted by passenger", 
                              "Other*",
                              "Improper lane change",
                              "Drug use",
                              "Improper turn",
                              "Overcorrected/oversteered",
                              "Driver distracted", 
                              "Followed too closely", 
                              "Failure to reduce speed",
                              "Failed to yield",
                              "Alcohol use", 
                              "Erratic, reckless, negligent",
                              "Inattention"))

Frequency of Crashes by Location Relation to Road

Most of the crashes on the roadway. This means it includes accidents on highways, streets, and where there is a lot of traffic.

crashes %>% 
  filter(LocationRelationToRoad != "NA", LocationRelationToRoad != "Unknown") %>%
  count(LocationRelationToRoad) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2), 
         LocationRelationToRoad = reorder(LocationRelationToRoad,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=LocationRelationToRoad, y=logtrans, fill=LocationRelationToRoad)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Location of Crash in Relation to Road",
       x = "Location Relation to Road",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by Location In Near Indicator

crashes %>% 
  filter(LocationInNearIndicator != "NA", LocationInNearIndicator != "Unknown") %>%
  count(LocationInNearIndicator) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2), 
         LocationInNearIndicator = reorder(LocationInNearIndicator,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=LocationInNearIndicator, y=logtrans, fill=LocationInNearIndicator)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Crashes Near Indicator",
       x = "Location in Near Indicator",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by Location Ramp Indicator

crashes %>% 
  filter(LocationRampIndicator != "NA", LocationRampIndicator != "Unknown") %>%
  count(LocationRampIndicator) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2), 
         LocationRampIndicator = reorder(LocationRampIndicator,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=LocationRampIndicator, y=logtrans, fill=LocationRampIndicator)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Crash Location from Ramp",
       x = "Location Ramp Indicator",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Histogram of Crash Location Feet From Road

The data for the location of crashes from a road shows that most crashes happen at most popular roadways. These roadways tend to be the busiest roads.

crashes %>%
  filter(LocationFeetFromRoad != "NA", LocationFeetFromRoad != "Unknown", 
         LocationFeetFromRoad != "") %>%
  ggplot() +
  geom_histogram(aes(x=LocationFeetFromRoad), binwidth = 100, col="red", fill="darkgrey") +
  labs(title="Histogram for Location Feet From Road")

Frequency of Crashes by Location Direction From Road

Most direction of crashes were North, South, East, and West. This shows that there is no specific direction where crashes were most common. This data implies that there is the same amount of crashes in every direction of the road.

crashes %>% 
  filter(LocationDirectionFromRoad != "NA", LocationDirectionFromRoad != "Unknown",
         LocationDirectionFromRoad != "") %>%
  count(LocationDirectionFromRoad) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2), 
         LocationDirectionFromRoad= reorder(LocationDirectionFromRoad,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=LocationDirectionFromRoad, y=logtrans, fill=LocationDirectionFromRoad)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Direction of Crash",
       x = "Location Direction From Road",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by Location From Indicator

More crashes tend to occur from and indicator then from the indicator. This means that most common crashes are known to happen near busy streets/roads.

crashes %>% 
  filter(LocationAtFromIndicator != "NA", LocationAtFromIndicator != "Unknown") %>%
  count(LocationAtFromIndicator) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2), 
         LocationAtFromIndicator= reorder(LocationAtFromIndicator,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=LocationAtFromIndicator, y=logtrans, fill=LocationAtFromIndicator)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Indicator Crash Location",
       x = "Location At/From Indicator",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by Location Direction to Road

When it comes to the location direction of the crash to the road the data is like location direction of crashes from road. Most crashes happen North, South, East, and West.

crashes %>% 
  filter(LocationDirectionToRoad != "NA", LocationDirectionToRoad != "Unknown") %>%
  count(LocationDirectionToRoad) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2), 
         LocationDirectionToRoad= reorder(LocationDirectionToRoad,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=LocationDirectionToRoad, y=logtrans, fill=LocationDirectionToRoad)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Direction of Crash From Road",
       x = "Location Direction To Road",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by First Harmful Event

The data shows us that the (First Harmful Crash Event) is from a rear end, slow or stop. This implies that some drivers might be driving under the speed limit or not paying attention to what is in front of them on the road.

crashes %>% 
  filter(FirstHarmfulEvent != "NA", FirstHarmfulEvent != "Unknown") %>%
  count(FirstHarmfulEvent) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2), 
         FirstHarmfulEvent= reorder(FirstHarmfulEvent,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=FirstHarmfulEvent, y=logtrans, fill=FirstHarmfulEvent)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "First Harmful Crash Event ",
       x = "First Harmful Event",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by Most Harmful Event

The most harmful event is also a rear end, slow or stop accident just like the fist harmful event. Side swiped accidents and hitting parked vehicles are also pretty common accidents. This informs us that drivers are not paying attention to the road and are being distracted.

crashes %>% 
  filter(MostHarmfulEvent != "NA", MostHarmfulEvent != "Unknown") %>%
  count(MostHarmfulEvent) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2), 
         MostHarmfulEvent= reorder(MostHarmfulEvent,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=MostHarmfulEvent, y=logtrans, fill=MostHarmfulEvent)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Most Harmful Crash Event ",
       x = "Most Harmful Event",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by Road Classification

Local streets are the most common places where there are accidents. This is because local streets tend to be busy. There is usually traffic in both directions. There are also many people walking around. This causes the driver to get distracted easily.

crashes %>% 
  filter(RoadClassification != "NA", RoadClassification != "Unknown", 
         RoadClassification != "") %>%
  count(RoadClassification) %>% 
  mutate(logtrans = round(log10(n), digits = 2), 
         RoadClassification= reorder(RoadClassification,logtrans)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=RoadClassification, y=logtrans, fill=RoadClassification)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=logtrans),nudge_y=0.2) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Classification of the Road ",
       x = "Road Classification",
       y = "Count (log10 Scale)")

Frequency of Crashes by Crash Date Year

We included a horizontal dashed line to indicate where the yearly average lies and we can see that only the years 202 and 2021 fall below this yearly average. The year with the most crashes in 2019 but not by many. The full year with the fewest crashes in 2020 which was to be expected due to the lockdowns that took place to try and mitigate the spread of Covid-19. 2021 also looks to be on track to be another low crash year but we do not have a perfect explanation for that seeing as things are beginning to open and “return to normal” again.

crashes %>% 
  filter(Crash_Date_Year != "Unknown", Crash_Date_Year != "2011") %>%
  ggplot(aes(Crash_Date_Year, fill=as.factor(Crash_Date_Year))) +
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE) +
  geom_text(stat="count", aes(x=Crash_Date_Year, label=..count..), vjust=-0.25) + 
  geom_abline(intercept = 387995/(77/12), slope = 0, lty="dashed") +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks=2015:2021) +
  labs(title = "Frequency of Crashes by Year", 
       x = "Year", 
       y = "Count")

Number of Drivers per Crash

This bar plot represents how many drivers were involved in each crash. We can see that the majority of crashes involved 2 drivers, which was to be expected since two car accidents seem to be the most common. In a distant second was 1 driver crashes, which again made sense because this encompasses most of the other kinds of crashes that are most common. The rest of the crashes had a decreasing number of drivers involved in crashes as the number of drivers ranged from 3 to 18.

crashes %>% 
  filter(PersonType == "Driver") %>%
  group_by(key_crash) %>%
  count() %>% 
  group_by(n) %>%
  count() %>%
  rename(Drivers = n, Frequency = nn) %>%
  mutate(Drivers = reorder(Drivers, Frequency)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x=Drivers, y=Frequency, fill=Drivers)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=Frequency),nudge_y=0.1) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Number of Drivers per Crash",
       x = "Number of Drivers",
       y = "Count")
## Storing counts in `nn`, as `n` already present in input
## ℹ Use `name = "new_name"` to pick a new name.

Number of Passengers per Crash

This data involved a much larger range of numbers than drivers involved per crash. However, despite this fact, we can still follow a pretty regular decreasing trend with the majority of crashes involved 1 passenger which trickles all the way to a crash involving a maximum of 88 passengers.

crashes %>% 
  filter(PersonType == "Passenger") %>%
  group_by(key_crash) %>%
  count() %>% 
  group_by(n) %>%
  count() %>%
  rename(Passengers = n, Frequency = nn) %>%
  mutate(Passengers = reorder(Passengers,Frequency)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=Passengers, y=Frequency, fill=Passengers)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=Frequency),nudge_y=0.5) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Number of Passengers per Crash",
       x = "Number of Passengers",
       y = "Count")
## Storing counts in `nn`, as `n` already present in input
## ℹ Use `name = "new_name"` to pick a new name.

Number of Pedestrians per Crash

There is little variety in the number of pedestrians involved in crashes. When pedestrians were involved, there was a majority of it only being 1 with a distant second and third being 2 and 3 pedestrians.

crashes %>% 
  filter(PersonType == "Pedestrian") %>%
  group_by(key_crash) %>%
  count() %>% 
  group_by(n) %>%
  count() %>% 
  rename(Pedestrians = n, Frequency = nn) %>%
  mutate(Pedestrians = reorder(Pedestrians,Frequency)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=Pedestrians, y=Frequency, fill=Pedestrians)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=Frequency),nudge_y=0.5) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Number of Pedestrians per Crash",
       x = "Number of Pedestrians",
       y = "Count")
## Storing counts in `nn`, as `n` already present in input
## ℹ Use `name = "new_name"` to pick a new name.

Number of Pedalcyclists per Crash

Similar to the number of pedestrians involved in crashes, the number of pedalcyclists involved in crashes has little variety and is very low. Compared to the total amount of data we are working with, very few crashes involve pedalcyclists anf if they do, it is only 1 with a singular exception for a crash involving 2.

crashes %>% 
  filter(PersonType == "Pedalcyclist") %>%
  group_by(key_crash) %>%
  count() %>% 
  group_by(n) %>%
  count() %>%
  rename(Pedalcyclists = n, Frequency = nn) %>%
  mutate(Pedalcyclists = reorder(Pedalcyclists,Frequency)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=Pedalcyclists, y=Frequency, fill=Pedalcyclists)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=Frequency),nudge_y=0.5) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Number of Pedalcyclists per Crash",
       x = "Number of Pedalcyclists",
       y = "Count")
## Storing counts in `nn`, as `n` already present in input
## ℹ Use `name = "new_name"` to pick a new name.

Number of Other People per Crash

Although there is more variety than both number of pedestriand and pedalcyclists involved per crash, there is still a very small proportion of other people that are involved in crashes. This category encompasses those who do not fit into the categories of driver, passenger, pedestiran, or pedalcyclist. There is a majority of 1 other person being involved with a decreasing amount as it goes up to a maximum of 5 other people involved.

crashes %>% 
  filter(PersonType == "Other*") %>%
  group_by(key_crash) %>%
  count() %>% 
  group_by(n) %>%
  count() %>%
  rename(Other = n, Frequency = nn) %>%
  mutate(Other = reorder(Other,Frequency)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=Other, y=Frequency, fill=Other)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=Frequency),nudge_y=0.5) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Number of Others per Crash",
       x = "Number of Others",
       y = "Count")
## Storing counts in `nn`, as `n` already present in input
## ℹ Use `name = "new_name"` to pick a new name.

Number of Unknown People per Crash

This data is likely not going to be useful to any of our analyses because it is fairly likely that the number of unknown people involved in crashes is much higher than it realistically was due to poor data entry. This plot included many more observations than pedestrians, pedalcyclists, and others combined with a majority of crashes involving only 1 unknown person and a few involving 2.

crashes %>% 
  filter(PersonType == "Unknown") %>%
  group_by(key_crash) %>%
  count() %>% 
  group_by(n) %>%
  count() %>%
  rename(Unknown = n, Frequency = nn) %>%
  mutate(Unknown = reorder(Unknown,Frequency)) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x=Unknown, y=Frequency, fill=Unknown)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=Frequency),nudge_y=0.5) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Number of Unknown per Crash",
       x = "Number of Unknown",
       y = "Count")
## Storing counts in `nn`, as `n` already present in input
## ℹ Use `name = "new_name"` to pick a new name.

Number of People Killed per Crash

Fortunately, the number of people killed in crashes was low. Therefore, we only have a small distribution of number of people killed per crash ranging from 1 to three with one being the majority and taking a large jump to 2 and 3 killed per crash.

crashes %>% 
  filter(Injury == "Killed") %>%
  group_by(key_crash) %>%
  count() %>% 
  group_by(n) %>%
  count() %>%
  rename(Killed = n, Frequency = nn) %>%
  mutate(Killed = reorder(Killed, Frequency)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x=Killed, y=Frequency, fill=Killed)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=Frequency),nudge_y = 0.5) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Number Killed per Crash",
       x = "Number Killed",
       y = "Count")
## Storing counts in `nn`, as `n` already present in input
## ℹ Use `name = "new_name"` to pick a new name.

Number of Type A Injuries per Crash

There were many more Type A injuries than people killed which represent all of the disabling injuries. Once again, we can see a trend of decreasing number of type A injuries per crash as the number of those injuries increases with the majority if type A injuries per crash is one and the fewest was 5 type A injuries per crash with a frequency of only 1.

crashes %>% 
  filter(Injury == "A type injury (disabling)") %>%
  group_by(key_crash) %>%
  count() %>% 
  group_by(n) %>%
  count() %>%
  rename(TypeA = n, Frequency = nn) %>%
  mutate(TypeA = reorder(TypeA, Frequency)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x=TypeA, y=Frequency, fill=TypeA)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=Frequency),nudge_y = 0.5) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Number of Type A Injuries per Crash",
       x = "Number of Type A Injuries",
       y = "Count")
## Storing counts in `nn`, as `n` already present in input
## ℹ Use `name = "new_name"` to pick a new name.

Number of Type B Injuries per Crash

Type B injuries represent all of the injuries that occurred that were evident. We can see a higher variety in the number of these type of injuries per crash as well as more of them total. A majority of the type B injuries per crash is one and the frequency decreases as the number of type B injuries per crash increases up to 11.

crashes %>% 
  filter(Injury == "B type injury (evident)") %>%
  group_by(key_crash) %>%
  count() %>% 
  group_by(n) %>%
  count() %>%
  rename(TypeB = n, Frequency = nn) %>%
  mutate(TypeB = reorder(TypeB, Frequency)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x=TypeB, y=Frequency, fill=TypeB)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=Frequency),nudge_y = 0.5) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Number of Type B Injuries per Crash",
       x = "Number of Type B Injuries",
       y = "Count")
## Storing counts in `nn`, as `n` already present in input
## ℹ Use `name = "new_name"` to pick a new name.

Number of Type C Injuries per Crash

Type C injuries are all of the most minor injuries and, fortunately, is the injury type that contains the most observations. Following the same trend as the other type of injuries, the majority of crashes that involved type C injuries only had 1 and there was a decreasing frequency as the number of type C injuries per crash increased up to a maximum of 26.

crashes %>% 
  filter(Injury == "C type injury (possible)") %>%
  group_by(key_crash) %>%
  count() %>% 
  group_by(n) %>%
  count() %>%
  rename(TypeC = n, Frequency = nn) %>%
  mutate(TypeC = reorder(TypeC, Frequency)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x=TypeC, y=Frequency, fill=TypeC)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=Frequency),nudge_y = 0.5) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Number of Type C Injuries per Crash",
       x = "Number of Type C Injuries",
       y = "Count")
## Storing counts in `nn`, as `n` already present in input
## ℹ Use `name = "new_name"` to pick a new name.

Number of People with No Injuries per Crash

This plot looks similar to the plot that represents the number of passengers involved per crash. There is a wide range of possible numbers of uninjured people per crash spanning from 1 to 90. Despite this wide range of values, we can still see that the data follows the trend of decreasing frequency as the number of uninjured people per crash increases.

crashes %>% 
  filter(Injury == "No injury") %>%
  group_by(key_crash) %>%
  count() %>% 
  group_by(n) %>%
  count() %>%
  rename(NoInjury = n, Frequency = nn) %>%
  mutate(NoInjury = reorder(NoInjury, Frequency)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x=NoInjury, y=Frequency, fill=NoInjury)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=Frequency),nudge_y = 0.5) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Number of People with No Injuries per Crash",
       x = "Number of People with No Injuries",
       y = "Count")
## Storing counts in `nn`, as `n` already present in input
## ℹ Use `name = "new_name"` to pick a new name.

Number of Unknown Injuries per Crash

Once again, I do not think that this data will be useful for our analysis since it is likely that these unknown injuries are likely due to poor data entry but we can follow the same trend of a decreasing frequency as the number of unknown injuries per crash in creases from 1 all the way up to 16, with 1 having a very clear majority.

crashes %>% 
  filter(Injury == "Unknown") %>%
  group_by(key_crash) %>%
  count() %>% 
  group_by(n) %>%
  count() %>%
  rename(Unknown = n, Frequency = nn) %>%
  mutate(Unknown = reorder(Unknown, Frequency)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x=Unknown, y=Frequency, fill=Unknown)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(aes(label=Frequency),nudge_y = 0.5) +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(title = "Number of Unknown Injuries per Crash",
       x = "Number of Unknown Injuries",
       y = "Count")
## Storing counts in `nn`, as `n` already present in input
## ℹ Use `name = "new_name"` to pick a new name.

Visualizing data using maps

Map of Crash Locations (North Carolina)

crashes %>% 
  filter(LocationLatitude != "0", LocationLongitude != "0",
         LocationLatitude != "NA", LocationLatitude != "",
         LocationLongitude != "NA", LocationLongitude != "",
         LocationLatitude > 35.4, LocationLatitude < 36.2,
         LocationLongitude < -78, LocationLongitude > -79) %>%
  ggplot(aes(LocationLongitude, LocationLatitude)) +
  borders('county', 'north carolina', fill = "light blue") +
  geom_point(size=0.5, col = 'black', show.legend = F) +
  coord_quickmap()

Map of Crash Locations (Wake County)

Install necessaary packages

library(maps)
#install.packages("sf")
library(sf)
## Linking to GEOS 3.8.1, GDAL 3.2.1, PROJ 7.2.1

Create map

From the map, we can see that many crashes occur near the center of Wake County. This makes sense because in the center of Wake County sits Raleigh, the capital of North Carolina.

nc_counties <- map_data("county", "north carolina") %>%
  select(lon = long, lat, group, id = subregion)
head(nc_counties)
##         lon      lat group       id
## 1 -79.53800 35.84424     1 alamance
## 2 -79.54372 35.89008     1 alamance
## 3 -79.54372 35.89008     1 alamance
## 4 -79.53800 35.98175     1 alamance
## 5 -79.52081 36.23385     1 alamance
## 6 -79.26298 36.23385     1 alamance
wake_county <- nc_counties %>%
  filter(nc_counties$id == "wake")

wake_map <- wake_county %>% 
  ggplot() +
  geom_polygon(aes(lon, lat), color = "darkblue", fill = "lightblue")

crashes_filter <- crashes %>%
  filter(LocationLatitude != "0", LocationLongitude != "0",
         LocationLatitude != "NA", LocationLatitude != "",
         LocationLongitude != "NA", LocationLongitude != "",
         LocationLatitude > 35.4, LocationLatitude < 36.2,
         LocationLongitude < -78, LocationLongitude > -79)

wake_map <- wake_map + 
  geom_point(data = crashes_filter, aes(x=LocationLongitude, y= LocationLatitude), colour = "blue", alpha = 1/10)

wake_map

Heat Map of Crash Locations (Wake County)

Load necessary packages

library(ggplot2)
#install.packages("ggmap")
library(ggmap)
library(RColorBrewer)

Create map (zoomed-out version)

map_bounds <- c(-78.98, 35.51, -78.24, 36.06)

coords.map <- get_stamenmap(map_bounds, zoom = 10, maptype = "toner-lite")

coords.map <- ggmap(coords.map, extent="panel", legend="none")
coords.map <- coords.map + stat_density2d(data=crashes_filter,  
                                          aes(x=LocationLongitude, 
                                              y=LocationLatitude, 
                                              fill=..level..),
                                          alpha = 0.3, 
                                          geom="polygon")
coords.map <- coords.map +   scale_fill_gradientn(colours=rev(brewer.pal(7, "RdBu")))

coords.map <- coords.map + theme_bw()

coords.map

Create map (zoomed-in version)

From the Wake County heat map, we can see that crashes are much more likely to occur in the center of the city. We see that as more streets populate an area, more crashes occur.

crashes_filter <- crashes %>%
  filter(LocationLatitude != "0", LocationLongitude != "0",
         LocationLatitude != "NA", LocationLatitude != "",
         LocationLongitude != "NA", LocationLongitude != "",
         LocationLatitude > 35.4, LocationLatitude < 36.2,
         LocationLongitude < -78, LocationLongitude > -79)

map_bounds <- c(-78.8, 35.72, -78.5, 35.9) #coordinates of wake county

coords.map <- get_stamenmap(map_bounds, zoom = 13, maptype = "toner-lite")

coords.map <- ggmap(coords.map, extent="panel")
coords.map <- coords.map + stat_density2d(data=crashes_filter,  
                                          aes(x=LocationLongitude, 
                                              y=LocationLatitude, 
                                              fill=..level..),
                                          alpha=0.3, 
                                          geom="polygon")

coords.map <- coords.map + scale_fill_gradientn(colours=rev(brewer.pal(7, "RdYlGn")))

coords.map <- coords.map + theme_bw() + 
  ggtitle("Heat Map of Crash Locations") + 
  xlab("Latitude") + ylab("Longitude")

coords.map

Interactive Heat Map of Crash Locations

Loading necessary packages

library(plotly)

Create map

ggplotly(coords.map) %>%
  highlight(
    "plotly_hover",
    selected = attrs_selected(line = list(color = "black"))
  )

Visualizing text data using word clouds

Installing and loading necessary packages

devtools::install_github("gaospecial/wordcloud2")
#install.packages('wordcloud2')
library(wordcloud2)

Word Cloud for Location Road Name On

From the word cloud, we can see many crashes occur on 440, 40, and Capital Blvd. This makes sense because 440 and 40 are major interstates that connect to several major junctions and Capital Blvd is a main road in North Carolina as well.

location_road_name_on_freq <- crashes %>%
  count(LocationRoadNameOn)

set.seed(101)
location_road_name_on_freq %>%
  wordcloud2(shape = 'circle', backgroundColor = "black", minSize = 5)

Word cloud for location road name at

From the word cloud, we can see that 440, Capital Blvd, 40, and Blue Ridge Rd frequently have crashes that are near by. This would make sense because most of these streets are highly trafficked and populated.

location_road_name_at_freq <- crashes %>%
  count(LocationRoadNameAt)

set.seed(102)
location_road_name_at_freq %>%
  wordcloud2(shape = 'circle', backgroundColor = "black", minSize = 5)

Visualizing Data Using Time Series Plots

Time Series Plot for Frequency of Daily Crashes (With Pandemic Data)

From the plot, we see that there are major spikes around March 2015, late October 2015, and December 2016. The two latter spikes may be related to the popular holidays, Halloween and Christmas.

From the time series plot, we can see that there is a significant drop in car crashes in March 2020. This can be explained by the stay-at-home-orders due to the COVID-19 pandemic. After the stay at home orders, the frequency of crashes seems to be slightly lower throughout May 2021. There will likely be an increase in the next few month due to stay-at-home-orders and COVID-19 regulations being lifted now that the vaccination is available.

crashes_ts = crashes %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  group_by(Date) %>%
  summarize(count = length(unique(key_crash)))

crashes_ts %>%
  filter(as.Date(Date) >= "2015/01/01") %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = as.Date(Date), y = count)) + 
  ggtitle("Time Series Plot for Frequency of Daily Crashes (With Pandemic Data)") +
  xlab("Date") + ylab("Count") + 
  geom_line() + 
  scale_x_date(date_labels = "%m-%Y", date_breaks = "6 month") + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90))

### Time Series Plot for Frequency of Daily Crashes With 7 Day Moving Average (With Pandemic Data)

crashes_ts %>%
  filter(as.Date(Date) >= "2015/01/01") %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = as.Date(Date), y = count)) + 
  geom_line() +
  geom_line(aes(y=rollmean(count, 7, na.pad = TRUE)), color = "red") +
  scale_x_date(date_labels = "%m-%Y", date_breaks = "6 month") + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90)) + 
  ggtitle("Time Series Plot for Frequency of Daily Crashes With 7 Day Moving Average (With Pandemic Data)")
## Warning: Removed 6 row(s) containing missing values (geom_path).

### Time Series Plot for Frequency of Daily Crashes With 30 Day Moving Average (With Pandemic Data)

crashes_ts %>%
  filter(as.Date(Date) >= "2015/01/01") %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = as.Date(Date), y = count)) + 
  geom_line() +
  geom_line(aes(y=rollmean(count, 30, na.pad = TRUE)), color = "red") +
  scale_x_date(date_labels = "%m-%Y", date_breaks = "6 month") + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90)) + 
  ggtitle("Time Series Plot for Frequency of Daily Crashes With 30 Day Moving Average (With Pandemic Data)")
## Warning: Removed 29 row(s) containing missing values (geom_path).

Time Series Plot for Frequency of Daily Crashes With 100 Day Moving Average (With Pandemic Data)

crashes_ts %>%
  filter(as.Date(Date) >= "2015/01/01") %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = as.Date(Date), y = count)) + 
  geom_line() +
  geom_line(aes(y=rollmean(count, 100, na.pad = TRUE)), color = "red") +
  scale_x_date(date_labels = "%m-%Y", date_breaks = "6 month") + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90)) + 
  ggtitle("Time Series Plot for Frequency of Daily Crashes with 100 Day Moving Average (with Pandemic Data)")
## Warning: Removed 99 row(s) containing missing values (geom_path).

Time Series Plot for Frequency of Daily Crashes (Without Pandemic Data)

crashes_ts.noncovid = crashes %>%
  filter(as.Date(crash_date) >= "2015/01/01" & as.Date(crash_date) <= "2020/03/01") %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  group_by(Date) %>%
  summarize(count = length(unique(key_crash)))

crashes_ts.noncovid %>%
  filter(as.Date(Date) >= "2015/01/01") %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = as.Date(Date), y = count)) + 
  ggtitle("Time Series Plot for Frequency of Daily Crashes (Without Pandemic Data") + xlab("Date") + ylab("Count") + 
  geom_line() + 
  scale_x_date(date_labels = "%m-%Y", date_breaks = "6 month") + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90))

Time Series Plot for Frequency of Daily Crashes From January 2015 to May 2021 and Regression Line (With Pandemic Data)

Loading necessary libraries

library(forecast)
library(fpp2)
library(TTR)

Plotting

#Converting crashes_ts to a time series object 
crashests2 <- ts(crashes_ts$count, start = c(2015,1), end = c(2021,153),
                frequency = 365)

#Converting crashes_ts to a time series object 
crashests <- as.ts(crashes_ts)

#Least squares estimation
fit.crashes <- tslm(count ~ Date, data=crashests)
summary(fit.crashes)
## 
## Call:
## tslm(formula = count ~ Date, data = crashests)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -72.683 -12.810  -0.039  12.445 165.725 
## 
## Coefficients:
##               Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 73.6907278  0.8168638   90.21   <2e-16 ***
## Date        -0.0074302  0.0006026  -12.33   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 19.78 on 2345 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.06088,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.06048 
## F-statistic:   152 on 1 and 2345 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
#Fitted values 
autoplot(crashests[,'count'], series="Data") +
  autolayer(fitted(fit.crashes), series="Fitted") +
  xlab("Date") + ylab("Count") +
  ggtitle("Number of Daily Car Crashes (With Pandemic Data)") +
  guides(colour=guide_legend(title=" ")) + 
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(0, 365, 731, 1096, 1461, 1826, 2192), 
                     labels = c("Jan 2015", "Jan 2016", "Jan 2017", "Jan 2018", 
                                "Jan 2019", "Jan 2020", "Jan 2021")) + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90))

Time Series Plot for Frequency of Daily Crashes From January 2015 to May 2021 and Regression Line (Without Pandemic Data)

#Converting crashes_ts to a time series object using ts
crashests.noncovid <- ts(crashes_ts.noncovid$count, start = c(2015,1), 
                         end = c(2020,59), frequency = 365)

#Converting crashes_ts to a time series object using as.ts
crashests.noncovid2 <- as.ts(crashes_ts.noncovid, start = c(2015,1), 
                             end = c(2020,59), frequency = 365)

#Least squares estimation
fit.crashes.noncovid2 <- tslm(count ~ Date, data=crashests.noncovid2)
summary(fit.crashes.noncovid2)
## 
## Call:
## tslm(formula = count ~ Date, data = crashests.noncovid2)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -48.121 -11.832  -0.046  10.794 172.355 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 6.646e+01  8.401e-01  79.113  < 2e-16 ***
## Date        3.358e-03  7.708e-04   4.357 1.39e-05 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 18.24 on 1885 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.009969,   Adjusted R-squared:  0.009444 
## F-statistic: 18.98 on 1 and 1885 DF,  p-value: 1.391e-05
#Fitted values (linear plot through ts)
autoplot(crashests.noncovid2[,'count'], series="Data") +
  autolayer(fitted(fit.crashes.noncovid2), series="Fitted") +
  xlab("Date") + ylab("Count") +
  ggtitle("Number of Daily Car Crashes (Without Pandemic Data)") +
  guides(colour=guide_legend(title=" ")) + 
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(0, 365, 731, 1096, 1461, 1826, 2192), 
                     labels = c("Jan 2015", "Jan 2016", "Jan 2017", "Jan 2018", 
                                "Jan 2019", "Jan 2020", "Jan 2021")) + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90))

Time Series Plot for Frequency of Daily Crashes Organized by Year From January 2015 to May 2021 (With Pandemic Data)

crashes_annual = crashes_ts %>%
  separate(Date, 
           into = c("Year", "Month"), sep = 4, remove = FALSE) %>%
  select(-Month)

crashes_annual %>%
  filter(as.Date(Date) >= "2015/01/01") %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = as.Date(Date), y = count)) + 
  ggtitle("Time Series Plots for Frequency of Daily Crashes Organized by Year") + 
  geom_line() + 
  scale_x_date(date_labels = "%m-%Y", date_breaks = "1 month") + 
  xlab("Date") + ylab("Count") + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90)) +
  facet_wrap(~Year, scales = "free_x")

Forecasting Using Time Series Plots

Time Series Forecast of Daily Crashes (With Pandemic Data)

HoltWinters Forecasting and Time Series (With Pandemic Data)

covid <- HoltWinters(crashests2)

summary(covid)
##              Length Class  Mode     
## fitted       7912   mts    numeric  
## x            2343   ts     numeric  
## alpha           1   -none- numeric  
## beta            1   -none- numeric  
## gamma           1   -none- numeric  
## coefficients  367   -none- numeric  
## seasonal        1   -none- character
## SSE             1   -none- numeric  
## call            2   -none- call
plot(fitted(covid), main = "Box Jenkins Decomposition of Daily Crashes (With Pandemic Data)")

fcast <- forecast(covid, 210)

summary(fcast)
## 
## Forecast method: HoltWinters
## 
## Model Information:
## Holt-Winters exponential smoothing with trend and additive seasonal component.
## 
## Call:
## HoltWinters(x = crashests2)
## 
## Smoothing parameters:
##  alpha: 0.08077377
##  beta : 0
##  gamma: 0.5202656
## 
## Coefficients:
##              [,1]
## a     50.54984009
## b      0.01038832
## s1    -6.23449175
## s2    -1.93564335
## s3     2.86487713
## s4     3.28987252
## s5    18.74605442
## s6    11.34313976
## s7    10.93677566
## s8    -2.05767179
## s9     1.10585292
## s10    2.12610252
## s11    2.85764739
## s12    2.56818547
## s13    1.44799761
## s14   -0.22202840
## s15   -6.64149445
## s16   11.21950926
## s17    2.33492289
## s18   -3.81325334
## s19  -12.43592667
## s20   -8.82891425
## s21   -6.98425032
## s22  -18.59843672
## s23   -4.28591066
## s24    3.00785928
## s25    6.65753804
## s26    0.46225594
## s27   10.73197209
## s28    5.46095777
## s29   -1.34256568
## s30   -3.26511301
## s31   -0.93528345
## s32   -2.46074674
## s33    1.54812218
## s34  -13.16233602
## s35  -14.81325852
## s36  -15.65407423
## s37  -10.94124296
## s38   -8.23887077
## s39    0.09667156
## s40   -2.79874332
## s41   14.35529063
## s42   -2.87078344
## s43  -10.64056090
## s44   -3.07418243
## s45    3.58884162
## s46    5.78232493
## s47   -7.75697781
## s48   11.82025001
## s49    1.81002608
## s50  -10.60009088
## s51   -7.48194865
## s52   -5.95450286
## s53   -2.11306421
## s54   -0.10492356
## s55    5.51864882
## s56    1.43270639
## s57  -14.98387363
## s58  -10.19643554
## s59    4.61816393
## s60   -1.53538748
## s61   -8.78850745
## s62    1.36509713
## s63   -8.39174391
## s64    3.60307440
## s65  -11.25208893
## s66   -1.31340652
## s67   -4.61503589
## s68   -2.66794678
## s69    3.56482888
## s70    8.40970924
## s71   -4.16925423
## s72   -8.83976312
## s73   -9.81868936
## s74    1.40258791
## s75   -2.88439542
## s76   -0.84655366
## s77    3.99764272
## s78   -5.75316399
## s79   -6.24224007
## s80    6.39625666
## s81    3.54658925
## s82    5.73704838
## s83    7.75176805
## s84    7.56696843
## s85  -10.11964997
## s86   -9.96441055
## s87   -3.23972507
## s88   -4.70034794
## s89    1.20269853
## s90    8.71712990
## s91    7.83078519
## s92   -7.95706133
## s93    5.56955590
## s94   -8.32756005
## s95   -4.66652660
## s96    2.96646219
## s97    3.31559968
## s98  -11.95260985
## s99  -10.18398290
## s100 -20.82118897
## s101  -8.22737899
## s102 -14.29541896
## s103  11.81983300
## s104  22.42320993
## s105   2.06135988
## s106 -14.67607014
## s107  -7.58268340
## s108  -3.17511188
## s109   5.27828903
## s110  14.20250750
## s111  11.39954055
## s112   3.59972812
## s113  -5.09169713
## s114   0.65032801
## s115   1.60533792
## s116   4.01954729
## s117  -5.51861598
## s118  21.63521717
## s119   0.29203380
## s120  -6.79267595
## s121  -1.12515999
## s122   2.32044763
## s123   8.59125612
## s124  13.00073898
## s125  11.83719191
## s126   4.18327384
## s127  -3.45440626
## s128   4.48522046
## s129   4.26506407
## s130   7.41325466
## s131   7.21693533
## s132   6.54430396
## s133  16.01006604
## s134   1.62241040
## s135   8.06820807
## s136   5.96081224
## s137   8.83833826
## s138   8.72985950
## s139  -7.86239803
## s140   0.77833533
## s141  -4.55359983
## s142  -8.08896614
## s143  -2.65142054
## s144  21.48204145
## s145  13.54022630
## s146  32.81280146
## s147  12.13861445
## s148  16.76408889
## s149  11.00514208
## s150  11.97777356
## s151  10.23097784
## s152  16.97105275
## s153  -4.06605961
## s154   5.16193255
## s155   8.51991802
## s156  -0.33877794
## s157  16.56480186
## s158  19.91815994
## s159  16.06335580
## s160  19.93619458
## s161  23.61266969
## s162   6.34656318
## s163  12.27984110
## s164   3.74073120
## s165  28.19571659
## s166  34.27865794
## s167   7.93572720
## s168  20.14784906
## s169   2.67768830
## s170   3.39915036
## s171  14.15285244
## s172   7.56542560
## s173  13.07838148
## s174  11.78106310
## s175   2.84385148
## s176 -12.46781771
## s177   3.38628760
## s178  -5.86384012
## s179  -1.85297347
## s180 -12.12571278
## s181 -15.38396317
## s182  -6.88497127
## s183 -10.79117418
## s184   8.42295365
## s185   3.81777322
## s186  14.41968988
## s187   8.71937536
## s188  13.35241398
## s189  12.14044801
## s190   0.89757331
## s191   3.81503990
## s192  11.53740048
## s193   3.06070657
## s194   9.55270876
## s195  15.17009463
## s196  19.36697114
## s197  13.65442119
## s198  17.72223523
## s199  12.24465311
## s200  22.60889814
## s201  18.15173022
## s202  15.46082898
## s203  16.31807653
## s204  -1.62684658
## s205  -2.91058814
## s206   4.64985434
## s207  -1.73788437
## s208 -11.88671191
## s209 -34.55434101
## s210 -18.85992119
## s211 -25.35411731
## s212 -18.09027336
## s213 -16.49955352
## s214 -11.43239810
## s215  -5.21188327
## s216 -21.49149913
## s217 -12.18677393
## s218  -9.35611599
## s219  -7.94366243
## s220  -7.44240524
## s221   0.61005315
## s222  -5.27741616
## s223  -3.12180648
## s224  -2.11230701
## s225 -15.16755451
## s226 -14.79396671
## s227   1.16218679
## s228  -8.50231630
## s229  -7.42278686
## s230   7.40925711
## s231   2.93635347
## s232 -14.99553722
## s233 -17.45147372
## s234 -11.06836096
## s235 -12.28925461
## s236 -15.15928552
## s237  -1.17423487
## s238   3.93826589
## s239 -12.91207270
## s240 -13.98285601
## s241  -3.94134772
## s242  -1.96363600
## s243  -8.68689640
## s244  -3.20291537
## s245  -1.32066330
## s246  -8.48049415
## s247 -14.53117625
## s248 -11.89676528
## s249 -10.12810557
## s250  -3.07357242
## s251  11.47852808
## s252  -7.71611094
## s253 -14.69555089
## s254  -9.65066889
## s255 -14.10449131
## s256  -4.44297173
## s257  -3.64289585
## s258  10.80472876
## s259  12.07604009
## s260  -9.43646956
## s261  -4.34013392
## s262  -6.86101681
## s263  -2.05890940
## s264 -11.35362995
## s265   1.02173269
## s266 -16.46138754
## s267 -17.05526062
## s268  -1.03786754
## s269  -2.51305778
## s270   6.67938413
## s271  -4.27375956
## s272  11.61766310
## s273  -7.25976929
## s274  -4.46956094
## s275 -10.63323503
## s276  -7.32952420
## s277   7.12042706
## s278  -4.86888235
## s279   0.79707701
## s280  -5.89717718
## s281 -16.58973965
## s282  -7.14488850
## s283 -15.58062231
## s284 -20.36239502
## s285 -17.89649144
## s286 -19.71531297
## s287  -8.87619104
## s288 -18.66001649
## s289  -1.80762526
## s290   0.50015895
## s291  -3.95486869
## s292  -3.34882589
## s293   2.21324366
## s294   6.90389151
## s295  -4.39108294
## s296  -6.09735957
## s297 -11.77800237
## s298  -1.97232884
## s299  -9.65212348
## s300   0.11349890
## s301   1.18379416
## s302 -10.76519132
## s303  -4.16288539
## s304  -3.10285789
## s305  -9.23177797
## s306  -0.12151806
## s307  -3.40646565
## s308 -11.35257966
## s309  -6.39960971
## s310  -9.52654032
## s311  -5.51393075
## s312   0.83619338
## s313  -4.08983296
## s314   3.67275951
## s315  -0.08242832
## s316 -12.08616682
## s317   2.91680294
## s318  -3.93073306
## s319  -8.01971128
## s320  -3.40881117
## s321   4.54358359
## s322  -5.00718868
## s323 -10.91502771
## s324 -12.84374924
## s325 -23.01612327
## s326  -6.65628934
## s327   2.48354832
## s328  -4.64843499
## s329  -1.78470180
## s330 -10.43432871
## s331  -5.49469424
## s332 -17.46183832
## s333 -22.90502577
## s334   2.62847601
## s335  23.01676905
## s336  18.48824973
## s337  -0.75629702
## s338   2.47486703
## s339   2.48665606
## s340   6.42353251
## s341   6.42197949
## s342   6.95522618
## s343  16.83360143
## s344  -8.53275817
## s345   0.12797564
## s346   0.35957591
## s347   2.53313484
## s348   1.97810544
## s349   9.34497032
## s350 -10.99416861
## s351 -13.63501980
## s352  -0.09250644
## s353  -8.96483344
## s354 -19.44184440
## s355   3.88194873
## s356  18.69262114
## s357   8.90101823
## s358   0.69664597
## s359   8.44883556
## s360  -2.98276569
## s361  -8.78553384
## s362  13.64601424
## s363  12.00914555
## s364   4.37740181
## s365  -6.88997498
## 
## Error measures:
##                      ME     RMSE      MAE       MPE     MAPE      MASE     ACF1
## Training set -0.2337277 19.34958 14.47599 -8.894566 27.82532 0.7206301 0.127432
## 
## Forecasts:
##           Point Forecast       Lo 80     Hi 80        Lo 95     Hi 95
## 2021.4192       44.32574  19.5237851  69.12769   6.39442496  82.25705
## 2021.4219       48.63497  23.7522444  73.51770  10.58012330  86.68982
## 2021.4247       53.44588  28.4826371  78.40913  15.26789347  91.62387
## 2021.4274       53.88127  28.8377637  78.92477  15.58053444  92.18200
## 2021.4301       69.34784  44.2243331  94.47134  30.92475401 107.77092
## 2021.4329       61.95531  36.7520599  87.15856  23.41026540 100.50035
## 2021.4356       61.55933  36.2765888  86.84208  22.89271204 100.22596
## 2021.4384       48.57527  23.2132836  73.93727   9.78745640  87.36309
## 2021.4411       51.74919  26.3081973  77.19018  12.84055044  90.65783
## 2021.4438       52.77983  27.2600805  78.29957  13.75074337  91.80891
## 2021.4466       53.52176  27.9235012  79.12002  14.37260213  92.67092
## 2021.4493       53.24269  27.5661552  78.91922  13.97382125  92.51155
## 2021.4521       52.13289  26.3783212  77.88745  12.74467824  91.52109
## 2021.4548       50.47325  24.6408847  76.30561  10.96605760  89.98044
## 2021.4575       44.06417  18.1542418  69.97410   4.43835417  83.68999
## 2021.4603       61.93556  35.9483002  87.92282  22.19147458 101.67965
## 2021.4630       53.06136  26.9969979  79.12573  13.19935582  92.92337
## 2021.4658       46.92358  20.7823332  73.06482   6.94399500  86.90316
## 2021.4685       38.31129  12.0933969  64.52919  -1.78551817  78.40810
## 2021.4712       41.92869  15.6343697  68.22301   1.71499615  82.14239
## 2021.4740       43.78374  17.4132155  70.15427   3.45350074  84.11399
## 2021.4767       32.17995   5.7334306  58.62646  -8.26650917  72.62640
## 2021.4795       46.50286  19.9805758  73.02515   5.94052634  87.06520
## 2021.4822       53.80702  27.2091808  80.40486  13.12913583  94.48490
## 2021.4849       57.46709  30.7939086  84.14026  16.67398142  98.26019
## 2021.4877       51.28219  24.5338878  78.03050  10.37419070  92.19019
## 2021.4904       61.56230  34.7390756  88.38552  20.53972002 102.58487
## 2021.4932       56.30167  29.4037416  83.19960  15.16483800  97.43850
## 2021.4959       49.50854  22.5361054  76.48097   8.25776331  90.75931
## 2021.4986       47.59638  20.5496505  74.64310   6.23197858  88.96077
## 2021.5014       49.93659  22.8157760  77.05741   8.45888202  91.41431
## 2021.5041       48.42152  21.2268106  75.61623   6.83080132  90.01224
## 2021.5068       52.44078  25.1723776  79.70918  10.73735906  94.14419
## 2021.5096       37.74071  10.3988161  65.08260  -4.07510658  79.55652
## 2021.5123       36.10017   8.6849873  63.51536  -5.82773522  78.02808
## 2021.5151       35.26975   7.7814607  62.75803  -6.76995819  77.30945
## 2021.5178       39.99296  12.4317749  67.55415  -2.15823768  82.14417
## 2021.5205       42.70573  15.0718225  70.33963   0.44331793  84.96813
## 2021.5233       51.05166  23.3452310  78.75808   8.67833551  93.42498
## 2021.5260       48.16663  20.3878716  75.94539   5.68268545  90.65057
## 2021.5288       65.33105  37.4801489  93.18195  22.73677152 107.92533
## 2021.5315       48.11537  20.1925046  76.03823   5.41103466  90.81970
## 2021.5342       40.35598  12.3613418  68.35061  -2.45812272  83.17008
## 2021.5370       47.93274  19.8665186  75.99897   5.00915653  90.85633
## 2021.5397       54.60616  26.4685230  82.74379  11.57335994  97.63895
## 2021.5425       56.81003  28.6011675  85.01889  13.66829905  99.95176
## 2021.5452       43.28111  15.0012053  71.56102   0.03072647  86.53150
## 2021.5479       62.86873  34.5179518  91.21951  19.50995677 106.22750
## 2021.5507       52.86889  24.4474232  81.29036   9.40200556  96.33578
## 2021.5534       40.46917  11.9771770  68.96115  -3.10557042  84.04390
## 2021.5562       43.59770  15.0353640  72.16003  -0.08462094  87.28001
## 2021.5589       45.13553  16.5030275  73.76803   1.34589639  88.92516
## 2021.5616       48.98736  20.2848553  77.68986   5.09066894  92.88404
## 2021.5644       51.00589  22.2335555  79.77822   7.00240395  95.00937
## 2021.5671       56.63985  27.7978564  85.48184  12.52982923 100.74986
## 2021.5699       52.56429  23.6528104  81.47577   8.34799640  96.78059
## 2021.5726       36.15810   7.1772934  65.13891  -8.16421918  80.48042
## 2021.5753       40.95593  11.9059599  70.00589  -3.47216364  85.38402
## 2021.5781       55.78091  26.6619521  84.89988  11.24730450 100.31452
## 2021.5808       49.63775  20.4499565  78.82555   4.99887119  94.27663
## 2021.5836       42.39502  13.1385543  71.65149  -2.34888300  87.13892
## 2021.5863       52.55901  23.2340375  81.88399   7.71033328  97.40769
## 2021.5890       42.81256  13.4192347  72.20589  -2.14065185  87.76577
## 2021.5918       54.81777  25.3562498  84.27928   9.76026488  99.87527
## 2021.5945       39.97299  10.4434408  69.50254  -5.18855919  85.13454
## 2021.5973       49.92206  20.3246339  79.51949   4.65670165  95.18742
## 2021.6000       46.63082  16.9656705  76.29597   1.26188824  91.99975
## 2021.6027       48.58830  18.8555799  78.32102   3.11602922  94.06057
## 2021.6055       54.83146  25.0313290  84.63160   9.25609105 100.40683
## 2021.6082       59.68673  29.8193349  89.55413  14.00849029 105.36497
## 2021.6110       47.11816  17.1836482  77.05266   1.33727685  92.89904
## 2021.6137       42.45804  12.4565662  72.45951  -3.42525241  88.34132
## 2021.6164       41.48950  11.4212159  71.55778  -4.49597097  87.47497
## 2021.6192       52.72116  22.5862173  82.85611   6.63374054  98.80859
## 2021.6219       48.44457  18.2431053  78.64603   2.25541648  94.63372
## 2021.6247       50.49280  20.2249645  80.76063   4.20214107  96.78346
## 2021.6274       55.34738  25.0133236  85.68144   8.95544239 101.73932
## 2021.6301       45.60696  15.2068238  76.00711  -0.88603875  92.09997
## 2021.6329       45.12828  14.6621980  75.59436  -1.46557005  91.72212
## 2021.6356       57.77716  27.2452874  88.30904  11.08268924 104.47163
## 2021.6384       54.93788  24.3403541  85.53541   8.14300078 101.73277
## 2021.6411       57.13873  26.4756880  87.80177  10.24365384 104.03381
## 2021.6438       59.16384  28.4354221  89.89225  12.16878106 106.15890
## 2021.6466       58.98943  28.1957756  89.78308  11.89460125 106.08425
## 2021.6493       41.31320  10.4544483  72.17195  -5.88118643  88.50758
## 2021.6521       41.47882  10.5551159  72.40253  -5.81490672  88.77256
## 2021.6548       48.21390  17.2253657  79.20243   0.82102731  95.60677
## 2021.6575       46.76366  15.7104424  77.81689  -0.72814005  94.25547
## 2021.6603       52.67710  21.5593230  83.79487   5.08656759 100.26763
## 2021.6630       60.20192  29.0197221  91.38411  12.51286452 107.89097
## 2021.6658       59.32596  28.0794780  90.57245  11.53858849 107.11334
## 2021.6685       43.54850  12.2378640  74.85914  -4.33698747  91.43400
## 2021.6712       57.08551  25.7108450  88.46017   9.10210095 105.06892
## 2021.6740       43.19878  11.7602232  74.63734  -4.88234441  91.27991
## 2021.6767       46.87020  15.3678804  78.37253  -1.30844217  95.04885
## 2021.6795       54.51358  22.9476217  86.07954   6.23761240 102.78955
## 2021.6822       54.87311  23.2436397  86.50257   6.50001148 103.24620
## 2021.6849       39.61529   7.9224380  71.30813  -8.85474184  88.08531
## 2021.6877       41.39430   9.6381993  73.15040  -7.17246521  89.96107
## 2021.6904       30.76748  -1.0517467  62.58671 -17.89582930  79.43079
## 2021.6932       43.37168  11.4894483  75.25391  -5.38798617  92.13135
## 2021.6959       37.31403   5.3689177  69.25914 -11.54180295  86.16986
## 2021.6986       63.43967  31.4318025  95.44754  14.48786110 112.39148
## 2021.7014       74.05343  41.9829350 106.12393  25.00583795 123.10103
## 2021.7041       53.70197  21.5689627  85.83498   4.55877450 102.84517
## 2021.7068       36.97493   4.7795318  69.17033 -12.26368328  86.21355
## 2021.7096       44.07871  11.8210383  76.33637  -5.25513977  93.41255
## 2021.7123       48.49667  16.1768495  80.81648  -0.93222800  97.92556
## 2021.7151       56.96046  24.5786094  89.34230   7.43669558 106.48422
## 2021.7178       65.89506  33.4513055  98.33882  16.27661810 115.51351
## 2021.7205       63.10248  30.5969341  95.60803  13.38953552 112.81543
## 2021.7233       55.31306  22.7458344  87.88028   5.50578679 105.12033
## 2021.7260       46.63202  14.0032385  79.26081  -3.26939647  96.53344
## 2021.7288       52.38444  19.6942089  85.07466   2.38904794 102.37982
## 2021.7315       53.34983  20.5982793  86.10139   3.26065341 103.43902
## 2021.7342       55.77443  22.9616639  88.58720   5.59163365 105.95723
## 2021.7370       46.24666  13.3727897  79.12052  -4.02958444  96.52290
## 2021.7397       73.41088  40.4760254 106.34573  23.04136724 123.78039
## 2021.7425       52.07808  19.0823572  85.07381   1.61547480 102.54069
## 2021.7452       45.00376  11.9472747  78.06025  -5.55177259  95.55930
## 2021.7479       50.68167  17.5645295  83.79880   0.03337622 101.32996
## 2021.7507       54.13766  20.9599868  87.31534   3.39678626 104.87854
## 2021.7534       60.41886  27.1807552  93.65696   9.58556579 111.25215
## 2021.7562       64.83873  31.5403076  98.13715  13.91318742 115.76427
## 2021.7589       63.68557  30.3269392  97.04420  12.66794591 114.70320
## 2021.7616       56.04204  22.6233082  89.46078   4.93249931 107.15158
## 2021.7644       48.41475  14.9360231  81.89348  -2.78654431  99.61604
## 2021.7671       56.36476  22.8261522  89.90338   5.07188301 107.65765
## 2021.7699       56.15500  22.5566049  89.75339   4.77069046 107.53930
## 2021.7726       59.31358  25.6555107  92.97164   7.83800728 110.78914
## 2021.7753       59.12764  25.4100122  92.84528   7.56097569 110.69431
## 2021.7781       58.46540  24.6883067  92.24250   6.80779271 110.12301
## 2021.7808       67.94155  34.1050992 101.77801  16.19316301 119.68994
## 2021.7836       53.56428  19.6685779  87.45999   1.72527455 105.40330
## 2021.7863       60.02047  26.0656133  93.97533   8.09099755 111.94994
## 2021.7890       57.92346  23.9095581  91.93737   5.90368436 109.94324
## 2021.7918       60.81138  26.7385271  94.88423   8.70144952 112.92131
## 2021.7945       60.71329  26.5815930  94.84498   8.51336558 112.91321
## 2021.7973       44.13142   9.9409815  78.32185  -8.15834224  96.42118
## 2021.8000       52.78254  18.5334616  87.03162   0.40309492 105.16198
## 2021.8027       47.46099  13.1533735  81.76861  -5.00798315  99.92997
## 2021.8055       43.93601   9.5699539  78.30208  -8.62233986  96.49437
## 2021.8082       49.38395  14.9595454  83.80835  -3.26363291 102.03153
## 2021.8110       73.52780  39.0451521 108.01045  20.79114139 126.26446
## 2021.8137       65.59637  31.0555798 100.13716  12.77078875 118.42196
## 2021.8164       84.87934  50.2804955 119.47818  31.96497586 137.79370
## 2021.8192       64.21554  29.5587463  98.87233  11.21254950 117.21852
## 2021.8219       68.85140  34.1367553 103.56604  15.75993254 121.94287
## 2021.8247       63.10284  28.3304392  97.87524   9.92304154 116.28264
## 2021.8274       64.08586  29.2557973  98.91592  10.81787531 117.35385
## 2021.8301       62.34945  27.4618234  97.23708   8.99342762 115.70548
## 2021.8329       69.09992  34.1548151 104.04502  15.65599561 122.54384
## 2021.8356       48.07319  13.0707138  83.07567  -5.45847936 101.60486
## 2021.8384       57.31157  22.2518109  92.37134   3.69229380 110.93085
## 2021.8411       60.67995  25.5629948  95.79690   6.97320318 114.38669
## 2021.8438       51.83164  16.6575902  87.00569  -1.96242667 105.62571
## 2021.8466       68.74561  33.5145540 103.97666  14.86436077 122.62685
## 2021.8493       72.10935  36.8213880 107.39732  18.14106730 126.07764
## 2021.8521       68.26494  32.9201516 103.60972  14.20975178 122.32012
## 2021.8548       72.14817  36.7466492 107.54968  18.00621865 126.29011
## 2021.8575       75.83503  40.3768739 111.29318  21.60646067 130.06360
## 2021.8603       58.57931  23.0646074  94.09401   4.26425920 112.89436
## 2021.8630       64.52298  28.9518151 100.09414  10.12157965 118.92437
## 2021.8658       55.99426  20.3667245  91.62179   1.50664910 110.48186
## 2021.8685       80.45963  44.7758183 116.14344  25.88595004 135.03331
## 2021.8712       86.55296  50.8129566 122.29296  31.89334247 141.21257
## 2021.8740       60.22042  24.4243111  96.01652   5.47499771 114.96583
## 2021.8767       72.44293  36.5908059 108.29505  17.61183981 127.27401
## 2021.8795       54.98315  19.0751055  90.89120   0.06653295 109.89977
## 2021.8822       55.71500  19.7511149  91.67889   0.71298191 110.71703
## 2021.8849       66.47909  30.4594509 102.49874  11.39180329 121.56639
## 2021.8877       59.90206  23.8267441  95.97737   4.72962753 115.07448
## 2021.8904       65.42540  29.2945058 101.55629  10.16796567 120.68283
## 2021.8932       64.13847  27.9520787 100.32486   8.79616012 119.48078
## 2021.8959       55.21165  18.9698432  91.45345  -0.21540870 110.63870
## 2021.8986       39.91037   3.6132348  76.20750 -15.60130573  95.42204
## 2021.9014       55.77486  19.4224851  92.12723   0.17870054 111.37102
## 2021.9041       46.53512  10.1275863  82.94265  -9.14539802 102.21564
## 2021.9068       50.55638  14.0937652  87.01899  -5.20837461 106.32112
## 2021.9096       40.29402   3.7764212  76.81163 -15.55483011  96.14288
## 2021.9123       37.04616   0.4736488  73.61868 -18.88667022  92.97899
## 2021.9151       45.55554   8.9282011  82.18288 -10.46114216 101.57223
## 2021.9178       41.65973   4.9776405  78.34181 -14.44068356  97.76014
## 2021.9205       60.88424  24.1474922  97.62100   4.70023053 117.06826
## 2021.9233       56.28945  19.4981168  93.08079   0.02196059 112.55694
## 2021.9260       66.90176  30.0559194 103.74759  10.55091140 123.25260
## 2021.9288       61.21183  24.3115714  98.11209   4.77775415 117.64591
## 2021.9315       65.85526  28.9006566 102.80986   9.33807261 122.37244
## 2021.9342       64.65368  27.6448170 101.66254   8.05350851 121.25385
## 2021.9370       53.42119  16.3581482  90.48424  -3.26184283 110.10423
## 2021.9397       56.34905  19.2318997  93.46620  -0.41673191 113.11483
## 2021.9425       64.08180  26.9106240 101.25297   7.23339344 120.93020
## 2021.9452       55.61549  18.3903721  92.84061  -1.31541580 112.54640
## 2021.9479       62.11788  24.8388945  99.39687   5.10459046 119.13117
## 2021.9507       67.74566  30.4128782 105.07843  10.65009927 124.84121
## 2021.9534       71.95292  34.5664300 109.33941  14.77521708 129.13063
## 2021.9562       66.25076  28.8106324 103.69089   8.99102628 123.51049
## 2021.9589       70.32896  32.8352755 107.82265  12.98731682 127.67061
## 2021.9616       64.86177  27.3145988 102.40894   7.43832804 122.28521
## 2021.9644       75.23640  37.6358254 112.83698  17.73128276 132.74152
## 2021.9671       70.78962  33.1357147 108.44353  13.20294037 128.37630
## 2021.9699       68.10911  30.4019462 105.81627  10.44098002 125.77724
## 2021.9726       68.97674  31.2164016 106.73709  11.22728334 126.72621
## 2021.9753       51.04221  13.2287611  88.85566  -6.78846963 108.87289
## 2021.9781       49.76886  11.9023766  87.63534  -8.14292714 107.68064
## 2021.9808       57.33969  19.4202503  95.25912  -0.65308719 115.33246
## 2021.9836       50.96234  12.9900167  88.93466  -7.11131547 109.03599
## 2021.9863       40.82390   2.7987678  78.84903 -17.33052009  98.97832
## 2021.9890       18.16666 -19.9112094  56.24452 -40.06841427  76.40173
## 2021.9918       33.87147  -4.2590647  72.00200 -24.44414799  92.18708
autoplot(fcast) +
  ggtitle("Forecasts of Daily Car Crashes Using Holt Winters (With Pandemic Data)") +
  xlab("Year") + ylab("Crashes")

STLF Forecasting and Time Series (With Pandemic Data)

crashests2 %>% mstl() %>%
  autoplot()

m <- crashests2 %>%
  stlf(lambda = 0, h = 210) 

m %>%
  autoplot() + 
  ggtitle("Seasonal and Trend Decomposition Using Loess Forecasting Model for Daily Car Crashes (With Pandemic Data)") +
  xlab("Year") + ylab("Crashes")

m %>% summary()
## 
## Forecast method: STL +  ETS(A,Ad,N)
## 
## Model Information:
## ETS(A,Ad,N) 
## 
## Call:
##  ets(y = na.interp(x), model = etsmodel, allow.multiplicative.trend = allow.multiplicative.trend) 
## 
##   Smoothing parameters:
##     alpha = 0.1082 
##     beta  = 1e-04 
##     phi   = 0.8299 
## 
##   Initial states:
##     l = 2.444 
##     b = 0.373 
## 
##   sigma:  0.2774
## 
##      AIC     AICc      BIC 
## 12177.40 12177.43 12211.95 
## 
## Error measures:
##                    ME     RMSE     MAE       MPE     MAPE      MASE      ACF1
## Training set 1.759659 15.91581 12.2582 -4.347864 22.19212 0.6102258 0.1667343
## 
## Forecasts:
##           Point Forecast    Lo 80     Hi 80    Lo 95     Hi 95
## 2021.4192       51.12419 35.83039  72.94597 29.68455  88.04859
## 2021.4219       53.32041 37.29208  76.23781 30.86156  92.12321
## 2021.4247       55.11632 38.46850  78.96872 31.80030  95.52765
## 2021.4274       50.91162 35.46078  73.09466 29.28202  88.51824
## 2021.4301       65.97264 45.85700  94.91220 37.82576 115.06416
## 2021.4329       60.25931 41.80043  86.86953 34.44246 105.42754
## 2021.4356       58.61464 40.57719  84.67014 33.39866 102.86867
## 2021.4384       52.85744 36.51788  76.50797 30.02540  93.05152
## 2021.4411       54.33807 37.46551  78.80917 30.77183  95.95225
## 2021.4438       53.90318 37.09149  78.33477 30.43243  95.47557
## 2021.4466       53.53410 36.76437  77.95320 30.13231  95.11053
## 2021.4493       53.41694 36.61143  77.93658 29.97556  95.18986
## 2021.4521       56.42912 38.59991  82.49358 31.57073 100.86068
## 2021.4548       53.07236 36.23274  77.73842 29.60393  95.14535
## 2021.4575       49.68933 33.85710  72.92500 27.63439  89.34623
## 2021.4603       60.94827 41.44824  89.62241 33.79563 109.91630
## 2021.4630       52.03115 35.31590  76.65782 28.76612  94.11209
## 2021.4658       49.11755 33.27437  72.50425 27.07569  89.10330
## 2021.4685       42.43485 28.69236  62.75945 23.32366  77.20557
## 2021.4712       42.95000 28.98551  63.64222 23.53826  78.37037
## 2021.4740       45.72750 30.80162  67.88618 24.98803  83.68025
## 2021.4767       35.44647 23.83149  52.72235 19.31420  65.05329
## 2021.4795       46.71909 31.35152  69.61938 25.38359  85.98756
## 2021.4822       49.73869 33.31565  74.25750 26.94722  91.80678
## 2021.4849       52.05751 34.80414  77.86386 28.12351  96.36010
## 2021.4877       52.53300 35.05717  78.72044 28.30027  97.51554
## 2021.4904       57.12650 38.05250  85.76145 30.68837 106.34118
## 2021.4932       58.67845 39.01473  88.25285 31.43389 109.53659
## 2021.4959       52.71135 34.98340  79.42299 28.15868  98.67248
## 2021.4986       50.65779 33.55951  76.46750 26.98662  95.09202
## 2021.5014       49.27077 32.58170  74.50837 26.17525  92.74444
## 2021.5041       46.90884 30.96402  71.06439 24.85197  88.54186
## 2021.5068       49.85250 32.84818  75.65935 26.33921  94.35636
## 2021.5096       33.54548 22.06396  51.00170 17.67521  63.66540
## 2021.5123       44.92317 29.49498  68.42152 23.60591  85.49093
## 2021.5151       45.04515 29.52279  68.72881 23.60605  85.95535
## 2021.5178       45.03322 29.46301  68.83178 23.53628  86.16446
## 2021.5205       48.08065 31.40164  73.61873 25.06165  92.24248
## 2021.5233       52.80163 34.42471  80.98867 27.44896 101.57075
## 2021.5260       49.82308 32.42632  76.55321 25.83171  96.09657
## 2021.5288       62.24278 40.43927  95.80201 32.18550 120.36983
## 2021.5315       52.05824 33.76401  80.26476 26.84813 100.94036
## 2021.5342       51.56018 33.38352  79.63366 26.52142 100.23790
## 2021.5370       55.77850 36.05294  86.29646 28.61618 108.72316
## 2021.5397       53.74950 34.68226  83.29934 27.50338 105.04197
## 2021.5425       56.67828 36.50997  87.98768 28.92674 111.05392
## 2021.5452       49.78755 32.01697  77.42143 25.34423  97.80531
## 2021.5479       58.42863 37.51050  91.01199 29.66633 115.07675
## 2021.5507       54.68779 35.04998  85.32826 27.69571 107.98618
## 2021.5534       51.69652 33.07744  80.79617 26.11390 102.34129
## 2021.5562       48.30891 30.85841  75.62770 24.34053  95.87919
## 2021.5589       52.21681 33.29930  81.88145 26.24277 103.89890
## 2021.5616       52.28729 33.28910  82.12780 26.21175 104.30283
## 2021.5644       51.42809 32.68813  80.91159 25.71609 102.84800
## 2021.5671       58.64339 37.21304  92.41513 29.25043 117.57255
## 2021.5699       58.28170 36.92302  91.99565 28.99732 117.14036
## 2021.5726       47.70745 30.17468  75.42751 23.67709  96.12673
## 2021.5753       52.53867 33.17642  83.20103 26.01006 106.12478
## 2021.5781       59.16287 37.29891  93.84311 29.21700 119.80169
## 2021.5808       56.71432 35.69756  90.10460 27.93874 115.12738
## 2021.5836       50.44723 31.70184  80.27682 24.79037 102.65773
## 2021.5863       58.14424 36.48023  92.67354 28.50280 118.61123
## 2021.5890       50.77892 31.80831  81.06369 24.83151 103.83978
## 2021.5918       61.13979 38.23751  97.75936 29.82539 125.33194
## 2021.5945       46.94565 29.31378  75.18287 22.84566  96.46885
## 2021.5973       56.47330 35.20731  90.58442 27.41580 116.32827
## 2021.6000       51.61730 32.12923  82.92589 24.99805 106.58211
## 2021.6027       53.34430 33.15209  85.83515 25.77244 110.41307
## 2021.6055       59.84937 37.13663  96.45323 28.84610 124.17441
## 2021.6082       65.06713 40.31129 105.02595 31.28618 135.32272
## 2021.6110       59.90320 37.05437  96.84129 28.73477 124.87983
## 2021.6137       52.96110 32.70944  85.75136 25.34456 110.66983
## 2021.6164       51.25679 31.60794  83.12020 24.47105 107.36190
## 2021.6192       56.89543 35.03104  92.40633 27.09913 119.45368
## 2021.6219       54.04153 33.22281  87.90609 25.67943 113.72864
## 2021.6247       54.05792 33.18204  88.06748 25.62715 114.02981
## 2021.6274       64.67453 39.63823 105.52427 30.58867 136.74330
## 2021.6301       59.97863 36.70428  98.01134 28.30175 127.11004
## 2021.6329       54.26139 33.15526  88.80336 25.54466 115.26080
## 2021.6356       62.55522 38.16527 102.53184 29.38113 133.18600
## 2021.6384       60.72714 36.99414  99.68567 28.45683 129.59228
## 2021.6411       57.89103 35.21346  95.17303 27.06554 123.82428
## 2021.6438       60.30451 36.62659  99.28946 28.12937 129.28245
## 2021.6466       64.95588 39.39276 107.10768 30.22989 139.57270
## 2021.6493       53.83268 32.59845  88.89861 24.99624 115.93572
## 2021.6521       49.92441 30.18694  82.56707 23.12892 107.76323
## 2021.6548       50.19708 30.30690  83.14104 23.20264 108.59743
## 2021.6575       55.00951 33.16344  91.24643 25.36975 119.27774
## 2021.6603       56.40176 33.95277  93.69364 25.95334 122.57222
## 2021.6630       61.82053 37.16018 102.84604 28.38301 134.65018
## 2021.6658       63.96493 38.39294 106.56937 29.30189 139.63306
## 2021.6685       56.55375 33.89512  94.35951 25.84912 123.73058
## 2021.6712       63.56377 38.04113 106.21012 28.98861 139.37723
## 2021.6740       49.44742 29.54998  82.74278 22.50078 108.66499
## 2021.6767       41.80321 24.94564  70.05265 18.98028  92.06971
## 2021.6795       45.10480 26.87702  75.69451 20.43418  99.56079
## 2021.6822       50.50187 30.04975  84.87387 22.82896 111.71945
## 2021.6849       50.19460 29.82410  84.47862 22.64032 111.28368
## 2021.6877       54.58355 32.38549  91.99686 24.56613 121.27931
## 2021.6904       45.14639 26.74804  76.19985 20.27450 100.53005
## 2021.6932       49.27891 29.15492  83.29333 22.08223 109.97127
## 2021.6959       45.44995 26.85145  76.93058 20.32228 101.64694
## 2021.6986       60.10919 35.46177 101.88758 26.81882 134.72309
## 2021.7014       68.53480 40.37547 116.33347 30.51211 153.93948
## 2021.7041       59.45764 34.97861 101.06777 26.41396 133.83871
## 2021.7068       44.90662 26.38125  76.44082 19.90689 101.30182
## 2021.7096       50.93889 29.88314  86.83059 22.53265 115.15602
## 2021.7123       50.78720 29.75256  86.69303 22.41761 115.05865
## 2021.7151       56.18382 32.86822  96.03870 24.74690 127.55624
## 2021.7178       59.03243 34.48674 101.04835 25.94641 134.30870
## 2021.7205       67.44660 39.34772 115.61139 29.58189 153.77799
## 2021.7233       63.89489 37.22418 109.67487 27.96493 145.98847
## 2021.7260       57.56256 33.48885  98.94184 25.14037 131.79789
## 2021.7288       61.83734 35.92638 106.43588 26.95062 141.88379
## 2021.7315       56.34255 32.68913  97.11128 24.50435 129.54774
## 2021.7342       59.87933 34.69360 103.34857 25.98810 137.96829
## 2021.7370       53.57029 30.99585  92.58581 23.20144 123.68957
## 2021.7397       68.69285 39.69170 118.88399 29.68916 158.93703
## 2021.7425       58.95674 34.01979 102.17279 25.42832 136.69396
## 2021.7452       56.10180 32.32857  97.35699 24.14688 130.34450
## 2021.7479       55.74613 32.08022  96.87062 23.94424 129.78617
## 2021.7507       58.13701 33.41102 101.16159 24.91973 135.63195
## 2021.7534       61.91646 35.53522 107.88308 26.48521 144.74679
## 2021.7562       65.14307 37.33690 113.65752 27.80828 152.60273
## 2021.7589       65.41755 37.44406 114.28931 27.86833 153.55978
## 2021.7616       61.79191 35.32159 108.09931 26.27008 145.34559
## 2021.7644       57.25065 32.68214 100.28832 24.28987 134.93841
## 2021.7671       61.89882 35.28866 108.57493 26.20863 146.19090
## 2021.7699       58.33552 33.21314 102.46043 24.64985 138.05489
## 2021.7726       60.82222 34.58316 106.96947 25.64867 144.23134
## 2021.7753       62.35931 35.41037 109.81764 26.24384 148.17513
## 2021.7781       60.84373 34.50430 107.28981 25.55449 144.86531
## 2021.7808       70.16837 39.74003 123.89523 29.41171 167.40273
## 2021.7836       60.19786 34.04855 106.42984 25.18195 143.90394
## 2021.7863       61.30784 34.63106 108.53413 25.59504 146.85076
## 2021.7890       60.35785 34.04998 106.99185 25.14821 144.86401
## 2021.7918       58.75919 33.10500 104.29368 24.43343 141.30811
## 2021.7945       57.93955 32.60084 102.97252 24.04480 139.61402
## 2021.7973       51.42182 28.89604  91.50745 21.29770 124.15438
## 2021.8000       54.62466 30.65619  97.33281 22.57956 132.14846
## 2021.8027       47.64967 26.70725  85.01404 19.65756 115.50215
## 2021.8055       45.96875 25.73196  82.12066 18.92681 111.64718
## 2021.8082       47.87531 26.76480  85.63654 19.67313 116.50638
## 2021.8110       65.14675 36.37380 116.68012 26.71797 158.84812
## 2021.8137       60.56773 33.77395 108.61773 24.79150 147.97213
## 2021.8164       76.54817 42.63058 137.45113 31.27150 187.37897
## 2021.8192       64.02708 35.61208 115.11453 26.10550 157.03459
## 2021.8219       70.44053 39.12952 126.80628 28.66469 173.10037
## 2021.8247       65.67353 36.43525 118.37474 26.67307 161.69914
## 2021.8274       63.38765 35.12260 114.39910 25.69492 156.37312
## 2021.8301       65.86431 36.44887 119.01900 26.64737 162.79683
## 2021.8329       64.38333 35.58445 116.48944 25.99807 159.44311
## 2021.8356       49.60079 27.37976  89.85609 19.99040 123.07099
## 2021.8384       57.44346 31.66919 104.19436 23.10684 142.80412
## 2021.8411       63.52165 34.97636 115.36364 25.50295 158.21701
## 2021.8438       54.55945 30.00409  99.21093 21.86296 136.15414
## 2021.8466       60.38010 33.16370 109.93213 24.14933 150.96717
## 2021.8493       62.32007 34.18669 113.60539 24.87787 156.11432
## 2021.8521       63.61405 34.85323 116.10824 25.34626 159.65856
## 2021.8548       66.48163 36.37925 121.49253 26.43868 167.17198
## 2021.8575       75.63534 41.33710 138.39152 30.02216 190.54939
## 2021.8603       63.28141 34.54265 115.93019 25.07113 159.72696
## 2021.8630       63.02850 34.36227 115.60911 24.92397 159.38841
## 2021.8658       54.36559 29.60298  99.84188 21.45796 137.73993
## 2021.8685       62.86117 34.18703 115.58554 24.76466 159.56312
## 2021.8712       73.37182 39.85445 135.07712 28.85138 186.59161
## 2021.8740       61.64098 33.44157 113.61936 24.19333 157.05197
## 2021.8767       74.40260 40.31587 137.30939 29.14773 189.92033
## 2021.8795       63.28793 34.25158 116.93951 24.74741 161.84978
## 2021.8822       58.93924 31.85936 109.03653 23.00420 151.00870
## 2021.8849       68.53235 37.00002 126.93731 26.69891 175.91293
## 2021.8877       60.51165 32.63024 112.21677 23.53064 155.61240
## 2021.8904       65.56680 35.31353 121.73819 25.44938 168.92376
## 2021.8932       63.99660 34.42635 118.96599 24.79421 165.18234
## 2021.8959       53.06692 28.51254  98.76701 20.52196 137.22367
## 2021.8986       42.64293 22.88432  79.46137 16.46058 110.47118
## 2021.9014       52.72443 28.26069  98.36508 20.31489 136.83878
## 2021.9041       42.02115 22.49675  78.49031 16.16132 109.25946
## 2021.9068       50.04645 26.76129  93.59216 19.21276 130.36371
## 2021.9096       45.66676 24.39029  85.50342 17.49951 119.17206
## 2021.9123       46.95413 25.04808  88.01834 17.96016 122.75448
## 2021.9151       58.10784 30.96138 109.05590 22.18622 152.18998
## 2021.9178       51.79408 27.56459  97.32149 19.73979 135.89948
## 2021.9205       64.81459 34.45331 121.93112 24.65757 170.37085
## 2021.9233       60.40633 32.07218 113.77228 22.93911 159.07002
## 2021.9260       65.06468 34.50484 122.69041 24.66366 171.64578
## 2021.9288       62.66178 33.19152 118.29825 23.71016 165.60407
## 2021.9315       69.60153 36.82424 131.55391 26.28884 184.27486
## 2021.9342       71.36634 37.71377 135.04761 26.90720 189.28595
## 2021.9370       63.42666 33.47888 120.16357 23.87101 168.52834
## 2021.9397       61.37281 32.35701 116.40820 23.05686 163.36232
## 2021.9425       64.60692 34.02247 122.68522 24.22868 172.27738
## 2021.9452       56.08338 29.49960 106.62331 20.99486 149.81502
## 2021.9479       61.06539 32.08288 116.22966 22.81936 163.41310
## 2021.9507       67.79454 35.57705 129.18720 25.28913 181.74214
## 2021.9534       75.21388 39.42495 143.49104 28.00717 201.98852
## 2021.9562       74.69106 39.10576 142.65815 27.76346 200.93879
## 2021.9589       67.48062 35.28994 129.03491 25.03911 181.86086
## 2021.9616       65.20756 34.06202 124.83187 24.15317 176.04424
## 2021.9644       79.35057 41.40226 152.08139 29.34025 214.60325
## 2021.9671       70.51840 36.75182 135.30880 26.02886 191.05116
## 2021.9699       67.52269 35.15033 129.70899 24.87957 183.25536
## 2021.9726       75.90537 39.46902 145.97843 27.91948 206.36583
## 2021.9753       63.71943 33.09487 122.68262 23.39643 173.53783
## 2021.9781       56.16097 29.13596 108.25299 20.58527 153.21899
## 2021.9808       59.03766 30.59360 113.92727 21.60214 161.34723
## 2021.9836       45.86541 23.74074  88.60868 16.75328 125.56563
## 2021.9863       29.84968 15.43324  57.73276 10.88435  81.86100
## 2021.9890       29.54291 15.25738  57.20403 10.75389  81.15982
## 2021.9918       41.58535 21.45246  80.61271 15.11135 114.43987

Time Series Forecast of Daily Crashes (Without Pandemic Data)

HoltWinters Forecast and Time Series (Without Pandemic Data)

noncovid <- HoltWinters(crashests.noncovid)

summary(noncovid)
##              Length Class  Mode     
## fitted       6076   mts    numeric  
## x            1884   ts     numeric  
## alpha           1   -none- numeric  
## beta            1   -none- numeric  
## gamma           1   -none- numeric  
## coefficients  367   -none- numeric  
## seasonal        1   -none- character
## SSE             1   -none- numeric  
## call            2   -none- call
plot(fitted(noncovid), main = "Box Jenkins Decomposition of Daily Crashes (Without Pandemic Data)") 

fcast.noncovid <- forecast(noncovid, 700)

summary(fcast)
## 
## Forecast method: HoltWinters
## 
## Model Information:
## Holt-Winters exponential smoothing with trend and additive seasonal component.
## 
## Call:
## HoltWinters(x = crashests2)
## 
## Smoothing parameters:
##  alpha: 0.08077377
##  beta : 0
##  gamma: 0.5202656
## 
## Coefficients:
##              [,1]
## a     50.54984009
## b      0.01038832
## s1    -6.23449175
## s2    -1.93564335
## s3     2.86487713
## s4     3.28987252
## s5    18.74605442
## s6    11.34313976
## s7    10.93677566
## s8    -2.05767179
## s9     1.10585292
## s10    2.12610252
## s11    2.85764739
## s12    2.56818547
## s13    1.44799761
## s14   -0.22202840
## s15   -6.64149445
## s16   11.21950926
## s17    2.33492289
## s18   -3.81325334
## s19  -12.43592667
## s20   -8.82891425
## s21   -6.98425032
## s22  -18.59843672
## s23   -4.28591066
## s24    3.00785928
## s25    6.65753804
## s26    0.46225594
## s27   10.73197209
## s28    5.46095777
## s29   -1.34256568
## s30   -3.26511301
## s31   -0.93528345
## s32   -2.46074674
## s33    1.54812218
## s34  -13.16233602
## s35  -14.81325852
## s36  -15.65407423
## s37  -10.94124296
## s38   -8.23887077
## s39    0.09667156
## s40   -2.79874332
## s41   14.35529063
## s42   -2.87078344
## s43  -10.64056090
## s44   -3.07418243
## s45    3.58884162
## s46    5.78232493
## s47   -7.75697781
## s48   11.82025001
## s49    1.81002608
## s50  -10.60009088
## s51   -7.48194865
## s52   -5.95450286
## s53   -2.11306421
## s54   -0.10492356
## s55    5.51864882
## s56    1.43270639
## s57  -14.98387363
## s58  -10.19643554
## s59    4.61816393
## s60   -1.53538748
## s61   -8.78850745
## s62    1.36509713
## s63   -8.39174391
## s64    3.60307440
## s65  -11.25208893
## s66   -1.31340652
## s67   -4.61503589
## s68   -2.66794678
## s69    3.56482888
## s70    8.40970924
## s71   -4.16925423
## s72   -8.83976312
## s73   -9.81868936
## s74    1.40258791
## s75   -2.88439542
## s76   -0.84655366
## s77    3.99764272
## s78   -5.75316399
## s79   -6.24224007
## s80    6.39625666
## s81    3.54658925
## s82    5.73704838
## s83    7.75176805
## s84    7.56696843
## s85  -10.11964997
## s86   -9.96441055
## s87   -3.23972507
## s88   -4.70034794
## s89    1.20269853
## s90    8.71712990
## s91    7.83078519
## s92   -7.95706133
## s93    5.56955590
## s94   -8.32756005
## s95   -4.66652660
## s96    2.96646219
## s97    3.31559968
## s98  -11.95260985
## s99  -10.18398290
## s100 -20.82118897
## s101  -8.22737899
## s102 -14.29541896
## s103  11.81983300
## s104  22.42320993
## s105   2.06135988
## s106 -14.67607014
## s107  -7.58268340
## s108  -3.17511188
## s109   5.27828903
## s110  14.20250750
## s111  11.39954055
## s112   3.59972812
## s113  -5.09169713
## s114   0.65032801
## s115   1.60533792
## s116   4.01954729
## s117  -5.51861598
## s118  21.63521717
## s119   0.29203380
## s120  -6.79267595
## s121  -1.12515999
## s122   2.32044763
## s123   8.59125612
## s124  13.00073898
## s125  11.83719191
## s126   4.18327384
## s127  -3.45440626
## s128   4.48522046
## s129   4.26506407
## s130   7.41325466
## s131   7.21693533
## s132   6.54430396
## s133  16.01006604
## s134   1.62241040
## s135   8.06820807
## s136   5.96081224
## s137   8.83833826
## s138   8.72985950
## s139  -7.86239803
## s140   0.77833533
## s141  -4.55359983
## s142  -8.08896614
## s143  -2.65142054
## s144  21.48204145
## s145  13.54022630
## s146  32.81280146
## s147  12.13861445
## s148  16.76408889
## s149  11.00514208
## s150  11.97777356
## s151  10.23097784
## s152  16.97105275
## s153  -4.06605961
## s154   5.16193255
## s155   8.51991802
## s156  -0.33877794
## s157  16.56480186
## s158  19.91815994
## s159  16.06335580
## s160  19.93619458
## s161  23.61266969
## s162   6.34656318
## s163  12.27984110
## s164   3.74073120
## s165  28.19571659
## s166  34.27865794
## s167   7.93572720
## s168  20.14784906
## s169   2.67768830
## s170   3.39915036
## s171  14.15285244
## s172   7.56542560
## s173  13.07838148
## s174  11.78106310
## s175   2.84385148
## s176 -12.46781771
## s177   3.38628760
## s178  -5.86384012
## s179  -1.85297347
## s180 -12.12571278
## s181 -15.38396317
## s182  -6.88497127
## s183 -10.79117418
## s184   8.42295365
## s185   3.81777322
## s186  14.41968988
## s187   8.71937536
## s188  13.35241398
## s189  12.14044801
## s190   0.89757331
## s191   3.81503990
## s192  11.53740048
## s193   3.06070657
## s194   9.55270876
## s195  15.17009463
## s196  19.36697114
## s197  13.65442119
## s198  17.72223523
## s199  12.24465311
## s200  22.60889814
## s201  18.15173022
## s202  15.46082898
## s203  16.31807653
## s204  -1.62684658
## s205  -2.91058814
## s206   4.64985434
## s207  -1.73788437
## s208 -11.88671191
## s209 -34.55434101
## s210 -18.85992119
## s211 -25.35411731
## s212 -18.09027336
## s213 -16.49955352
## s214 -11.43239810
## s215  -5.21188327
## s216 -21.49149913
## s217 -12.18677393
## s218  -9.35611599
## s219  -7.94366243
## s220  -7.44240524
## s221   0.61005315
## s222  -5.27741616
## s223  -3.12180648
## s224  -2.11230701
## s225 -15.16755451
## s226 -14.79396671
## s227   1.16218679
## s228  -8.50231630
## s229  -7.42278686
## s230   7.40925711
## s231   2.93635347
## s232 -14.99553722
## s233 -17.45147372
## s234 -11.06836096
## s235 -12.28925461
## s236 -15.15928552
## s237  -1.17423487
## s238   3.93826589
## s239 -12.91207270
## s240 -13.98285601
## s241  -3.94134772
## s242  -1.96363600
## s243  -8.68689640
## s244  -3.20291537
## s245  -1.32066330
## s246  -8.48049415
## s247 -14.53117625
## s248 -11.89676528
## s249 -10.12810557
## s250  -3.07357242
## s251  11.47852808
## s252  -7.71611094
## s253 -14.69555089
## s254  -9.65066889
## s255 -14.10449131
## s256  -4.44297173
## s257  -3.64289585
## s258  10.80472876
## s259  12.07604009
## s260  -9.43646956
## s261  -4.34013392
## s262  -6.86101681
## s263  -2.05890940
## s264 -11.35362995
## s265   1.02173269
## s266 -16.46138754
## s267 -17.05526062
## s268  -1.03786754
## s269  -2.51305778
## s270   6.67938413
## s271  -4.27375956
## s272  11.61766310
## s273  -7.25976929
## s274  -4.46956094
## s275 -10.63323503
## s276  -7.32952420
## s277   7.12042706
## s278  -4.86888235
## s279   0.79707701
## s280  -5.89717718
## s281 -16.58973965
## s282  -7.14488850
## s283 -15.58062231
## s284 -20.36239502
## s285 -17.89649144
## s286 -19.71531297
## s287  -8.87619104
## s288 -18.66001649
## s289  -1.80762526
## s290   0.50015895
## s291  -3.95486869
## s292  -3.34882589
## s293   2.21324366
## s294   6.90389151
## s295  -4.39108294
## s296  -6.09735957
## s297 -11.77800237
## s298  -1.97232884
## s299  -9.65212348
## s300   0.11349890
## s301   1.18379416
## s302 -10.76519132
## s303  -4.16288539
## s304  -3.10285789
## s305  -9.23177797
## s306  -0.12151806
## s307  -3.40646565
## s308 -11.35257966
## s309  -6.39960971
## s310  -9.52654032
## s311  -5.51393075
## s312   0.83619338
## s313  -4.08983296
## s314   3.67275951
## s315  -0.08242832
## s316 -12.08616682
## s317   2.91680294
## s318  -3.93073306
## s319  -8.01971128
## s320  -3.40881117
## s321   4.54358359
## s322  -5.00718868
## s323 -10.91502771
## s324 -12.84374924
## s325 -23.01612327
## s326  -6.65628934
## s327   2.48354832
## s328  -4.64843499
## s329  -1.78470180
## s330 -10.43432871
## s331  -5.49469424
## s332 -17.46183832
## s333 -22.90502577
## s334   2.62847601
## s335  23.01676905
## s336  18.48824973
## s337  -0.75629702
## s338   2.47486703
## s339   2.48665606
## s340   6.42353251
## s341   6.42197949
## s342   6.95522618
## s343  16.83360143
## s344  -8.53275817
## s345   0.12797564
## s346   0.35957591
## s347   2.53313484
## s348   1.97810544
## s349   9.34497032
## s350 -10.99416861
## s351 -13.63501980
## s352  -0.09250644
## s353  -8.96483344
## s354 -19.44184440
## s355   3.88194873
## s356  18.69262114
## s357   8.90101823
## s358   0.69664597
## s359   8.44883556
## s360  -2.98276569
## s361  -8.78553384
## s362  13.64601424
## s363  12.00914555
## s364   4.37740181
## s365  -6.88997498
## 
## Error measures:
##                      ME     RMSE      MAE       MPE     MAPE      MASE     ACF1
## Training set -0.2337277 19.34958 14.47599 -8.894566 27.82532 0.7206301 0.127432
## 
## Forecasts:
##           Point Forecast       Lo 80     Hi 80        Lo 95     Hi 95
## 2021.4192       44.32574  19.5237851  69.12769   6.39442496  82.25705
## 2021.4219       48.63497  23.7522444  73.51770  10.58012330  86.68982
## 2021.4247       53.44588  28.4826371  78.40913  15.26789347  91.62387
## 2021.4274       53.88127  28.8377637  78.92477  15.58053444  92.18200
## 2021.4301       69.34784  44.2243331  94.47134  30.92475401 107.77092
## 2021.4329       61.95531  36.7520599  87.15856  23.41026540 100.50035
## 2021.4356       61.55933  36.2765888  86.84208  22.89271204 100.22596
## 2021.4384       48.57527  23.2132836  73.93727   9.78745640  87.36309
## 2021.4411       51.74919  26.3081973  77.19018  12.84055044  90.65783
## 2021.4438       52.77983  27.2600805  78.29957  13.75074337  91.80891
## 2021.4466       53.52176  27.9235012  79.12002  14.37260213  92.67092
## 2021.4493       53.24269  27.5661552  78.91922  13.97382125  92.51155
## 2021.4521       52.13289  26.3783212  77.88745  12.74467824  91.52109
## 2021.4548       50.47325  24.6408847  76.30561  10.96605760  89.98044
## 2021.4575       44.06417  18.1542418  69.97410   4.43835417  83.68999
## 2021.4603       61.93556  35.9483002  87.92282  22.19147458 101.67965
## 2021.4630       53.06136  26.9969979  79.12573  13.19935582  92.92337
## 2021.4658       46.92358  20.7823332  73.06482   6.94399500  86.90316
## 2021.4685       38.31129  12.0933969  64.52919  -1.78551817  78.40810
## 2021.4712       41.92869  15.6343697  68.22301   1.71499615  82.14239
## 2021.4740       43.78374  17.4132155  70.15427   3.45350074  84.11399
## 2021.4767       32.17995   5.7334306  58.62646  -8.26650917  72.62640
## 2021.4795       46.50286  19.9805758  73.02515   5.94052634  87.06520
## 2021.4822       53.80702  27.2091808  80.40486  13.12913583  94.48490
## 2021.4849       57.46709  30.7939086  84.14026  16.67398142  98.26019
## 2021.4877       51.28219  24.5338878  78.03050  10.37419070  92.19019
## 2021.4904       61.56230  34.7390756  88.38552  20.53972002 102.58487
## 2021.4932       56.30167  29.4037416  83.19960  15.16483800  97.43850
## 2021.4959       49.50854  22.5361054  76.48097   8.25776331  90.75931
## 2021.4986       47.59638  20.5496505  74.64310   6.23197858  88.96077
## 2021.5014       49.93659  22.8157760  77.05741   8.45888202  91.41431
## 2021.5041       48.42152  21.2268106  75.61623   6.83080132  90.01224
## 2021.5068       52.44078  25.1723776  79.70918  10.73735906  94.14419
## 2021.5096       37.74071  10.3988161  65.08260  -4.07510658  79.55652
## 2021.5123       36.10017   8.6849873  63.51536  -5.82773522  78.02808
## 2021.5151       35.26975   7.7814607  62.75803  -6.76995819  77.30945
## 2021.5178       39.99296  12.4317749  67.55415  -2.15823768  82.14417
## 2021.5205       42.70573  15.0718225  70.33963   0.44331793  84.96813
## 2021.5233       51.05166  23.3452310  78.75808   8.67833551  93.42498
## 2021.5260       48.16663  20.3878716  75.94539   5.68268545  90.65057
## 2021.5288       65.33105  37.4801489  93.18195  22.73677152 107.92533
## 2021.5315       48.11537  20.1925046  76.03823   5.41103466  90.81970
## 2021.5342       40.35598  12.3613418  68.35061  -2.45812272  83.17008
## 2021.5370       47.93274  19.8665186  75.99897   5.00915653  90.85633
## 2021.5397       54.60616  26.4685230  82.74379  11.57335994  97.63895
## 2021.5425       56.81003  28.6011675  85.01889  13.66829905  99.95176
## 2021.5452       43.28111  15.0012053  71.56102   0.03072647  86.53150
## 2021.5479       62.86873  34.5179518  91.21951  19.50995677 106.22750
## 2021.5507       52.86889  24.4474232  81.29036   9.40200556  96.33578
## 2021.5534       40.46917  11.9771770  68.96115  -3.10557042  84.04390
## 2021.5562       43.59770  15.0353640  72.16003  -0.08462094  87.28001
## 2021.5589       45.13553  16.5030275  73.76803   1.34589639  88.92516
## 2021.5616       48.98736  20.2848553  77.68986   5.09066894  92.88404
## 2021.5644       51.00589  22.2335555  79.77822   7.00240395  95.00937
## 2021.5671       56.63985  27.7978564  85.48184  12.52982923 100.74986
## 2021.5699       52.56429  23.6528104  81.47577   8.34799640  96.78059
## 2021.5726       36.15810   7.1772934  65.13891  -8.16421918  80.48042
## 2021.5753       40.95593  11.9059599  70.00589  -3.47216364  85.38402
## 2021.5781       55.78091  26.6619521  84.89988  11.24730450 100.31452
## 2021.5808       49.63775  20.4499565  78.82555   4.99887119  94.27663
## 2021.5836       42.39502  13.1385543  71.65149  -2.34888300  87.13892
## 2021.5863       52.55901  23.2340375  81.88399   7.71033328  97.40769
## 2021.5890       42.81256  13.4192347  72.20589  -2.14065185  87.76577
## 2021.5918       54.81777  25.3562498  84.27928   9.76026488  99.87527
## 2021.5945       39.97299  10.4434408  69.50254  -5.18855919  85.13454
## 2021.5973       49.92206  20.3246339  79.51949   4.65670165  95.18742
## 2021.6000       46.63082  16.9656705  76.29597   1.26188824  91.99975
## 2021.6027       48.58830  18.8555799  78.32102   3.11602922  94.06057
## 2021.6055       54.83146  25.0313290  84.63160   9.25609105 100.40683
## 2021.6082       59.68673  29.8193349  89.55413  14.00849029 105.36497
## 2021.6110       47.11816  17.1836482  77.05266   1.33727685  92.89904
## 2021.6137       42.45804  12.4565662  72.45951  -3.42525241  88.34132
## 2021.6164       41.48950  11.4212159  71.55778  -4.49597097  87.47497
## 2021.6192       52.72116  22.5862173  82.85611   6.63374054  98.80859
## 2021.6219       48.44457  18.2431053  78.64603   2.25541648  94.63372
## 2021.6247       50.49280  20.2249645  80.76063   4.20214107  96.78346
## 2021.6274       55.34738  25.0133236  85.68144   8.95544239 101.73932
## 2021.6301       45.60696  15.2068238  76.00711  -0.88603875  92.09997
## 2021.6329       45.12828  14.6621980  75.59436  -1.46557005  91.72212
## 2021.6356       57.77716  27.2452874  88.30904  11.08268924 104.47163
## 2021.6384       54.93788  24.3403541  85.53541   8.14300078 101.73277
## 2021.6411       57.13873  26.4756880  87.80177  10.24365384 104.03381
## 2021.6438       59.16384  28.4354221  89.89225  12.16878106 106.15890
## 2021.6466       58.98943  28.1957756  89.78308  11.89460125 106.08425
## 2021.6493       41.31320  10.4544483  72.17195  -5.88118643  88.50758
## 2021.6521       41.47882  10.5551159  72.40253  -5.81490672  88.77256
## 2021.6548       48.21390  17.2253657  79.20243   0.82102731  95.60677
## 2021.6575       46.76366  15.7104424  77.81689  -0.72814005  94.25547
## 2021.6603       52.67710  21.5593230  83.79487   5.08656759 100.26763
## 2021.6630       60.20192  29.0197221  91.38411  12.51286452 107.89097
## 2021.6658       59.32596  28.0794780  90.57245  11.53858849 107.11334
## 2021.6685       43.54850  12.2378640  74.85914  -4.33698747  91.43400
## 2021.6712       57.08551  25.7108450  88.46017   9.10210095 105.06892
## 2021.6740       43.19878  11.7602232  74.63734  -4.88234441  91.27991
## 2021.6767       46.87020  15.3678804  78.37253  -1.30844217  95.04885
## 2021.6795       54.51358  22.9476217  86.07954   6.23761240 102.78955
## 2021.6822       54.87311  23.2436397  86.50257   6.50001148 103.24620
## 2021.6849       39.61529   7.9224380  71.30813  -8.85474184  88.08531
## 2021.6877       41.39430   9.6381993  73.15040  -7.17246521  89.96107
## 2021.6904       30.76748  -1.0517467  62.58671 -17.89582930  79.43079
## 2021.6932       43.37168  11.4894483  75.25391  -5.38798617  92.13135
## 2021.6959       37.31403   5.3689177  69.25914 -11.54180295  86.16986
## 2021.6986       63.43967  31.4318025  95.44754  14.48786110 112.39148
## 2021.7014       74.05343  41.9829350 106.12393  25.00583795 123.10103
## 2021.7041       53.70197  21.5689627  85.83498   4.55877450 102.84517
## 2021.7068       36.97493   4.7795318  69.17033 -12.26368328  86.21355
## 2021.7096       44.07871  11.8210383  76.33637  -5.25513977  93.41255
## 2021.7123       48.49667  16.1768495  80.81648  -0.93222800  97.92556
## 2021.7151       56.96046  24.5786094  89.34230   7.43669558 106.48422
## 2021.7178       65.89506  33.4513055  98.33882  16.27661810 115.51351
## 2021.7205       63.10248  30.5969341  95.60803  13.38953552 112.81543
## 2021.7233       55.31306  22.7458344  87.88028   5.50578679 105.12033
## 2021.7260       46.63202  14.0032385  79.26081  -3.26939647  96.53344
## 2021.7288       52.38444  19.6942089  85.07466   2.38904794 102.37982
## 2021.7315       53.34983  20.5982793  86.10139   3.26065341 103.43902
## 2021.7342       55.77443  22.9616639  88.58720   5.59163365 105.95723
## 2021.7370       46.24666  13.3727897  79.12052  -4.02958444  96.52290
## 2021.7397       73.41088  40.4760254 106.34573  23.04136724 123.78039
## 2021.7425       52.07808  19.0823572  85.07381   1.61547480 102.54069
## 2021.7452       45.00376  11.9472747  78.06025  -5.55177259  95.55930
## 2021.7479       50.68167  17.5645295  83.79880   0.03337622 101.32996
## 2021.7507       54.13766  20.9599868  87.31534   3.39678626 104.87854
## 2021.7534       60.41886  27.1807552  93.65696   9.58556579 111.25215
## 2021.7562       64.83873  31.5403076  98.13715  13.91318742 115.76427
## 2021.7589       63.68557  30.3269392  97.04420  12.66794591 114.70320
## 2021.7616       56.04204  22.6233082  89.46078   4.93249931 107.15158
## 2021.7644       48.41475  14.9360231  81.89348  -2.78654431  99.61604
## 2021.7671       56.36476  22.8261522  89.90338   5.07188301 107.65765
## 2021.7699       56.15500  22.5566049  89.75339   4.77069046 107.53930
## 2021.7726       59.31358  25.6555107  92.97164   7.83800728 110.78914
## 2021.7753       59.12764  25.4100122  92.84528   7.56097569 110.69431
## 2021.7781       58.46540  24.6883067  92.24250   6.80779271 110.12301
## 2021.7808       67.94155  34.1050992 101.77801  16.19316301 119.68994
## 2021.7836       53.56428  19.6685779  87.45999   1.72527455 105.40330
## 2021.7863       60.02047  26.0656133  93.97533   8.09099755 111.94994
## 2021.7890       57.92346  23.9095581  91.93737   5.90368436 109.94324
## 2021.7918       60.81138  26.7385271  94.88423   8.70144952 112.92131
## 2021.7945       60.71329  26.5815930  94.84498   8.51336558 112.91321
## 2021.7973       44.13142   9.9409815  78.32185  -8.15834224  96.42118
## 2021.8000       52.78254  18.5334616  87.03162   0.40309492 105.16198
## 2021.8027       47.46099  13.1533735  81.76861  -5.00798315  99.92997
## 2021.8055       43.93601   9.5699539  78.30208  -8.62233986  96.49437
## 2021.8082       49.38395  14.9595454  83.80835  -3.26363291 102.03153
## 2021.8110       73.52780  39.0451521 108.01045  20.79114139 126.26446
## 2021.8137       65.59637  31.0555798 100.13716  12.77078875 118.42196
## 2021.8164       84.87934  50.2804955 119.47818  31.96497586 137.79370
## 2021.8192       64.21554  29.5587463  98.87233  11.21254950 117.21852
## 2021.8219       68.85140  34.1367553 103.56604  15.75993254 121.94287
## 2021.8247       63.10284  28.3304392  97.87524   9.92304154 116.28264
## 2021.8274       64.08586  29.2557973  98.91592  10.81787531 117.35385
## 2021.8301       62.34945  27.4618234  97.23708   8.99342762 115.70548
## 2021.8329       69.09992  34.1548151 104.04502  15.65599561 122.54384
## 2021.8356       48.07319  13.0707138  83.07567  -5.45847936 101.60486
## 2021.8384       57.31157  22.2518109  92.37134   3.69229380 110.93085
## 2021.8411       60.67995  25.5629948  95.79690   6.97320318 114.38669
## 2021.8438       51.83164  16.6575902  87.00569  -1.96242667 105.62571
## 2021.8466       68.74561  33.5145540 103.97666  14.86436077 122.62685
## 2021.8493       72.10935  36.8213880 107.39732  18.14106730 126.07764
## 2021.8521       68.26494  32.9201516 103.60972  14.20975178 122.32012
## 2021.8548       72.14817  36.7466492 107.54968  18.00621865 126.29011
## 2021.8575       75.83503  40.3768739 111.29318  21.60646067 130.06360
## 2021.8603       58.57931  23.0646074  94.09401   4.26425920 112.89436
## 2021.8630       64.52298  28.9518151 100.09414  10.12157965 118.92437
## 2021.8658       55.99426  20.3667245  91.62179   1.50664910 110.48186
## 2021.8685       80.45963  44.7758183 116.14344  25.88595004 135.03331
## 2021.8712       86.55296  50.8129566 122.29296  31.89334247 141.21257
## 2021.8740       60.22042  24.4243111  96.01652   5.47499771 114.96583
## 2021.8767       72.44293  36.5908059 108.29505  17.61183981 127.27401
## 2021.8795       54.98315  19.0751055  90.89120   0.06653295 109.89977
## 2021.8822       55.71500  19.7511149  91.67889   0.71298191 110.71703
## 2021.8849       66.47909  30.4594509 102.49874  11.39180329 121.56639
## 2021.8877       59.90206  23.8267441  95.97737   4.72962753 115.07448
## 2021.8904       65.42540  29.2945058 101.55629  10.16796567 120.68283
## 2021.8932       64.13847  27.9520787 100.32486   8.79616012 119.48078
## 2021.8959       55.21165  18.9698432  91.45345  -0.21540870 110.63870
## 2021.8986       39.91037   3.6132348  76.20750 -15.60130573  95.42204
## 2021.9014       55.77486  19.4224851  92.12723   0.17870054 111.37102
## 2021.9041       46.53512  10.1275863  82.94265  -9.14539802 102.21564
## 2021.9068       50.55638  14.0937652  87.01899  -5.20837461 106.32112
## 2021.9096       40.29402   3.7764212  76.81163 -15.55483011  96.14288
## 2021.9123       37.04616   0.4736488  73.61868 -18.88667022  92.97899
## 2021.9151       45.55554   8.9282011  82.18288 -10.46114216 101.57223
## 2021.9178       41.65973   4.9776405  78.34181 -14.44068356  97.76014
## 2021.9205       60.88424  24.1474922  97.62100   4.70023053 117.06826
## 2021.9233       56.28945  19.4981168  93.08079   0.02196059 112.55694
## 2021.9260       66.90176  30.0559194 103.74759  10.55091140 123.25260
## 2021.9288       61.21183  24.3115714  98.11209   4.77775415 117.64591
## 2021.9315       65.85526  28.9006566 102.80986   9.33807261 122.37244
## 2021.9342       64.65368  27.6448170 101.66254   8.05350851 121.25385
## 2021.9370       53.42119  16.3581482  90.48424  -3.26184283 110.10423
## 2021.9397       56.34905  19.2318997  93.46620  -0.41673191 113.11483
## 2021.9425       64.08180  26.9106240 101.25297   7.23339344 120.93020
## 2021.9452       55.61549  18.3903721  92.84061  -1.31541580 112.54640
## 2021.9479       62.11788  24.8388945  99.39687   5.10459046 119.13117
## 2021.9507       67.74566  30.4128782 105.07843  10.65009927 124.84121
## 2021.9534       71.95292  34.5664300 109.33941  14.77521708 129.13063
## 2021.9562       66.25076  28.8106324 103.69089   8.99102628 123.51049
## 2021.9589       70.32896  32.8352755 107.82265  12.98731682 127.67061
## 2021.9616       64.86177  27.3145988 102.40894   7.43832804 122.28521
## 2021.9644       75.23640  37.6358254 112.83698  17.73128276 132.74152
## 2021.9671       70.78962  33.1357147 108.44353  13.20294037 128.37630
## 2021.9699       68.10911  30.4019462 105.81627  10.44098002 125.77724
## 2021.9726       68.97674  31.2164016 106.73709  11.22728334 126.72621
## 2021.9753       51.04221  13.2287611  88.85566  -6.78846963 108.87289
## 2021.9781       49.76886  11.9023766  87.63534  -8.14292714 107.68064
## 2021.9808       57.33969  19.4202503  95.25912  -0.65308719 115.33246
## 2021.9836       50.96234  12.9900167  88.93466  -7.11131547 109.03599
## 2021.9863       40.82390   2.7987678  78.84903 -17.33052009  98.97832
## 2021.9890       18.16666 -19.9112094  56.24452 -40.06841427  76.40173
## 2021.9918       33.87147  -4.2590647  72.00200 -24.44414799  92.18708
autoplot(fcast.noncovid) +
  ggtitle("Forecasts of Daily Car Crashes Using HoltWinters (Without Pandemic Data)") +
  xlab("Year") + ylab("Crashes")

STLF Forecast and Time Series (Without Pandemic Data)

crashests.noncovid %>% mstl() %>%
  autoplot()

p <- crashests.noncovid %>%
  stlf(lambda = 0, h = 700) 

p %>%
  autoplot() + 
  ggtitle("Seasonal and Trend Decomposition Using Loess Forecasting Model for Daily Car Crashes (Without Pandemic Data)") +
  xlab("Year") + ylab("Daily Crashes")

p %>% summary()
## 
## Forecast method: STL +  ETS(A,A,N)
## 
## Model Information:
## ETS(A,A,N) 
## 
## Call:
##  ets(y = na.interp(x), model = etsmodel, allow.multiplicative.trend = allow.multiplicative.trend) 
## 
##   Smoothing parameters:
##     alpha = 1e-04 
##     beta  = 1e-04 
## 
##   Initial states:
##     l = 4.0609 
##     b = 3e-04 
## 
##   sigma:  0.2243
## 
##      AIC     AICc      BIC 
## 8580.638 8580.670 8608.344 
## 
## Error measures:
##                    ME     RMSE      MAE       MPE     MAPE      MASE      ACF1
## Training set 1.612812 15.24738 11.52105 -2.739207 17.92088 0.6742361 0.1485729
## 
## Forecasts:
##           Point Forecast    Lo 80     Hi 80    Lo 95     Hi 95
## 2020.1616       65.57560 49.19524  87.41007 42.25205 101.77397
## 2020.1644       80.31529 60.25305 107.05758 51.74921 124.65012
## 2020.1671       81.41235 61.07607 108.51993 52.45607 126.35278
## 2020.1699       66.50479 49.89232  88.64865 42.85074 103.21610
## 2020.1726       68.09211 51.08313  90.76451 43.87349 105.67965
## 2020.1753       73.87608 55.42230  98.47435 47.60024 114.65645
## 2020.1781       64.46486 48.36194  85.92953 41.53635 100.05017
## 2020.1808       65.30946 48.99555  87.05537 42.08053 101.36103
## 2020.1836       70.14808 52.62550  93.50511 45.19816 108.87066
## 2020.1863       72.75580 54.58181  96.98114 46.87835 112.91791
## 2020.1890       65.72693 49.30869  87.61192 42.34946 102.00908
## 2020.1918       68.55250 51.42843  91.37835 44.17001 106.39447
## 2020.1945       65.57727 49.19637  87.41251 42.25297 101.77695
## 2020.1973       68.41275 51.32353  91.19217 44.07989 106.17775
## 2020.2000       73.70169 55.29128  98.24224 47.48763 114.38641
## 2020.2027       89.90290 67.44544 119.83808 57.92636 139.53114
## 2020.2055       84.36051 63.28746 112.45032 54.35521 130.92941
## 2020.2082       65.63428 49.23895  87.48884 42.28945 101.86603
## 2020.2110       72.32635 54.25930  96.40930 46.60121 112.25248
## 2020.2137       64.22099 48.17859  85.60515 41.37870  99.67292
## 2020.2164       65.65841 49.25687  87.52131 42.30476 101.90404
## 2020.2192       69.47263 52.11822  92.60573 44.76223 107.82408
## 2020.2219       74.11061 55.59754  98.78823 47.75043 115.02267
## 2020.2247       76.01169 57.02363 101.32252 48.97520 117.97354
## 2020.2274       66.77019 50.09060  89.00389 43.02067 103.63061
## 2020.2301       61.88298 46.42415  82.48946 39.87167  96.04571
## 2020.2329       65.55356 49.17769  87.38250 42.23651 101.74300
## 2020.2356       67.41844 50.57659  89.86859 43.43791 104.63778
## 2020.2384       74.05651 55.55625  98.71736 47.71465 114.94093
## 2020.2411       74.34245 55.77061  99.09878 47.89869 115.38520
## 2020.2438       71.93931 53.96766  95.89567 46.35015 111.65584
## 2020.2466       70.29368 52.73297  93.70232 45.28966 109.10219
## 2020.2493       59.64800 44.74664  79.51175 38.43054  92.57958
## 2020.2521       64.05797 48.05474  85.39061 41.27162  99.42482
## 2020.2548       71.81187 53.87133  95.72707 46.26708 111.46033
## 2020.2575       70.99523 53.25850  94.63884 45.74067 110.19347
## 2020.2603       81.43740 61.09166 108.55902 52.46800 126.40181
## 2020.2630       74.75185 56.07613  99.64737 48.16036 116.02570
## 2020.2658       68.68103 51.52179  91.55513 44.24880 106.60365
## 2020.2685       79.78961 59.85472 106.36391 51.40530 123.84681
## 2020.2712       68.69557 51.53219  91.57541 44.25751 106.62782
## 2020.2740       64.52533 48.40362  86.01668 41.57047 100.15567
## 2020.2767       69.08831 51.82624  92.09994 44.50979 107.23919
## 2020.2795       81.27176 60.96524 108.34203 52.35846 126.15151
## 2020.2822       91.47626 68.61964 121.94623 58.93205 141.99245
## 2020.2849       68.70364 51.53675  91.58882 44.26074 106.64507
## 2020.2877       66.98225 50.24515  89.29463 43.15134 103.97410
## 2020.2904       68.87267 51.66285  91.81539 44.36872 106.90965
## 2020.2932       69.59846 52.20690  92.78362 44.83579 108.03746
## 2020.2959       79.34200 59.51524 105.77379 51.11206 123.16374
## 2020.2986       79.58453 59.69670 106.09794 51.26769 123.54169
## 2020.3014       73.19386 54.90259  97.57902 47.15029 113.62265
## 2020.3041       67.51269 50.64073  90.00588 43.49002 104.80482
## 2020.3068       74.02349 55.52394  98.68674 47.68348 114.91353
## 2020.3096       71.68967 53.77289  95.57620 46.17947 111.29206
## 2020.3123       83.50756 62.63665 111.33277 53.79128 129.64019
## 2020.3151       77.68213 58.26659 103.56728 50.03810 120.59836
## 2020.3178       83.83152 62.87841 111.76690 53.99834 130.14706
## 2020.3205       76.65214 57.49286 102.19617 49.37310 119.00308
## 2020.3233       68.87344 51.65790  91.82625 44.36196 106.92835
## 2020.3260       68.93334 51.70226  91.90713 44.39979 107.02317
## 2020.3288       74.90180 56.17815  99.86588 48.24321 116.29160
## 2020.3315       73.72619 55.29575  98.29960 47.48515 114.46843
## 2020.3342       82.17651 61.63287 109.56782 52.92680 127.59092
## 2020.3370       80.92674 60.69477 107.90284 52.12086 125.65290
## 2020.3397       76.16851 57.12537 101.55982 49.05535 118.26727
## 2020.3425       74.42999 55.82075  99.24308 47.93469 115.57023
## 2020.3452       76.14435 57.10569 101.53037 49.03774 118.23468
## 2020.3479       66.80600 50.10154  89.07995 43.02282 103.73663
## 2020.3507       70.29332 52.71610  93.73135 45.26762 109.15419
## 2020.3534       70.45121 52.83371  93.94330 45.36826 109.40189
## 2020.3562       70.90908 53.17626  94.55531 45.66203 110.11551
## 2020.3589       78.02925 58.51490 104.05152 50.24585 121.17546
## 2020.3616       65.64454 49.22667  87.53801 42.26983 101.94518
## 2020.3644       73.81236 55.35077  98.43158 47.52803 114.63264
## 2020.3671       66.43766 49.81974  88.59867 42.77831 103.18225
## 2020.3699       75.86820 56.89043 101.17666 48.84918 117.83173
## 2020.3726       77.78044 58.32328 103.72868 50.07902 120.80500
## 2020.3753       82.84567 62.12026 110.48578 53.33876 128.67576
## 2020.3781       76.57398 57.41645 102.12358 49.29940 118.93804
## 2020.3808       70.96571 53.21024  94.64593 45.68735 110.23035
## 2020.3836       60.13541 45.08875  80.20333 38.71367  93.41062
## 2020.3863       71.12603 53.32828  94.86360 45.78772 110.48623
## 2020.3890       64.33348 48.23440  85.80591 41.41365  99.93800
## 2020.3918       81.70780 61.25957 108.98156 52.59635 126.93208
## 2020.3945       76.68165 57.49001 102.27996 49.35929 119.12805
## 2020.3973       75.18008 56.36297 100.27939 48.39107 116.79932
## 2020.4000       57.92927 43.42892  77.27108 37.28594  90.00175
## 2020.4027       49.60539 37.18773  66.16954 31.92716  77.07215
## 2020.4055       54.83465 41.10696  73.14671 35.29153  85.20004
## 2020.4082       63.24882 47.41350  84.37288 40.70534  98.27737
## 2020.4110       72.24346 54.15482  96.37401 46.49226 112.25776
## 2020.4137       83.43647 62.54367 111.30856 53.69341 129.65549
## 2020.4164       76.86422 57.61561 102.54353 49.46200 119.44740
## 2020.4192       72.25556 54.15961  96.39777 46.49443 112.29014
## 2020.4219       76.06772 57.01547 101.48646 48.94539 118.21948
## 2020.4247       65.61499 49.17940  87.54330 42.21782 101.97890
## 2020.4274       85.02194 63.72337 113.43924 54.70219 132.14699
## 2020.4301       75.97303 56.93960 101.36882 48.87804 118.08782
## 2020.4329       78.63797 58.93515 104.92772 50.59025 122.23562
## 2020.4356       75.99674 56.95394 101.40656 48.88879 118.13555
## 2020.4384       71.12311 53.29987  94.90636 45.75141 110.56482
## 2020.4411       74.62603 55.92320  99.58379 48.00241 116.01592
## 2020.4438       71.61798 53.66730  95.57282 46.06525 111.34501
## 2020.4466       67.86040 50.84987  90.56138 43.64615 105.50837
## 2020.4493       77.28118 57.90721 103.13709 49.70282 120.16180
## 2020.4521       73.37564 54.97889  97.92821 47.18854 114.09516
## 2020.4548       70.88261 53.10907  94.60426 45.58283 110.22449
## 2020.4575       76.40336 57.24349 101.97621 49.13043 118.81586
## 2020.4603       69.08526 51.75870  92.21200 44.42215 107.44130
## 2020.4630       67.11835 50.28325  89.58994 43.15500 104.38822
## 2020.4658       68.19961 51.09139  91.03661 43.84771 106.07594
## 2020.4685       65.67635 49.19924  87.67176 42.22297 102.15727
## 2020.4712       77.68764 58.19483 103.70970 49.94200 120.84755
## 2020.4740       63.41110 47.49859  84.65446 40.76179  98.64552
## 2020.4767       60.89148 45.60942  81.29400 39.13973  94.73167
## 2020.4795       63.66536 47.68519  85.00076 40.92018  99.05329
## 2020.4822       63.50149 47.56049  84.78549 40.81227  98.80459
## 2020.4849       69.71604 52.21278  93.08691 44.80346 108.48106
## 2020.4877       70.75482 52.98849  94.47797 45.46806 110.10465
## 2020.4904       78.26619 58.61123 104.51235 50.29163 121.80153
## 2020.4932       72.41909 54.23010  96.70872 46.53129 112.70961
## 2020.4959       65.82355 49.28891  87.90497 42.29057 102.45168
## 2020.4986       62.15114 46.53686  83.00439 39.92831  96.74248
## 2020.5014       58.56962 43.85310  78.22481 37.62473  91.17407
## 2020.5041       61.77962 46.25435  82.51594 39.68396  96.17795
## 2020.5068       38.25842 28.64268  51.10230 24.57338  59.56472
## 2020.5096       65.84656 49.29451  87.95644 42.29010 102.52446
## 2020.5123       65.94391 49.36495  88.09084 42.34942 102.68380
## 2020.5151       57.00550 42.67160  76.15432 36.60633  88.77226
## 2020.5178       64.43804 48.23279  86.08792 41.37594 100.35446
## 2020.5205       67.92858 50.84288  90.75591 43.61379 105.79893
## 2020.5233       62.54902 46.81396  83.57294 40.15660  97.42807
## 2020.5260       73.10084 54.70841  97.67664 46.92707 113.87315
## 2020.5288       66.16820 49.51737  88.41808 42.47315 103.08232
## 2020.5315       71.11136 53.21369  95.02866 45.64232 110.79248
## 2020.5342       72.29080 54.09328  96.61016 46.39539 112.63965
## 2020.5370       66.08882 49.44971  88.32676 42.41137 102.98494
## 2020.5397       72.04027 53.89968  96.28629 46.22656 112.26880
## 2020.5425       65.44542 48.96264  87.47694 41.99106 102.00033
## 2020.5452       67.44951 50.45902  90.16100 43.27303 105.13329
## 2020.5479       68.40412 51.17011  91.44251 43.88147 106.63097
## 2020.5507       72.43400 54.18141  96.83551 46.46235 112.92337
## 2020.5534       58.81583 43.99217  78.63449 37.72351  91.70148
## 2020.5562       66.86245 50.00765  89.39808 42.88040 104.25713
## 2020.5589       68.31198 51.08856  91.34192 43.80579 106.52762
## 2020.5616       60.58284 45.30526  81.01224 38.84560  94.48381
## 2020.5644       69.66222 52.09166  93.15936 44.66285 108.65461
## 2020.5671       71.93364 53.78663  96.20324 46.11451 112.20868
## 2020.5699       64.13595 47.95291  85.78041 41.11146 100.05532
## 2020.5726       68.84173 51.46784  92.08049 44.12334 107.40765
## 2020.5753       73.40721 54.87737  98.19384 47.04462 114.54272
## 2020.5781       72.58604 54.25973  97.10211 46.51344 113.27337
## 2020.5808       65.03217 48.60962  87.00299 41.66842 101.49612
## 2020.5836       73.54717 54.97044  98.40172 47.11917 114.79799
## 2020.5863       65.09549 48.65001  87.10014 41.69988 101.61713
## 2020.5890       78.48046 58.64918 105.01736 50.26864 122.52534
## 2020.5918       57.62494 43.06049  77.11556 36.90602  89.97540
## 2020.5945       73.52163 54.93526  98.39637 47.08172 114.80955
## 2020.5973       64.50464 48.19414  86.33516 41.30265 100.74047
## 2020.6000       66.58100 49.74167  89.12104 42.62717 103.99539
## 2020.6027       73.54563 54.94059  98.45106 47.08057 114.88730
## 2020.6055       81.10655 60.58406 108.58091 51.91451 126.71356
## 2020.6082       80.05903 59.79686 107.18704 51.23781 125.09216
## 2020.6110       67.98654 50.77573  91.03108 43.50607 106.24194
## 2020.6137       66.20394 49.44038  88.65145 42.36009 103.46912
## 2020.6164       70.44565 52.60372  94.33912 45.06846 110.11225
## 2020.6192       65.90194 49.20672  88.26163 42.15621 103.02315
## 2020.6219       63.72667 47.57853  85.35549 40.75949  99.63540
## 2020.6247       84.39831 63.00668 113.05269 53.97403 131.97226
## 2020.6274       83.77216 62.53386 112.22361 53.56655 131.01039
## 2020.6301       69.96330 52.22134  93.73301 44.73078 109.42941
## 2020.6329       78.46516 58.56207 105.13258 50.15967 122.74366
## 2020.6356       78.31695 58.44625 104.94334 50.05812 122.52849
## 2020.6384       69.42215 51.80360  93.03283 44.36669 108.62733
## 2020.6411       74.19581 55.36072  99.43907 47.41087 116.11299
## 2020.6438       88.09327 65.72417 118.07564 56.28339 137.88125
## 2020.6466       78.22438 58.35582 104.85764 49.97098 122.45214
## 2020.6493       64.43233 48.06236  86.37790 41.15448 100.87662
## 2020.6521       61.26623 45.69631  82.14124 39.12654  95.93365
## 2020.6548       76.25179 56.86805 102.24258 48.68963 119.41630
## 2020.6575       70.72374 52.74014  94.83947 45.15306 110.77538
## 2020.6603       73.99218 55.17207  99.23213 47.23268 115.91216
## 2020.6630       81.67309 60.89329 109.54399 52.12787 127.96407
## 2020.6658       81.08169 60.44630 108.76166 51.74247 127.05693
## 2020.6685       79.81879 59.49878 107.07847 50.92867 125.09731
## 2020.6712       62.45372 46.54970  83.79147 39.84259  97.89694
## 2020.6740       52.06630 38.80345  69.86233 33.21064  81.62743
## 2020.6767       51.31331 38.23828  68.85916 32.72512  80.45978
## 2020.6795       55.07797 41.03934  73.91889 35.12037  86.37673
## 2020.6822       67.99506 50.65865  91.26436 43.34986 106.65152
## 2020.6849       78.61788 58.56670 105.53388 50.11413 123.33390
## 2020.6877       67.52800 50.29979  90.65707 43.03785 105.95398
## 2020.6904       63.89918 47.59154  85.79475 40.71824 100.27705
## 2020.6932       69.47177 51.73622  93.28719 44.26173 109.04063
## 2020.6959       73.28153 54.56727  98.41399 46.68100 115.04001
## 2020.6986       78.51925 58.46080 105.45996 50.00883 123.28371
## 2020.7014       75.80963 56.43693 101.83227 48.27464 119.05010
## 2020.7041       61.81568 46.01374  83.04429 39.35652  97.09137
## 2020.7068       65.20407 48.53030  87.60651 41.50643 102.43162
## 2020.7096       65.35214 48.63479  87.81578 41.59321 102.68269
## 2020.7123       70.59816 52.53262  94.87629 44.92387 110.94549
## 2020.7151       66.15126 49.21775  88.91079 42.08645 103.97621
## 2020.7178       83.34692 62.00414 112.03622 53.01678 131.02849
## 2020.7205       82.47454 61.34766 110.87709 52.45207 129.68126
## 2020.7233       77.17606 57.39938 103.76670 49.07309 121.37290
## 2020.7260       79.70166 59.27041 107.17583 50.66938 125.36871
## 2020.7288       69.13209 51.40385  92.97445 43.94146 108.76391
## 2020.7315       79.68828 59.24551 107.18486 50.64133 125.39602
## 2020.7342       72.02709 53.54283  96.89255 45.76375 113.36268
## 2020.7370       79.61966 59.17929 107.12008 50.57785 125.33727
## 2020.7397       75.44334 56.06784 101.51448 47.91533 118.78656
## 2020.7425       78.53983 58.36141 105.69492 49.87194 123.68687
## 2020.7452       69.91409 51.94491  94.09931 44.38569 110.12512
## 2020.7479       76.10926 56.54025 102.45126 48.30888 119.90796
## 2020.7507       80.01888 59.43662 107.72856 50.77996 126.09347
## 2020.7534       81.35784 60.42295 109.54609 51.61891 128.23008
## 2020.7562       81.26831 60.34817 109.44057 51.55129 128.11588
## 2020.7589       82.15248 60.99629 110.64657 52.10111 129.53717
## 2020.7616       78.85725 58.54148 106.22325 50.00059 124.36785
## 2020.7644       79.75551 59.19998 107.44837 50.55925 125.81163
## 2020.7671       75.26533 55.85912 101.41351 47.70243 118.75433
## 2020.7699       77.80058 57.73242 104.84457 49.29844 122.78138
## 2020.7726       82.48561 61.20012 111.17421 52.25556 130.20386
## 2020.7753       76.74445 56.93217 103.45134 48.60763 121.16842
## 2020.7781       91.82446 68.10913 123.79736 58.14579 145.01018
## 2020.7808       80.32841 59.57332 108.31450 50.85464 126.88426
## 2020.7836       77.30459 57.32222 104.25277 48.92912 122.13584
## 2020.7863       85.28291 63.22870 115.02964 53.96647 134.77208
## 2020.7890       73.85925 54.75089  99.63654 46.72680 116.74647
## 2020.7918       74.45543 55.18437 100.45618 47.09294 117.71640
## 2020.7945       77.67434 57.56125 104.81536 49.11729 122.83462
## 2020.7973      102.62566 76.03981 138.50675 64.87978 162.33142
## 2020.8000       95.37956 70.65976 128.74739 60.28433 150.90587
## 2020.8027       84.20404 62.37077 113.68019 53.20801 133.25665
## 2020.8055       82.74949 61.28360 111.73428 52.27614 130.98669
## 2020.8082       80.17893 59.37031 108.28072 50.63976 126.94888
## 2020.8110       77.21563 57.16681 104.29572 48.75611 122.28733
## 2020.8137       91.86636 68.00241 124.10483 57.99250 145.52619
## 2020.8164       83.00559 61.43328 112.15303 52.38578 131.52289
## 2020.8192       94.73794 70.10488 128.02643 59.77503 150.15096
## 2020.8219       87.02750 64.38849 117.62639 54.89608 137.96587
## 2020.8247       84.19980 62.28589 113.82364 53.09872 133.51747
## 2020.8274       91.56959 67.72611 123.80734 57.73132 145.24160
## 2020.8301       85.29299 63.07307 115.34074 53.76009 135.32147
## 2020.8329       79.50276 58.78113 107.52921 50.09731 126.16823
## 2020.8356       98.57259 72.86795 133.34472 62.09735 156.47297
## 2020.8384       89.43496 66.10156 121.00490 56.32588 142.00599
## 2020.8411       79.96574 59.09243 108.21218 50.34862 127.00487
## 2020.8438       75.39999 55.70857 102.05178 47.46101 119.78588
## 2020.8466       76.85940 56.77669 104.04566 48.36641 122.13781
## 2020.8493       80.89285 59.74546 109.52553 50.89057 128.58283
## 2020.8521       81.01457 59.82450 109.71025 50.95300 128.81206
## 2020.8548       99.02787 73.11289 134.12845 62.26480 157.49700
## 2020.8575       89.38364 65.98034 121.08810 56.18506 142.19856
## 2020.8603       78.73235 58.10710 106.67858 49.47580 125.28919
## 2020.8630       69.91884 51.59279  94.75440 43.92479 111.29578
## 2020.8658       71.34536 52.63551  96.70583 44.80807 113.59920
## 2020.8685       82.26244 60.67815 111.52463 51.64951 131.01981
## 2020.8712       75.32020 55.54684 102.13242 47.27693 119.99791
## 2020.8740       99.79248 73.58041 135.34226 62.61926 159.03315
## 2020.8767       85.84633 63.28518 116.45052 53.85218 136.84854
## 2020.8795       72.66669 53.55882  98.59157 45.57088 115.87329
## 2020.8822       89.36781 65.85541 121.27484 56.02770 142.54744
## 2020.8849       76.20805 56.14684 103.43709 47.76296 121.59352
## 2020.8877       81.08855 59.73070 110.08330 50.80632 129.41998
## 2020.8904       78.11381 57.52794 106.06613 48.92748 124.71041
## 2020.8932       66.27893 48.80215  90.01442 41.50176 105.84843
## 2020.8959       56.02203 41.24146  76.09982 35.06832  89.49581
## 2020.8986       61.60588 45.34282  83.70199 38.55160  98.44687
## 2020.9014       46.46659 34.19304  63.14570 29.06861  74.27749
## 2020.9041       62.74180 46.15980  85.28056 39.23763 100.32546
## 2020.9068       63.09008 46.40634  85.77184 39.44285 100.91456
## 2020.9096       62.01799 45.60818  84.33204 38.76015  99.23160
## 2020.9123       81.50629 59.92725 110.85567 50.92352 130.45595
## 2020.9151       73.09868 53.73414  99.44174 45.65574 117.03712
## 2020.9178       80.28423 59.00353 109.24020 50.12724 128.58391
## 2020.9205       76.97106 56.55638 104.75467 48.04275 123.31818
## 2020.9233       79.59855 58.47429 108.35409 49.66625 127.57012
## 2020.9260       75.83010 55.69376 103.24681 47.29908 121.57114
## 2020.9288       85.20725 62.56710 116.03982 53.13022 136.65058
## 2020.9315       93.31602 68.50615 127.11090 58.16668 149.70561
## 2020.9342       92.17439 67.65298 125.58379 57.43551 147.92448
## 2020.9370       76.48466 56.12466 104.23054 47.64263 122.78717
## 2020.9397       80.05264 58.72960 109.11746 49.84794 128.55947
## 2020.9425       71.70550 52.59390  97.76190 44.63477 115.19447
## 2020.9452       72.32091 53.03317  98.62344 45.00213 116.22369
## 2020.9479       82.38658 60.40048 112.37574 51.24754 132.44632
## 2020.9507      104.19751 76.37318 142.15884 64.79185 167.56926
## 2020.9534      105.07816 77.00074 143.39367 65.31621 169.04563
## 2020.9562       78.07195 57.19734 106.56491 48.51187 125.64407
## 2020.9589       80.73868 59.13712 110.23084 50.15085 129.98254
## 2020.9616      101.07026 74.01147 138.02181 62.75706 162.77365
## 2020.9644       85.51876 62.60853 116.81249 53.08140 137.77819
## 2020.9671       81.12089 59.37460 110.83189 50.33318 130.74077
## 2020.9699       96.03245 70.27182 131.23655 59.56339 154.83052
## 2020.9726       88.67266 64.87054 121.20818 54.97813 143.01761
## 2020.9753       71.34806 52.18359  97.55071 44.22015 115.11824
## 2020.9781       72.01845 52.66097  98.49148 44.61888 116.24355
## 2020.9808       48.66812 35.57807  66.57433 30.14084  78.58393
## 2020.9836       28.92468 21.13968  39.57661 17.90665  46.72214
## 2020.9863       42.29241 30.90180  57.88168 26.17232  68.34121
## 2020.9890       50.70351 37.03822  69.41061 31.36540  81.96439
## 2020.9918       56.51536 41.27327  77.38632 34.94712  91.39484
## 2020.9945       53.84255 39.31131  73.74519 33.28139  87.10633
## 2020.9973       53.54045 39.08074  73.35018 33.08171  86.65148
## 2021.0000       51.96387 37.92020  71.20860 32.09495  84.13300
## 2021.0027       46.65593 34.03797  63.95142 28.80515  75.56899
## 2021.0055       57.11686 41.65892  78.31062 35.24965  92.54945
## 2021.0082       74.23737 54.13182 101.81048 45.79723 120.33886
## 2021.0110       81.97607 59.75894 112.45307 50.55091 132.93680
## 2021.0137       67.01490 48.83961  91.95397 41.30832 108.71894
## 2021.0164       69.38167 50.55104  95.22686 42.74981 112.60440
## 2021.0192       67.32029 49.03601  92.42233 41.46271 109.30356
## 2021.0219       67.87247 49.42491  93.20547 41.78560 110.24544
## 2021.0247       66.17461 48.17549  90.89848 40.72346 107.53208
## 2021.0274       69.99192 50.94066  96.16815 43.05470 113.78244
## 2021.0301       76.67327 55.78814 105.37707 47.14493 124.69613
## 2021.0329       77.96649 56.71350 107.18390 47.91995 126.85267
## 2021.0356       69.73641 50.71284  95.89615 42.84344 113.51018
## 2021.0384       59.84963 43.51101  82.32350 36.75375  97.45887
## 2021.0411       58.07137 42.20640  79.89981 35.64647  94.60357
## 2021.0438       66.69135 48.45781  91.78574 40.92017 108.69300
## 2021.0466       68.23380 49.56456  93.93511 41.84850 111.25492
## 2021.0493       65.65068 47.67465  90.40467 40.24677 107.08964
## 2021.0521       60.12452 43.64917  82.81848 36.84290  98.11816
## 2021.0548       61.48197 44.62185  84.71260 37.65819 100.37745
## 2021.0575       50.90889 36.93756  70.16478 31.16834  83.15217
## 2021.0603       60.83215 44.12470  83.86573 37.22723  99.40441
## 2021.0630       74.03187 53.68349 102.09316 45.28482 121.02769
## 2021.0658       82.24930 59.62482 113.45858 50.28884 134.52184
## 2021.0685       74.34809 53.88115 102.58949 45.43742 121.65389
## 2021.0712       63.82119 46.23846  88.08997 38.98632 104.47626
## 2021.0740       67.41116 48.82487  93.07274 41.16058 110.40329
## 2021.0767       73.42600 53.16543 101.40757 44.81269 120.30915
## 2021.0795       77.93139 56.41069 107.66225 47.54054 127.74997
## 2021.0822       68.11087 49.28721  94.12361 41.53053 111.70312
## 2021.0849       67.19716 48.61127  92.88912 40.95439 110.25578
## 2021.0877       75.25074 54.42073 104.05361 45.84139 123.52754
## 2021.0904       66.63776 48.17712  92.17218 40.57549 109.44022
## 2021.0932       68.82656 49.74424  95.22903 41.88851 113.08819
## 2021.0959       65.17879 47.09324  90.20985 39.64966 107.14527
## 2021.0986       76.43160 55.20650 105.81707 46.47288 125.70320
## 2021.1014       77.09033 55.66490 106.76242 46.85101 126.84719
## 2021.1041       64.26436 46.38903  89.02769 39.03738 105.79369
## 2021.1068       72.53452 52.34230 100.51635 44.03983 119.46588
## 2021.1096       64.16084 46.28501  88.94052 38.93680 105.72551
## 2021.1123       61.33010 44.22885  85.04362 37.20080 101.11022
## 2021.1151       73.26721 52.82051 101.62879 44.41970 120.84918
## 2021.1178       69.86331 50.35034  96.93842 42.33519 115.29139
## 2021.1205       70.93329 51.10495  98.45488 42.96232 117.11498
## 2021.1233       86.25824 62.12586 119.76468 52.21828 142.48811
## 2021.1260       76.49045 55.07283 106.23732 46.28204 126.41597
## 2021.1288       66.96866 48.20137  93.04302 40.50039 110.73477
## 2021.1315       60.21867 43.32873  83.69246 36.39989  99.62361
## 2021.1342       61.51240 44.24496  85.51880 37.16309 101.81542
## 2021.1370       59.74554 42.95980  83.08999 36.07729  98.94118
## 2021.1397       64.57172 46.41455  89.83189 38.97167 106.98815
## 2021.1425       60.47900 43.45810  84.16634 36.48283 100.25838
## 2021.1452       74.06697 53.20401 103.11094 44.65650 122.84697
## 2021.1479       79.36779 56.99242 110.52778 47.82771 131.70703
## 2021.1507       71.88591 51.60229 100.14254 43.29655 119.35325
## 2021.1534       72.94146 52.34212 101.64771 43.90936 121.16907
## 2021.1562       73.79840 52.93889 102.87718 44.40192 122.65693
## 2021.1589       75.43270 54.09260 105.19168 45.36131 125.43931
## 2021.1616       66.99347 48.02423  93.45544 40.26508 111.46446
## 2021.1644       82.05187 58.79839 114.50159 49.28941 136.59137
## 2021.1671       83.17264 59.58073 116.10614 49.93600 138.53108
## 2021.1699       67.94275 48.65373  94.87901 40.77026 113.22512
## 2021.1726       69.56440 49.79744  97.17778 41.72088 115.99002
## 2021.1753       75.47342 54.00829 105.46969 45.24030 125.91070
## 2021.1781       65.85872 47.11133  92.06641 39.45561 109.93041
## 2021.1808       66.72158 47.71154  93.30592 39.95074 111.43148
## 2021.1836       71.66482 51.22801 100.25465 42.88708 119.75278
## 2021.1863       74.32892 53.11327 104.01899 44.45690 124.27290
## 2021.1890       67.14808 47.96471  94.00379 40.13977 112.32910
## 2021.1918       70.03474 50.00853  98.08056 41.84213 117.22312
## 2021.1945       66.99518 47.82069  93.85799 40.00384 112.19808
## 2021.1973       69.89197 49.87014  97.95214 41.71020 117.11492
## 2021.2000       75.29527 53.70583 105.56356 44.90954 126.23995
## 2021.2027       91.84678 65.48734 128.81622 54.75070 154.07714
## 2021.2055       86.18455 61.42736 120.91968 51.34628 144.66047
## 2021.2082       67.05342 47.77402  94.11312 39.92577 112.61302
## 2021.2110       73.89019 52.62538 103.74765 43.97146 124.16598
## 2021.2137       65.60957 46.71031  92.15559 39.02134 110.31443
## 2021.2164       67.07807 47.73781  94.25376 39.87174 112.84853
## 2021.2192       70.97476 50.49188  99.76687 42.16357 119.47322
## 2021.2219       75.71303 53.84226 106.46772 44.95228 127.52329
## 2021.2247       77.65522 55.20236 109.24049 46.07851 130.87083
## 2021.2274       68.21389 48.47229  95.99578 40.45259 115.02689
## 2021.2301       63.22101 44.90712  89.00362 37.46964 106.67025
## 2021.2329       66.97096 47.55242  94.31926 39.66873 113.06411
## 2021.2356       68.87616 48.88626  97.04007 40.77306 116.34952
## 2021.2384       75.65776 53.67874 106.63618 44.76096 127.88143
## 2021.2411       75.94988 53.86496 107.08973 44.90696 128.45190
## 2021.2438       73.49478 52.10333 103.66868 43.42928 124.37423
## 2021.2466       71.81357 50.89141 101.33711 42.41028 121.60232
## 2021.2493       60.93770 43.16706  86.02402 35.96568 103.24854
## 2021.2521       65.44303 46.34015  92.42071 38.60131 110.94934
## 2021.2548       73.36458 51.92871 103.64905 43.24746 124.45499
## 2021.2575       72.53029 51.31767 102.51134 42.72952 123.11495
## 2021.2603       83.19824 58.84199 117.63618 48.98422 141.30973
## 2021.2630       76.36813 53.98964 108.02242 44.93520 129.78893
## 2021.2658       70.16605 49.58493  99.28975 41.26036 119.32216
## 2021.2685       81.51482 57.58150 115.39586 47.90413 138.70760
## 2021.2712       70.18091 49.55510  99.39157 41.21779 119.49597
## 2021.2740       65.92050 46.52777  93.39608 38.69141 112.31206
## 2021.2767       70.58213 49.79759 100.04174 41.40151 120.32984
## 2021.2795       83.02901 58.55507 117.73221 48.67183 141.63875
## 2021.2822       93.45416 65.88001 132.56951 54.74844 159.52382
## 2021.2849       70.18915 49.45893  99.60823 41.09295 119.88713
## 2021.2877       68.43054 48.19964  97.15299 40.03784 116.95782
## 2021.2904       70.36183 49.53924  99.93668 41.14150 120.33561
## 2021.2932       71.10331 50.04029 101.03221 41.54838 121.68179
## 2021.2959       81.05753 57.02173 115.22490 47.33451 138.80620
## 2021.2986       81.30530 57.17186 115.62598 47.44852 139.32053
## 2021.3014       74.77645 52.55864 106.38629 43.61008 128.21620
## 2021.3041       68.97245 48.45850  98.17057 40.19896 118.34133
## 2021.3068       75.62402 53.10905 107.68396 44.04688 129.83876
## 2021.3096       73.23974 51.41257 104.33361 42.63020 125.82768
## 2021.3123       85.31316 59.86206 121.58510 49.62503 146.66660
## 2021.3151       79.36177 55.66208 113.15226 46.13274 136.52537
## 2021.3178       85.64413 60.04232 122.16244 49.75168 147.43054
## 2021.3205       78.30951 54.87639 111.74896 45.46067 134.89419
## 2021.3233       70.36262 49.28600 100.45245 40.82004 121.28598
## 2021.3260       70.42382 49.30726 100.58385 40.82819 121.47279
## 2021.3288       76.52133 53.55290 109.34074 44.33342 132.07901
## 2021.3315       75.32029 52.68912 107.67206 43.60816 130.09367
## 2021.3342       83.95333 58.70225 120.06630 48.57355 145.10287
## 2021.3370       82.67654 57.78383 118.29280 47.80236 142.99316
## 2021.3397       77.81543 54.36210 111.38717 44.96109 134.67735
## 2021.3425       76.03931 53.09756 108.89346 43.90484 131.69338
## 2021.3452       77.79074 54.29621 111.45160 44.88531 134.81914
## 2021.3479       68.25048 47.61589  97.82719 39.35348 118.36636
## 2021.3507       71.81320 50.07885 102.98032 41.37917 124.63119
## 2021.3534       71.97450 50.16860 103.25840 41.44339 124.99772
## 2021.3562       72.44227 50.47170 103.97673 41.68375 125.89758
## 2021.3589       79.71640 55.51438 114.46952 45.83734 138.63596
## 2021.3616       67.06390 46.68183  96.34512 38.53512 116.71347
## 2021.3644       75.40832 52.46613 108.38260 43.29943 131.32771
## 2021.3671       67.87417 47.20242  97.59888 38.94588 118.28986
## 2021.3699       77.50862 53.87770 111.50414 44.44267 135.17610
## 2021.3726       79.46220 55.21007 114.36758 45.53054 138.68146
## 2021.3753       84.63696 58.77813 121.87212 48.46111 147.81782
## 2021.3781       78.22966 54.30308 112.69856 44.76048 136.72504
## 2021.3808       72.50013 50.30238 104.49344 41.45255 126.80207
## 2021.3836       61.43566 42.60557  88.58796 35.10113 107.52761
## 2021.3863       72.66392 50.36862 104.82807 41.48647 127.27150
## 2021.3890       65.72450 45.53688  94.86179 37.49739 115.20028
## 2021.3918       83.47448 57.80745 120.53790 47.58966 146.41813
## 2021.3945       78.33966 54.22571 113.17699 44.62977 137.51140
## 2021.3973       76.80562 53.13851 111.01371 43.72392 134.91705
## 2021.4000       59.18181 40.92576  85.58147 33.66639 104.03512
## 2021.4027       50.67796 35.02831  73.31943 28.80770  89.15171
## 2021.4055       56.02029 38.70225  81.08760 31.82108  98.62244
## 2021.4082       64.61638 44.61941  93.57536 36.67680 113.83974
## 2021.4110       73.80551 50.94006 106.93455 41.86159 130.12532
## 2021.4137       85.24054 58.80386 123.56246 48.31148 150.39799
## 2021.4164       78.52617 54.14550 113.88500 44.47283 138.65454
## 2021.4192       73.81787 50.87414 107.10899 41.77506 130.43854
## 2021.4219       77.71246 53.53197 112.81532 43.94611 137.42345
## 2021.4247       67.03372 46.15324  97.36086 37.87881 118.62882
## 2021.4274       86.86028 59.77449 126.21954 49.04521 153.83172
## 2021.4301       77.61571 53.38624 112.84179 43.79215 137.56344
## 2021.4329       80.33828 55.23147 116.85799 45.29387 142.49695
## 2021.4356       77.63994 53.34983 112.98929 43.73926 137.81576
## 2021.4384       72.66093 49.90361 105.79616 40.90304 129.07624
## 2021.4411       76.23959 52.33523 111.06239 42.88472 135.53722
## 2021.4438       73.16651 50.20046 106.63920 41.12451 130.17390
## 2021.4466       69.32768 47.54264 101.09508 38.93682 123.43913
## 2021.4493       78.95215 54.11544 115.18786 44.30801 140.68433
## 2021.4521       74.96216 51.35459 109.42207 42.03624 133.67814
## 2021.4548       72.41523 49.58456 105.75805 40.57646 129.23666
## 2021.4575       78.05536 53.41926 114.05322 43.70272 139.41099
## 2021.4603       70.57902 48.27795 103.18164 39.48589 126.15643
## 2021.4630       68.56959 46.87941 100.29537 38.33164 122.66077
## 2021.4658       69.67422 47.61015 101.96350 38.91854 124.73482
## 2021.4685       67.09641 45.82503  98.24167 37.44909 120.21460
## 2021.4712       79.36740 54.17778 116.26878 44.26300 142.31262
## 2021.4740       64.78218 44.19869  94.95146 36.10023 116.25218
## 2021.4767       62.20808 42.42042  91.22600 34.63825 111.72172
## 2021.4795       65.04193 44.32974  95.43148 36.18731 116.90431
## 2021.4822       64.87452 44.19253  95.23562 36.06533 116.69667
## 2021.4849       71.22344 48.49199 104.61065 39.56312 128.21990
## 2021.4877       72.28468 49.18867 106.22519 40.12035 130.23505
## 2021.4904       79.95847 54.38189 117.56406 44.34378 144.17705
## 2021.4932       73.98493 50.29254 108.83860 40.99780 133.51376
## 2021.4959       67.24679 45.68795  98.97862 37.23375 121.45246
## 2021.4986       63.49497 43.11602  93.50610 35.12785 114.76965
## 2021.5014       59.83601 40.60977  88.16469 33.07661 108.24412
## 2021.5041       63.11542 42.81258  93.04640 34.86093 114.26995
## 2021.5068       39.08564 26.49845  57.65196 21.57073  70.82224
## 2021.5096       67.27029 45.58198  99.27809 37.09489 121.99233
## 2021.5123       67.36975 45.62480  99.47844 37.11915 122.27338
## 2021.5151       58.23807 39.41925  86.04101 32.06131 105.78708
## 2021.5178       65.83131 44.53473  97.31197 36.21156 119.67897
## 2021.5205       69.39733 46.92165 102.63897 38.14142 126.26667
## 2021.5233       63.90146 43.18221  94.56201 35.09161 116.36390
## 2021.5260       74.68143 50.43937 110.57465 40.97723 136.10768
## 2021.5288       67.59889 45.63089 100.14290 37.06006 123.30282
## 2021.5315       72.64893 49.01289 107.68324 39.79526 132.62552
## 2021.5342       73.85387 49.79841 109.52949 40.42128 134.93869
## 2021.5370       67.51779 45.50100 100.18796 36.92230 123.46611
## 2021.5397       73.59792 49.57105 109.27051 40.21321 134.69836
## 2021.5425       66.86047 45.00817  99.32249 36.50098 122.47132
## 2021.5452       68.90790 46.36065 102.42088 37.58676 126.32901
## 2021.5479       69.88315 46.99060 103.92833 38.08626 128.22615
## 2021.5507       74.00017 49.73117 110.11254 40.29560 135.89637
## 2021.5534       60.08754 40.35870  89.46058 32.69169 110.44130
## 2021.5562       68.30815 45.85445 101.75684 37.13236 125.65868
## 2021.5589       69.78902 46.82218 104.02138 37.90472 128.49342
## 2021.5616       61.89276 41.50107  92.30397 33.58701 114.05343
## 2021.5644       71.16846 47.69374 106.19736 38.58721 131.25980
## 2021.5671       73.48898 49.22093 109.72224 39.81085 135.65726
## 2021.5699       65.52270 43.86039  97.88385 35.46446 121.05706
## 2021.5726       70.33023 47.05169 105.12568 38.03340 130.05255
## 2021.5753       74.99442 50.14344 112.16151 40.52031 138.79865
## 2021.5781       74.15550 49.55413 110.97034 40.03195 137.36622
## 2021.5808       66.43829 44.37165  99.47897 35.83444 123.17889
## 2021.5836       75.13740 50.15260 112.56903 40.49078 139.43000
## 2021.5863       66.50298 44.36371  99.69063 35.80618 123.51630
## 2021.5890       80.17736 53.45489 120.25859 43.13051 149.04553
## 2021.5918       58.87090 39.22696  88.35208 31.64088 109.53499
## 2021.5945       75.11132 50.01923 112.79082 40.33363 139.87607
## 2021.5973       65.89936 43.85912  99.01534 35.35545 122.83045
## 2021.6000       68.02061 45.24449 102.26226 36.46095 126.89752
## 2021.6027       75.13583 49.94800 113.02539 40.23888 140.29697
## 2021.6055       82.86023 55.05066 124.71819 44.33588 154.85917
## 2021.6082       81.79006 54.30772 123.17981 43.72394 152.99660
## 2021.6110       69.45654 46.09123 104.66659 37.09715 130.04265
## 2021.6137       67.63540 44.85622 101.98245 36.09185 126.74738
## 2021.6164       71.96882 47.70192 108.58077 38.36951 134.99029
## 2021.6192       67.32687 44.59870 101.63765 35.86213 126.39814
## 2021.6219       65.10457 43.10096  98.34131 34.64688 122.33727
## 2021.6247       86.22317 57.04802 130.31890 45.84381 162.16877
## 2021.6274       85.58348 56.59096 129.42938 45.46214 161.11281
## 2021.6301       71.47604 47.23430 108.15921 37.93348 134.67853
## 2021.6329       80.16173 52.94238 121.37542 42.50407 151.18323
## 2021.6356       80.01032 52.81060 121.21907 42.38478 151.03657
## 2021.6384       70.92320 46.78445 107.51649 37.53632 134.00620
## 2021.6411       75.80007 49.97127 114.97908 40.08036 143.35326
## 2021.6438       89.99802 59.29536 136.59827 47.54367 170.36217
## 2021.6466       79.91575 52.62068 121.36913 42.17829 151.41739
## 2021.6493       65.82549 43.31656 100.03090 34.70936 124.83649
## 2021.6521       62.59093 41.16295  95.17356 32.97304 118.81297
## 2021.6548       77.90051 51.20001 118.52516 40.99982 148.01257
## 2021.6575       72.25292 47.45907 109.99974 37.99184 137.41068
## 2021.6603       75.59203 49.62188 115.15394 39.71031 143.89601
## 2021.6630       83.43902 54.73931 127.18595 43.79131 158.98293
## 2021.6658       82.83483 54.30945 126.34284 43.43325 157.98058
## 2021.6685       81.54463 53.43052 124.45183 42.71637 155.66694
## 2021.6712       63.80409 41.78051  97.43688 33.39153 121.91603
## 2021.6740       53.19207 34.80989  81.28140 27.81138 101.73521
## 2021.6767       52.42281 34.28514  80.15573 27.38312 100.35930
## 2021.6795       56.26886 36.77758  86.09007 29.36411 107.82497
## 2021.6822       69.46525 45.37446 106.34663 36.21610 133.23968
## 2021.6849       80.31776 52.43046 123.03805 41.83405 154.20313
## 2021.6877       68.98809 45.00636 105.74854 35.89848 132.57825
## 2021.6904       65.28080 42.56105 100.12872 33.93673 125.57437
## 2021.6932       70.97389 46.24363 108.92944 36.86080 136.65717
## 2021.6959       74.86602 48.74881 114.97555 38.84470 144.29050
## 2021.6986       80.21700 52.20006 123.27125 41.58085 154.75312
## 2021.7014       77.44879 50.36676 119.09272 40.10705 149.55762
## 2021.7041       63.15226 41.04332  97.17069 32.67181 122.06878
## 2021.7068       66.61391 43.26554 102.56229 34.42917 128.88528
## 2021.7096       66.76518 43.33615 102.86076 34.47372 129.30400
## 2021.7123       72.12463 46.78498 111.18874 37.20466 139.82020
## 2021.7151       67.58158 43.80998 104.25181 34.82706 131.14144
## 2021.7178       85.14905 55.16275 131.43581 43.83712 165.39315
## 2021.7205       84.25781 54.55029 130.14373 43.33566 163.82300
## 2021.7233       78.84476 51.01289 121.86127 40.51168 153.44948
## 2021.7260       81.42497 52.64831 125.93047 41.79615 158.62768
## 2021.7288       70.62686 45.63686 109.30097 36.21754 137.72755
## 2021.7315       81.41129 52.57134 126.07246 41.70645 158.91543
## 2021.7342       73.58446 47.48632 114.02595 37.65940 143.78011
## 2021.7370       81.34119 52.45783 126.12777 41.58777 159.09460
## 2021.7397       77.07457 49.67385 119.58989 39.36708 150.89995
## 2021.7425       80.23801 51.67888 124.57968 40.94193 157.25049
## 2021.7452       71.42577 45.97308 110.97017 36.40896 140.12046
## 2021.7479       77.75490 50.01400 120.88263 39.59547 152.68978
## 2021.7507       81.74905 52.54860 127.17573 41.58762 160.69464
## 2021.7534       83.11695 53.39273 129.38893 42.24095 163.54814
## 2021.7562       83.02549 53.29880 129.33184 42.15191 163.53308
## 2021.7589       83.92878 53.84308 130.82537 42.56746 165.47946
## 2021.7616       80.56230 51.64915 125.66101 40.81867 159.00285
## 2021.7644       81.47999 52.20284 127.17677 41.24176 160.97732
## 2021.7671       76.89272 49.23111 120.09661 38.88033 152.06894
## 2021.7699       79.48278 50.85554 124.22468 40.14906 157.35146
## 2021.7726       84.26911 53.88201 131.79321 42.52335 166.99727
## 2021.7753       78.40381 50.09820 122.70216 39.52320 155.53289
## 2021.7781       93.80988 59.90218 146.91108 47.24095 186.28530
## 2021.7808       82.06527 52.36752 128.60470 41.28418 163.13050
## 2021.7836       78.97607 50.36236 123.84685 39.68927 157.15126
## 2021.7863       87.12689 55.52265 136.72069 43.74036 173.54897
## 2021.7890       75.45624 48.05294 118.48688 37.84226 150.45729
## 2021.7918       76.06530 48.40807 119.52408 38.10828 151.82868
## 2021.7945       79.35382 50.46669 124.77593 39.71464 158.55685
## 2021.7973      104.84463 66.63286 164.96962 52.41773 209.70760
## 2021.8000       97.44185 61.88601 153.42587 48.66603 195.10352
## 2021.8027       86.02470 54.59769 135.54144 42.91915 172.42301
## 2021.8055       84.53870 53.61796 133.29100 42.13376 169.62149
## 2021.8082       81.91256 51.91684 129.23873 40.78224 164.52424
## 2021.8110       78.88519 49.96384 124.54753 39.23387 158.60972
## 2021.8137       93.85269 59.40309 148.28062 46.62905 188.90212
## 2021.8164       84.80034 53.63662 134.07068 42.08728 170.86152
## 2021.8192       96.78637 61.17569 153.12619 47.98551 195.21729
## 2021.8219       88.90921 56.15802 140.76078 44.03362 179.51844
## 2021.8247       86.02037 54.29580 136.28133 42.55787 173.86920
## 2021.8274       93.54951 59.00730 148.31233 46.23387 189.28785
## 2021.8301       87.13719 54.92456 138.24218 43.01913 176.50032
## 2021.8329       81.22177 51.16037 128.94698 40.05613 164.69327
## 2021.8356      100.70393 63.38776 159.98802 49.61131 204.41471
## 2021.8384       91.36872 57.47165 145.25846 44.96439 185.66345
## 2021.8411       81.69476 51.35077 129.96950 40.16071 166.18317
## 2021.8438       77.03029 48.38496 122.63450 37.82718 156.86249
## 2021.8466       78.52126 49.28692 125.09581 38.51803 160.07016
## 2021.8493       82.64191 51.83700 131.75310 40.49588 168.65138
## 2021.8521       82.76627 51.87850 132.04420 40.51321 169.08694
## 2021.8548      101.16905 63.36883 161.51752 49.46784 206.90566
## 2021.8575       91.31629 57.15704 145.89041 44.60204 186.95701
## 2021.8603       80.43470 50.31041 128.59645 39.24464 164.85668
## 2021.8630       71.43062 44.64690 114.28193 34.81376 146.56084
## 2021.8658       72.88799 45.52550 116.69634 35.48553 149.71341
## 2021.8685       84.04111 52.45440 134.64855 40.87098 172.80987
## 2021.8712       76.94877 47.99353 123.37318 37.38111 158.39857
## 2021.8740      101.95019 63.54177 163.57493 49.47261 210.09281
## 2021.8767       87.70249 54.62268 140.81563 42.51228 180.92956
## 2021.8795       74.23789 46.20362 119.28210 35.94619 153.31986
## 2021.8822       91.30012 56.78197 146.80208 44.15934 188.76441
## 2021.8849       77.85581 48.38585 125.27479 37.61538 161.14493
## 2021.8877       82.84184 51.44757 133.39350 39.98035 171.65360
## 2021.8904       79.80278 49.52452 128.59253 38.47127 165.53871
## 2021.8932       67.71201 41.99085 109.18846 32.60656 140.61331
## 2021.8959       57.23333 35.46698  92.35787 27.53014 118.98432
## 2021.8986       62.93792 38.97384 101.63695 30.24064 130.98870
## 2021.9014       47.47129 29.37494  76.71584 22.78390  98.90858
## 2021.9041       64.09840 39.63490 103.66130 30.72995 133.70034
## 2021.9068       64.45421 39.82593 104.31256 30.86618 134.59213
## 2021.9096       63.35894 39.12066 102.61471 30.30789 132.45251
## 2021.9123       83.26862 51.37629 134.95842 39.78730 174.26827
## 2021.9151       74.67922 46.04301 121.12556 35.64325 156.46678
## 2021.9178       82.02013 50.53200 133.12954 39.10316 172.03987
## 2021.9205       78.63533 48.41114 127.72918 37.44743 165.12520
## 2021.9233       81.31963 50.02695 132.18639 38.68227 170.95382
## 2021.9260       77.46969 47.62347 126.02092 36.80949 163.04363
## 2021.9288       87.04960 53.47318 141.70904 41.31478 183.41216
## 2021.9315       95.33369 58.51877 155.30937 45.19548 201.09342
## 2021.9342       94.16738 57.76015 153.52274 44.59212 198.85790
## 2021.9370       78.13841 47.89287 127.48476 36.95988 165.19564
## 2021.9397       81.78354 50.08990 133.53083 38.64021 173.09810
## 2021.9425       73.25592 44.83370 119.69634 34.57189 155.22524
## 2021.9452       73.88463 45.18486 120.81344 34.82896 156.73561
## 2021.9479       84.16794 51.43539 137.73089 39.63130 178.75369
## 2021.9507      106.45047 65.00383 174.32361 50.06610 226.33484
## 2021.9534      107.35016 65.50426 175.92834 50.43158 228.50872
## 2021.9562       79.76002 48.63256 130.81073 37.42727 169.97395
## 2021.9589       82.48441 50.25604 135.38030 38.66135 175.98141
## 2021.9616      103.25559 62.86429 169.59896 48.34150 220.55000
## 2021.9644       87.36785 53.15151 143.61100 40.85628 186.82905
## 2021.9671       82.87488 50.38020 136.32828 38.71062 177.42539
## 2021.9699       98.10886 59.59608 161.50975 45.77354 210.28190
## 2021.9726       90.58994 54.98718 149.24453 42.21674 194.39057
## 2021.9753       72.89075 44.21050 120.17645 33.92929 156.59216
## 2021.9781       73.57563 44.59212 121.39755 34.20844 158.24671
## 2021.9808       49.72042 30.11130  82.09943 23.09034 107.06299
## 2021.9836       29.55009 17.88230  48.83082 13.70723  63.70417
## 2021.9863       43.20686 26.12684  71.45266 20.01881  93.25394
## 2021.9890       51.79982 31.29908  85.72843 23.97219 111.93060
## 2021.9918       57.73734 34.86011  95.62794 26.68882 124.90625
## 2021.9945       55.00673 33.18607  91.17500 25.39690 119.13815
## 2021.9973       54.69810 32.97463  90.73285 25.22486 118.60844
## 2022.0000       53.08744 31.97912  88.12862 24.45340 115.25087
## 2022.0027       47.66473 28.69053  79.18733 21.92981 103.59992
## 2022.0055       58.35184 35.09636  97.01681 26.81524 126.97770
## 2022.0082       75.84252 45.58123 126.19424 34.81197 165.23307
## 2022.0110       83.74856 50.29395 139.45655 38.39557 182.67268
## 2022.0137       68.46389 41.08324 114.09286 31.35108 149.51013
## 2022.0164       70.88184 42.50131 118.21366 32.41996 154.97355
## 2022.0192       68.77589 41.20665 114.79029 31.41951 150.54734
## 2022.0219       69.34001 41.51243 115.82160 31.63967 151.96226
## 2022.0247       67.60543 40.44257 113.01198 30.81158 148.33691
## 2022.0274       71.50529 42.74227 119.62412 32.55023 157.08049
## 2022.0301       78.33110 46.78595 131.14539 35.61500 172.28026
## 2022.0329       79.65228 47.53798 133.46140 36.17254 175.39511
## 2022.0356       71.24425 42.48672 119.46657 32.31557 157.06800
## 2022.0384       61.14370 36.43473 102.60959 27.70093 134.96124
## 2022.0411       59.32698 35.32449  99.63882 26.84570 131.10817
## 2022.0438       68.13335 40.53618 114.51876 30.79367 150.75026
## 2022.0466       69.70915 41.44116 117.25942 31.46805 154.42220
## 2022.0493       67.07018 39.84098 112.90909 30.24038 148.75504
## 2022.0521       61.42453 36.45863 103.48641 27.66155 136.39772
## 2022.0548       62.81133 37.25239 105.90634 28.25199 139.64553
## 2022.0575       52.00965 30.82173  87.76286 23.36525 115.77037
## 2022.0603       62.14746 36.80045 104.95272 27.88590 138.50393
## 2022.0630       75.63258 44.75018 127.82715 33.89568 168.76158
## 2022.0658       84.02769 49.67798 142.12843 37.61241 187.72137
## 2022.0685       75.95565 44.87007 128.57704 33.95795 169.89426
## 2022.0712       65.20113 38.48633 110.45968 29.11444 146.01647
## 2022.0740       68.86872 40.61885 116.76600 30.71472 154.41786
## 2022.0767       75.01361 44.20786 127.28601 33.41451 168.40116

Time Series Forecast of Monthly Crashes (With Pandemic Data)

Loading Necessary Packages

library(Mcomp)
library(smooth)

Time Series Forecast of Monthly Crashes Using Linear Model (With Pandemic Data)

crashes_mts = crashes %>%
  filter(as.Date(crash_date) >= "2015/01/01" & as.Date(crash_date) <= "2021/05/31") %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  group_by(Date) %>%
  summarize(count = length(unique(key_crash))) %>%
  separate(Date, into = c("Year", "Month", "Day"), sep = "/") %>%
  group_by(Year, Month) %>%
  summarise(mcount = sum(count)) %>%
  tidyr::spread(key=Month, value=mcount)

crashes_mts = as.data.frame(crashes_mts)

rownames(crashes_mts) = seq(2015, 2021)

crashes_mts3 = crashes_mts %>%
  select(02:13)

crashes_mts2 <- ts(c(t(crashes_mts3)), frequency=12)

crashes_mts4 <- window(crashes_mts2, start=c(1,01), end=c(7,05), frequency=12)

fit.crashes <- tslm(crashes_mts4 ~ trend + season)

summary(fit.crashes)
## 
## Call:
## tslm(formula = crashes_mts4 ~ trend + season)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -905.62 -168.40   12.76  183.83  499.69 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 2167.215    126.041  17.195  < 2e-16 ***
## trend         -7.141      1.532  -4.661 1.64e-05 ***
## season2      -56.002    159.214  -0.352   0.7262    
## season3        9.282    159.236   0.058   0.9537    
## season4      -44.577    159.273  -0.280   0.7805    
## season5       44.135    159.325   0.277   0.7827    
## season6        8.359    165.715   0.050   0.9599    
## season7      -18.833    165.708  -0.114   0.9099    
## season8      175.641    165.715   1.060   0.2932    
## season9      106.949    165.736   0.645   0.5210    
## season10     392.090    165.771   2.365   0.0211 *  
## season11     251.897    165.821   1.519   0.1337    
## season12     291.871    165.885   1.759   0.0833 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 297.8 on 64 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.3669, Adjusted R-squared:  0.2482 
## F-statistic: 3.091 on 12 and 64 DF,  p-value: 0.001699
fcast <- forecast::forecast(fit.crashes)

summary(fcast)
## 
## Forecast method: Linear regression model
## 
## Model Information:
## 
## Call:
## tslm(formula = crashes_mts4 ~ trend + season)
## 
## Coefficients:
## (Intercept)        trend      season2      season3      season4      season5  
##    2167.215       -7.141      -56.002        9.282      -44.577       44.135  
##     season6      season7      season8      season9     season10     season11  
##       8.359      -18.833      175.641      106.949      392.090      251.897  
##    season12  
##     291.871  
## 
## 
## Error measures:
##                         ME     RMSE      MAE       MPE     MAPE      MASE
## Training set -2.953491e-14 271.5441 207.9078 -2.944415 12.43902 0.8125792
##                   ACF1
## Training set 0.7889263
## 
## Forecasts:
##       Point Forecast    Lo 80    Hi 80     Lo 95    Hi 95
## Jun 7       1618.580 1193.737 2043.423  963.1557 2274.004
## Jul 7       1584.247 1159.403 2009.090  928.8223 2239.671
## Aug 7       1771.580 1346.737 2196.423 1116.1557 2427.004
## Sep 7       1695.747 1270.903 2120.590 1040.3223 2351.171
## Oct 7       1973.747 1548.903 2398.590 1318.3223 2629.171
## Nov 7       1826.413 1401.570 2251.257 1170.9890 2481.838
## Dec 7       1859.247 1434.403 2284.090 1203.8223 2514.671
## Jan 8       1560.234 1137.062 1983.407  907.3873 2213.081
## Feb 8       1497.091 1073.919 1920.264  844.2445 2149.938
## Mar 8       1555.234 1132.062 1978.407  902.3873 2208.081
autoplot(fcast) +
  ggtitle("Forecasts of Monthly Car Crashes Using Linear Model (With Pandemic Data)") + xlab("Year") + ylab("Monthly Crashes") + 
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8), 
                     labels = c("Jan 2015", "Jan 2016", "Jan 2017", "Jan 2018", 
                                "Jan 2019", "Jan 2020", "Jan 2021", "Jan 2022")) + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90))

Time Series Forecast of Monthly Crashes Using Linear Model (Without Pandemic Data)

crashes_mts.noncovid = crashes %>%
  filter(as.Date(crash_date) >= "2015/01/01" & as.Date(crash_date) <= "2020/02/29") %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  group_by(Date) %>%
  summarize(count = length(unique(key_crash))) %>%
  separate(Date, into = c("Year", "Month", "Day"), sep = "/") %>%
  group_by(Year, Month) %>%
  summarise(mcount = sum(count)) %>%
  tidyr::spread(key=Month, value=mcount)

crashes_mts.noncovid = as.data.frame(crashes_mts.noncovid)

rownames(crashes_mts.noncovid) = seq(2015, 2020)

crashes_mts3.noncovid = crashes_mts.noncovid %>%
  select(02:13)

crashes_mts2.noncovid <- ts(c(t(crashes_mts3.noncovid)), frequency=12)

crashes_mts4.noncovid <- window(crashes_mts2.noncovid, start=c(1,01), 
                                end=c(6,02), frequency=12)
fit.crashes.noncovid <- tslm(crashes_mts4.noncovid ~ trend + season)

summary(fit.crashes.noncovid)
## 
## Call:
## tslm(formula = crashes_mts4.noncovid ~ trend + season)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -225.07  -47.80  -10.15   58.73  166.53 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 1897.4778    40.1625  47.245  < 2e-16 ***
## trend          2.6889     0.6196   4.339 7.13e-05 ***
## season2      -77.0222    49.8845  -1.544 0.129020    
## season3      123.5222    52.3739   2.358 0.022384 *  
## season4      138.2333    52.3483   2.641 0.011070 *  
## season5      171.1444    52.3299   3.270 0.001969 ** 
## season6       80.2556    52.3189   1.534 0.131470    
## season7      -19.2333    52.3153  -0.368 0.714723    
## season8      186.6778    52.3189   3.568 0.000816 ***
## season9      107.7889    52.3299   2.060 0.044751 *  
## season10     479.5000    52.3483   9.160 3.41e-12 ***
## season11     252.2111    52.3739   4.816 1.45e-05 ***
## season12     261.3222    52.4069   4.986 8.11e-06 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 86.4 on 49 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.8011, Adjusted R-squared:  0.7524 
## F-statistic: 16.45 on 12 and 49 DF,  p-value: 2.947e-13
fcast.noncovid <- forecast::forecast(fit.crashes.noncovid)

summary(fcast.noncovid)
## 
## Forecast method: Linear regression model
## 
## Model Information:
## 
## Call:
## tslm(formula = crashes_mts4.noncovid ~ trend + season)
## 
## Coefficients:
## (Intercept)        trend      season2      season3      season4      season5  
##    1897.478        2.689      -77.022      123.522      138.233      171.144  
##     season6      season7      season8      season9     season10     season11  
##      80.256      -19.233      186.678      107.789      479.500      252.211  
##    season12  
##     261.322  
## 
## 
## Error measures:
##              ME     RMSE      MAE        MPE     MAPE      MASE      ACF1
## Training set  0 76.80595 60.79462 -0.1399194 2.938058 0.6303881 0.1638519
## 
## Forecasts:
##       Point Forecast    Lo 80    Hi 80    Lo 95    Hi 95
## Mar 6         2190.4 2064.085 2316.715 1994.998 2385.802
## Apr 6         2207.8 2081.485 2334.115 2012.398 2403.202
## May 6         2243.4 2117.085 2369.715 2047.998 2438.802
## Jun 6         2155.2 2028.885 2281.515 1959.798 2350.602
## Jul 6         2058.4 1932.085 2184.715 1862.998 2253.802
## Aug 6         2267.0 2140.685 2393.315 2071.598 2462.402
## Sep 6         2190.8 2064.485 2317.115 1995.398 2386.202
## Oct 6         2565.2 2438.885 2691.515 2369.798 2760.602
## Nov 6         2340.6 2214.285 2466.915 2145.198 2536.002
## Dec 6         2352.4 2226.085 2478.715 2156.998 2547.802
autoplot(fcast.noncovid) +
  ggtitle("Forecasts of Monthly Car Crashes Using Linear Model (Without Pandemic Data)") +
  xlab("Year") + ylab("Monthly Crashes") + 
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7), 
                     labels = c("Jan 2015", "Jan 2016", "Jan 2017", "Jan 2018", 
                                "Jan 2019", "Jan 2020", "Jan 2021")) + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90))

Time Series Forecast of Monthly Crashes Using HoltWinters (With Pandemic Data)

covid.monthly <- HoltWinters(crashes_mts4)

summary(covid.monthly)
##              Length Class  Mode     
## fitted       260    mts    numeric  
## x             77    ts     numeric  
## alpha          1    -none- numeric  
## beta           1    -none- numeric  
## gamma          1    -none- numeric  
## coefficients  14    -none- numeric  
## seasonal       1    -none- character
## SSE            1    -none- numeric  
## call           2    -none- call
plot(fitted(covid.monthly), main = "Box Jenkins Decomposition of Monthly Crashes (With Pandemic Data)") 

fcast.covid.monthly <- forecast(covid.monthly, 20)

summary(fcast.covid.monthly)
##       fit      
##  Min.   :1513  
##  1st Qu.:1679  
##  Median :1774  
##  Mean   :1787  
##  3rd Qu.:1873  
##  Max.   :2103
autoplot(fcast.covid.monthly) +
  ggtitle("Forecasts of Monthly Car Crashes Using HoltWinters (With Pandemic Data)") +
  xlab("Year") + ylab("Crashes")

Time Series Forecast of Monthly Crashes Using HoltWinters (Without Pandemic Data)

noncovid.monthly <- HoltWinters(crashes_mts4.noncovid)

summary(noncovid.monthly)
##              Length Class  Mode     
## fitted       200    mts    numeric  
## x             62    ts     numeric  
## alpha          1    -none- numeric  
## beta           1    -none- numeric  
## gamma          1    -none- numeric  
## coefficients  14    -none- numeric  
## seasonal       1    -none- character
## SSE            1    -none- numeric  
## call           2    -none- call
plot(fitted(noncovid.monthly), main = "Box Jenkins Decomposition of Monthly Crashes (Without Pandemic Data)") 

fcast.noncovid.monthly <- forecast(noncovid.monthly, 35)

summary(fcast.noncovid.monthly)
##       fit      
##  Min.   :2035  
##  1st Qu.:2229  
##  Median :2329  
##  Mean   :2328  
##  3rd Qu.:2392  
##  Max.   :2749
autoplot(fcast.noncovid.monthly) +
  ggtitle("Forecasts of Monthly Car Crashes Using HoltWinters (Without Pandemic Data)") +
  xlab("Year") + ylab("Crashes")

Seasonal and Trend Decomposition Using Loess Forecasting Model of Monthly Crashes (With Pandemic Data)

crashes_mts4 %>% mstl() %>%
  autoplot()

t <- crashes_mts4 %>%
  stlf(lambda = 0, h = 20) 

t %>%
  autoplot() + 
  ggtitle("Seasonal and Trend Decomposition Using Loess Forecasting Model for Monthly Car Crashes (With Pandemic Data)") +
  xlab("Year") + ylab("Crashes") + 
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7, 8, 9), 
                     labels = c("Jan 2015", "Jan 2016", "Jan 2017", "Jan 2018", 
                                "Jan 2019", "Jan 2020", "Jan 2021", "Jan 2022", 
                                "Jan 2023")) + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90))
## Scale for 'x' is already present. Adding another scale for 'x', which will
## replace the existing scale.

t %>% summary()
## 
## Forecast method: STL +  ETS(A,N,N)
## 
## Model Information:
## ETS(A,N,N) 
## 
## Call:
##  ets(y = na.interp(x), model = etsmodel, allow.multiplicative.trend = allow.multiplicative.trend) 
## 
##   Smoothing parameters:
##     alpha = 0.9999 
## 
##   Initial states:
##     l = 7.5598 
## 
##   sigma:  0.1119
## 
##      AIC     AICc      BIC 
## 1.220662 1.549429 8.252078 
## 
## Error measures:
##                     ME     RMSE      MAE        MPE     MAPE      MASE
## Training set -1.857766 167.8775 122.7426 -0.7327407 7.246443 0.4797227
##                     ACF1
## Training set -0.01885256
## 
## Forecasts:
##       Point Forecast     Lo 80    Hi 80     Lo 95    Hi 95
## Jun 7       1711.903 1483.1185 1975.980 1374.6572 2131.886
## Jul 7       1729.304 1411.7749 2118.250 1268.0168 2358.401
## Aug 7       1904.104 1485.2014 2441.160 1302.1579 2784.312
## Sep 7       1821.488 1367.1900 2426.742 1174.5486 2824.760
## Oct 7       2041.872 1481.5795 2814.050 1250.2078 3334.837
## Nov 7       1956.832 1377.0660 2780.688 1143.3359 3349.139
## Dec 7       2013.547 1377.6430 2942.977 1126.8953 3597.825
## Jan 8       1787.527 1191.3724 2681.994  961.1035 3324.568
## Feb 8       1716.957 1116.5187 2640.298  889.0589 3315.801
## Mar 8       1744.267 1108.1798 2745.465  871.6120 3490.623
## Apr 8       1594.857  991.0683 2566.492  770.4182 3301.542
## May 8       1719.994 1046.4575 2827.043  804.4167 3677.672
## Jun 8       1711.903 1020.6150 2871.419  776.1698 3775.737
## Jul 8       1729.304 1011.0557 2957.792  760.9943 3929.717
## Aug 8       1904.104 1092.4796 3318.701  814.1207 4453.410
## Sep 8       1821.488 1026.2098 3233.080  757.3957 4380.561
## Oct 8       2041.872 1130.2361 3688.821  826.4111 5044.994
## Nov 8       1956.832 1064.7500 3596.329  771.4940 4963.345
## Dec 8       2013.547 1077.4904 3762.792  773.8635 5239.131
## Jan 9       1787.527  941.1308 3395.122  670.1417 4768.027

Seasonal and Trend Decomposition Using Loess Forecasting Model of Monthly Crashes (Without Pandemic Data)

crashes_mts4.noncovid %>% mstl() %>%
  autoplot()

q <- crashes_mts4.noncovid %>%
  stlf(lambda = 0, h = 25) 

q %>%
  autoplot() + 
  ggtitle("Seasonal and Trend Decomposition Using Loess Forecasting Model for Monthly Car Crashes (Without Pandemic Data)") +
  xlab("Year") + ylab("Crashes") + 
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7, 8), 
                     labels = c("Jan 2015", "Jan 2016", "Jan 2017", "Jan 2018", 
                                "Jan 2019", "Jan 2020", "Jan 2021", "Jan 2022")) + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90))
## Scale for 'x' is already present. Adding another scale for 'x', which will
## replace the existing scale.

q %>% summary()
## 
## Forecast method: STL +  ETS(A,N,N)
## 
## Model Information:
## ETS(A,N,N) 
## 
## Call:
##  ets(y = na.interp(x), model = etsmodel, allow.multiplicative.trend = allow.multiplicative.trend) 
## 
##   Smoothing parameters:
##     alpha = 0.2959 
## 
##   Initial states:
##     l = 7.5924 
## 
##   sigma:  0.0363
## 
##       AIC      AICc       BIC 
## -151.1760 -150.7622 -144.7946 
## 
## Error measures:
##                    ME     RMSE      MAE       MPE     MAPE      MASE       ACF1
## Training set 13.67864 72.68323 56.97706 0.5405856 2.731655 0.5908032 -0.1691508
## 
## Forecasts:
##       Point Forecast    Lo 80    Hi 80    Lo 95    Hi 95
## Mar 6       2217.168 2116.268 2322.880 2064.726 2380.866
## Apr 6       2226.153 2120.606 2336.953 2066.773 2397.823
## May 6       2258.739 2147.526 2375.712 2090.887 2440.067
## Jun 6       2156.323 2046.368 2272.185 1990.450 2336.018
## Jul 6       2051.129 1943.069 2165.199 1888.189 2228.130
## Aug 6       2268.149 2144.947 2398.427 2082.461 2470.395
## Sep 6       2169.823 2048.527 2298.301 1987.087 2369.364
## Oct 6       2572.036 2424.306 2728.768 2349.569 2815.567
## Nov 6       2323.465 2186.545 2468.958 2117.361 2549.630
## Dec 6       2334.350 2193.400 2484.357 2122.264 2567.630
## Jan 7       2084.437 1955.628 2221.730 1890.695 2298.032
## Feb 7       1978.184 1853.211 2111.584 1790.283 2185.806
## Mar 7       2217.168 2074.110 2370.094 2002.155 2455.272
## Apr 7       2226.153 2079.583 2383.053 2005.941 2470.540
## May 7       2258.739 2107.113 2421.277 2031.012 2512.001
## Jun 7       2156.323 2008.850 2314.621 1934.911 2403.070
## Jul 7       2051.129 1908.315 2204.631 1836.784 2290.487
## Aug 7       2268.149 2107.474 2441.074 2027.078 2537.889
## Sep 7       2169.823 2013.532 2338.246 1935.406 2432.633
## Oct 7       2572.036 2383.768 2775.172 2289.750 2889.123
## Nov 7       2323.465 2150.725 2510.078 2064.543 2614.858
## Dec 7       2334.350 2158.167 2524.915 2070.350 2632.013
## Jan 8       2084.437 1924.803 2257.310 1845.308 2354.554
## Feb 8       1978.184 1824.527 2144.781 1748.078 2238.579
## Mar 8       2217.168 2042.565 2406.697 1955.773 2513.501

Advanced Forecasting Methods

Neural Network Autoregression Forecasting Model of Daily Crashes (With Pandemic Data)

fit.nnetar <- nnetar(crashests2, lambda=0)

summary(fit.nnetar)
##           Length Class        Mode     
## x         2343   ts           numeric  
## m            1   -none-       numeric  
## p            1   -none-       numeric  
## P            1   -none-       numeric  
## scalex       2   -none-       list     
## size         1   -none-       numeric  
## lambda       1   -none-       numeric  
## subset    2343   -none-       numeric  
## model       20   nnetarmodels list     
## nnetargs     0   -none-       list     
## fitted    2343   ts           numeric  
## residuals 2343   ts           numeric  
## lags        31   -none-       numeric  
## series       1   -none-       character
## method       1   -none-       character
## call         3   -none-       call
forecast(fit.nnetar, h=700)
##           Point Forecast
## 2021.4192       46.63811
## 2021.4219       39.18788
## 2021.4247       34.50760
## 2021.4274       54.07035
## 2021.4301       62.55379
## 2021.4329       42.69734
## 2021.4356       39.28121
## 2021.4384       57.58620
## 2021.4411       42.82020
## 2021.4438       45.06964
## 2021.4466       55.56285
## 2021.4493       52.57791
## 2021.4521       35.31975
## 2021.4548       36.42134
## 2021.4575       53.62964
## 2021.4603       38.48754
## 2021.4630       31.78348
## 2021.4658       49.04708
## 2021.4685       51.94640
## 2021.4712       43.79539
## 2021.4740       42.20781
## 2021.4767       52.00280
## 2021.4795       39.50356
## 2021.4822       42.52678
## 2021.4849       48.32680
## 2021.4877       45.18897
## 2021.4904       33.29429
## 2021.4932       32.25344
## 2021.4959       40.88018
## 2021.4986       29.12583
## 2021.5014       23.93299
## 2021.5041       33.11191
## 2021.5068       32.95847
## 2021.5096       23.77981
## 2021.5123       30.00535
## 2021.5151       37.05331
## 2021.5178       26.77389
## 2021.5205       24.46005
## 2021.5233       28.49916
## 2021.5260       23.39016
## 2021.5288       15.48451
## 2021.5315       15.74279
## 2021.5342       23.57357
## 2021.5370       19.46050
## 2021.5397       18.48227
## 2021.5425       24.01584
## 2021.5452       22.06048
## 2021.5479       16.26751
## 2021.5507       18.00252
## 2021.5534       19.92825
## 2021.5562       16.57886
## 2021.5589       15.54370
## 2021.5616       18.76132
## 2021.5644       15.97573
## 2021.5671       14.45277
## 2021.5699       16.41539
## 2021.5726       20.51504
## 2021.5753       17.89468
## 2021.5781       17.24100
## 2021.5808       20.32875
## 2021.5836       18.13452
## 2021.5863       16.69135
## 2021.5890       17.31228
## 2021.5918       17.60680
## 2021.5945       15.72627
## 2021.5973       15.46282
## 2021.6000       18.46415
## 2021.6027       17.79319
## 2021.6055       16.95167
## 2021.6082       18.53016
## 2021.6110       18.55460
## 2021.6137       17.03798
## 2021.6164       16.46427
## 2021.6192       17.78371
## 2021.6219       16.45190
## 2021.6247       15.32341
## 2021.6274       16.40696
## 2021.6301       17.80903
## 2021.6329       17.36278
## 2021.6356       17.81049
## 2021.6384       19.17517
## 2021.6411       17.94859
## 2021.6438       18.18685
## 2021.6466       18.56395
## 2021.6493       19.68706
## 2021.6521       18.49498
## 2021.6548       16.77272
## 2021.6575       17.96339
## 2021.6603       17.30854
## 2021.6630       16.38803
## 2021.6658       17.04131
## 2021.6685       18.81238
## 2021.6712       17.11554
## 2021.6740       16.78198
## 2021.6767       17.62088
## 2021.6795       16.61567
## 2021.6822       15.33533
## 2021.6849       17.38656
## 2021.6877       19.07389
## 2021.6904       21.33860
## 2021.6932       19.64364
## 2021.6959       22.79460
## 2021.6986       21.23741
## 2021.7014       19.44018
## 2021.7041       19.02326
## 2021.7068       20.28125
## 2021.7096       19.35963
## 2021.7123       18.10839
## 2021.7151       17.05192
## 2021.7178       15.42683
## 2021.7205       15.12921
## 2021.7233       15.64440
## 2021.7260       17.61547
## 2021.7288       17.27559
## 2021.7315       17.21139
## 2021.7342       17.47145
## 2021.7370       18.01004
## 2021.7397       15.86818
## 2021.7425       17.05292
## 2021.7452       19.74452
## 2021.7479       19.25979
## 2021.7507       18.98916
## 2021.7534       18.56941
## 2021.7562       18.72657
## 2021.7589       19.06103
## 2021.7616       19.00412
## 2021.7644       19.78403
## 2021.7671       17.98100
## 2021.7699       16.81051
## 2021.7726       16.31412
## 2021.7753       16.47950
## 2021.7781       15.94815
## 2021.7808       15.91884
## 2021.7836       17.51960
## 2021.7863       15.66411
## 2021.7890       17.71495
## 2021.7918       17.16166
## 2021.7945       18.26108
## 2021.7973       21.71965
## 2021.8000       25.25359
## 2021.8027       29.07495
## 2021.8055       28.94073
## 2021.8082       29.82770
## 2021.8110       26.93396
## 2021.8137       25.76744
## 2021.8164       22.22156
## 2021.8192       23.38931
## 2021.8219       21.48328
## 2021.8247       18.31599
## 2021.8274       17.92048
## 2021.8301       17.08643
## 2021.8329       16.97849
## 2021.8356       21.58813
## 2021.8384       26.13231
## 2021.8411       24.87412
## 2021.8438       24.49419
## 2021.8466       23.13114
## 2021.8493       23.05062
## 2021.8521       22.19335
## 2021.8548       21.64636
## 2021.8575       25.78826
## 2021.8603       26.32276
## 2021.8630       22.29941
## 2021.8658       24.00956
## 2021.8685       20.46953
## 2021.8712       18.62650
## 2021.8740       17.95975
## 2021.8767       17.79538
## 2021.8795       17.37199
## 2021.8822       15.04816
## 2021.8849       13.55038
## 2021.8877       13.36885
## 2021.8904       12.52775
## 2021.8932       13.87060
## 2021.8959       18.01656
## 2021.8986       22.06921
## 2021.9014       22.04278
## 2021.9041       23.12983
## 2021.9068       23.67222
## 2021.9096       26.26876
## 2021.9123       24.59982
## 2021.9151       23.37580
## 2021.9178       24.25614
## 2021.9205       20.52313
## 2021.9233       18.69790
## 2021.9260       17.87384
## 2021.9288       17.73552
## 2021.9315       18.04307
## 2021.9342       18.95765
## 2021.9370       19.36450
## 2021.9397       17.11332
## 2021.9425       15.75374
## 2021.9452       14.55726
## 2021.9479       13.83121
## 2021.9507       13.73297
## 2021.9534       17.77810
## 2021.9562       21.86169
## 2021.9589       21.99394
## 2021.9616       22.91953
## 2021.9644       23.00168
## 2021.9671       22.99586
## 2021.9699       22.60001
## 2021.9726       21.63938
## 2021.9753       22.18850
## 2021.9781       19.57958
## 2021.9808       17.32239
## 2021.9836       15.98015
## 2021.9863       14.62926
## 2021.9890       21.42839
## 2021.9918       22.22832
## 2021.9945       24.60576
## 2021.9973       20.92956
## 2022.0000       20.81235
## 2022.0027       20.85514
## 2022.0055       18.04528
## 2022.0082       18.63207
## 2022.0110       21.14213
## 2022.0137       23.21581
## 2022.0164       21.34349
## 2022.0192       21.75398
## 2022.0219       22.54940
## 2022.0247       22.86232
## 2022.0274       23.07779
## 2022.0301       21.34780
## 2022.0329       21.66074
## 2022.0356       19.47641
## 2022.0384       17.04553
## 2022.0411       16.34495
## 2022.0438       15.36471
## 2022.0466       15.14832
## 2022.0493       16.55026
## 2022.0521       18.87975
## 2022.0548       19.31753
## 2022.0575       19.96906
## 2022.0603       20.13647
## 2022.0630       22.00797
## 2022.0658       19.16738
## 2022.0685       18.31761
## 2022.0712       19.26270
## 2022.0740       18.16782
## 2022.0767       16.48102
## 2022.0795       16.56006
## 2022.0822       19.33328
## 2022.0849       18.90807
## 2022.0877       18.38886
## 2022.0904       19.18926
## 2022.0932       18.10444
## 2022.0959       18.11237
## 2022.0986       16.19862
## 2022.1014       15.67232
## 2022.1041       14.30491
## 2022.1068       13.90630
## 2022.1096       17.88665
## 2022.1123       16.47865
## 2022.1151       18.45844
## 2022.1178       20.28721
## 2022.1205       20.18849
## 2022.1233       19.08005
## 2022.1260       17.66414
## 2022.1288       18.70344
## 2022.1315       17.63489
## 2022.1342       15.78184
## 2022.1370       15.24338
## 2022.1397       16.15939
## 2022.1425       15.85072
## 2022.1452       16.83973
## 2022.1479       21.37411
## 2022.1507       18.03333
## 2022.1534       17.80497
## 2022.1562       16.92909
## 2022.1589       17.09065
## 2022.1616       15.55888
## 2022.1644       15.82556
## 2022.1671       17.58595
## 2022.1699       18.93259
## 2022.1726       17.84480
## 2022.1753       17.57298
## 2022.1781       19.80457
## 2022.1808       19.29792
## 2022.1836       20.74429
## 2022.1863       21.83005
## 2022.1890       19.22015
## 2022.1918       20.66130
## 2022.1945       23.60534
## 2022.1973       26.19258
## 2022.2000       27.76658
## 2022.2027       27.90472
## 2022.2055       32.21018
## 2022.2082       26.71739
## 2022.2110       24.09024
## 2022.2137       24.26987
## 2022.2164       23.16957
## 2022.2192       20.12153
## 2022.2219       18.14553
## 2022.2247       18.12751
## 2022.2274       15.03006
## 2022.2301       15.60244
## 2022.2329       16.93656
## 2022.2356       19.50884
## 2022.2384       19.93866
## 2022.2411       21.41660
## 2022.2438       24.71262
## 2022.2466       21.97734
## 2022.2493       21.30870
## 2022.2521       20.20734
## 2022.2548       19.49142
## 2022.2575       18.16556
## 2022.2603       19.45047
## 2022.2630       19.65622
## 2022.2658       19.40235
## 2022.2685       18.96867
## 2022.2712       17.20847
## 2022.2740       16.11289
## 2022.2767       14.56224
## 2022.2795       14.98044
## 2022.2822       16.05077
## 2022.2849       13.79052
## 2022.2877       13.61270
## 2022.2904       13.24005
## 2022.2932       13.65002
## 2022.2959       13.25005
## 2022.2986       17.38283
## 2022.3014       21.09245
## 2022.3041       22.12320
## 2022.3068       24.60308
## 2022.3096       23.18066
## 2022.3123       22.42912
## 2022.3151       20.85939
## 2022.3178       19.40175
## 2022.3205       20.19213
## 2022.3233       19.04536
## 2022.3260       23.10007
## 2022.3288       30.71872
## 2022.3315       24.43110
## 2022.3342       21.84471
## 2022.3370       21.20097
## 2022.3397       19.98405
## 2022.3425       18.03956
## 2022.3452       17.41794
## 2022.3479       17.50942
## 2022.3507       14.99533
## 2022.3534       13.89203
## 2022.3562       14.78435
## 2022.3589       19.81122
## 2022.3616       22.72014
## 2022.3644       27.64730
## 2022.3671       31.26390
## 2022.3699       26.30015
## 2022.3726       24.94472
## 2022.3753       26.24691
## 2022.3781       26.10038
## 2022.3808       23.64760
## 2022.3836       22.34231
## 2022.3863       25.15601
## 2022.3890       22.42745
## 2022.3918       18.82545
## 2022.3945       20.33922
## 2022.3973       20.62939
## 2022.4000       17.83451
## 2022.4027       18.12799
## 2022.4055       17.96264
## 2022.4082       14.17260
## 2022.4110       13.13059
## 2022.4137       14.62795
## 2022.4164       19.20036
## 2022.4192       20.43360
## 2022.4219       25.56688
## 2022.4247       30.36285
## 2022.4274       27.52509
## 2022.4301       25.45970
## 2022.4329       27.91978
## 2022.4356       27.49185
## 2022.4384       23.74163
## 2022.4411       23.17718
## 2022.4438       21.81269
## 2022.4466       18.42854
## 2022.4493       17.46281
## 2022.4521       19.29423
## 2022.4548       20.44456
## 2022.4575       18.29693
## 2022.4603       19.23989
## 2022.4630       20.24301
## 2022.4658       17.09764
## 2022.4685       16.13248
## 2022.4712       17.23006
## 2022.4740       18.57216
## 2022.4767       18.53258
## 2022.4795       23.23984
## 2022.4822       26.01198
## 2022.4849       25.08408
## 2022.4877       25.23184
## 2022.4904       27.85264
## 2022.4932       27.95258
## 2022.4959       24.43199
## 2022.4986       23.85354
## 2022.5014       24.60611
## 2022.5041       21.31202
## 2022.5068       19.85851
## 2022.5096       21.42019
## 2022.5123       20.50489
## 2022.5151       18.61649
## 2022.5178       20.50866
## 2022.5205       21.16679
## 2022.5233       20.02688
## 2022.5260       21.23588
## 2022.5288       25.42351
## 2022.5315       26.35844
## 2022.5342       24.09470
## 2022.5370       26.97987
## 2022.5397       28.84967
## 2022.5425       27.42112
## 2022.5452       27.07427
## 2022.5479       29.78126
## 2022.5507       31.53272
## 2022.5534       30.32172
## 2022.5562       31.13810
## 2022.5589       30.77275
## 2022.5616       30.20208
## 2022.5644       29.53839
## 2022.5671       29.92874
## 2022.5699       29.66238
## 2022.5726       26.62460
## 2022.5753       27.33863
## 2022.5781       27.17299
## 2022.5808       26.37243
## 2022.5836       27.74159
## 2022.5863       30.98278
## 2022.5890       31.35750
## 2022.5918       30.56848
## 2022.5945       32.56509
## 2022.5973       32.09290
## 2022.6000       30.34205
## 2022.6027       30.29566
## 2022.6055       32.39514
## 2022.6082       32.17901
## 2022.6110       30.44402
## 2022.6137       32.19435
## 2022.6164       31.89370
## 2022.6192       30.31132
## 2022.6219       30.57616
## 2022.6247       32.19116
## 2022.6274       30.93324
## 2022.6301       28.50765
## 2022.6329       28.80340
## 2022.6356       27.92969
## 2022.6384       26.73780
## 2022.6411       27.77783
## 2022.6438       30.42075
## 2022.6466       30.68032
## 2022.6493       29.21325
## 2022.6521       30.99458
## 2022.6548       31.02463
## 2022.6575       29.55350
## 2022.6603       29.93164
## 2022.6630       31.17432
## 2022.6658       30.59571
## 2022.6685       28.64850
## 2022.6712       29.81830
## 2022.6740       29.83286
## 2022.6767       29.14009
## 2022.6795       29.70075
## 2022.6822       31.78560
## 2022.6849       30.20740
## 2022.6877       28.07117
## 2022.6904       27.09623
## 2022.6932       26.35686
## 2022.6959       24.43819
## 2022.6986       24.83931
## 2022.7014       27.79120
## 2022.7041       28.72063
## 2022.7068       27.99006
## 2022.7096       29.37486
## 2022.7123       29.48090
## 2022.7151       28.96793
## 2022.7178       29.53549
## 2022.7205       31.05175
## 2022.7233       30.56235
## 2022.7260       28.62726
## 2022.7288       29.11446
## 2022.7315       29.27687
## 2022.7342       29.28199
## 2022.7370       29.12675
## 2022.7397       31.81424
## 2022.7425       30.48770
## 2022.7452       27.90587
## 2022.7479       27.72912
## 2022.7507       27.30883
## 2022.7534       27.01329
## 2022.7562       27.09790
## 2022.7589       29.03550
## 2022.7616       29.65286
## 2022.7644       28.11179
## 2022.7671       29.55443
## 2022.7699       29.95688
## 2022.7726       29.63100
## 2022.7753       29.72534
## 2022.7781       31.41823
## 2022.7808       30.73367
## 2022.7836       29.08795
## 2022.7863       30.08124
## 2022.7890       29.58898
## 2022.7918       29.75026
## 2022.7945       29.31242
## 2022.7973       29.27345
## 2022.8000       26.40904
## 2022.8027       22.02219
## 2022.8055       20.16153
## 2022.8082       18.75452
## 2022.8110       18.82063
## 2022.8137       21.73886
## 2022.8164       27.20044
## 2022.8192       28.66364
## 2022.8219       28.84577
## 2022.8247       30.13800
## 2022.8274       29.87282
## 2022.8301       28.86281
## 2022.8329       28.30721
## 2022.8356       28.58917
## 2022.8384       26.09018
## 2022.8411       23.71787
## 2022.8438       23.95851
## 2022.8466       25.30725
## 2022.8493       25.82049
## 2022.8521       27.46053
## 2022.8548       29.14085
## 2022.8575       24.83558
## 2022.8603       23.68232
## 2022.8630       23.58727
## 2022.8658       21.38068
## 2022.8685       21.44865
## 2022.8712       24.69658
## 2022.8740       28.80390
## 2022.8767       30.66811
## 2022.8795       30.41040
## 2022.8822       33.00335
## 2022.8849       33.63116
## 2022.8877       32.50571
## 2022.8904       33.58707
## 2022.8932       34.42208
## 2022.8959       31.88225
## 2022.8986       29.30903
## 2022.9014       27.73449
## 2022.9041       26.81568
## 2022.9068       26.27387
## 2022.9096       26.36651
## 2022.9123       27.48277
## 2022.9151       25.55594
## 2022.9178       23.48963
## 2022.9205       25.80605
## 2022.9233       25.95735
## 2022.9260       26.10614
## 2022.9288       29.47621
## 2022.9315       31.13582
## 2022.9342       31.23080
## 2022.9370       30.34434
## 2022.9397       31.68942
## 2022.9425       32.39916
## 2022.9452       33.07255
## 2022.9479       34.81649
## 2022.9507       36.69391
## 2022.9534       33.65689
## 2022.9562       31.22215
## 2022.9589       30.03221
## 2022.9616       27.67694
## 2022.9644       26.34367
## 2022.9671       27.29830
## 2022.9699       28.11511
## 2022.9726       26.92858
## 2022.9753       24.96622
## 2022.9781       26.34701
## 2022.9808       26.63897
## 2022.9836       28.03821
## 2022.9863       32.06479
## 2022.9890       32.24881
## 2022.9918       30.14842
## 2022.9945       28.69961
## 2022.9973       29.52312
## 2023.0000       29.05041
## 2023.0027       28.84086
## 2023.0055       32.27748
## 2023.0082       33.18045
## 2023.0110       29.55117
## 2023.0137       28.31978
## 2023.0164       28.95594
## 2023.0192       28.24169
## 2023.0219       26.09277
## 2023.0247       27.68485
## 2023.0274       27.95974
## 2023.0301       25.89739
## 2023.0329       24.43048
## 2023.0356       25.53781
## 2023.0384       26.19971
## 2023.0411       27.62039
## 2023.0438       32.00023
## 2023.0466       33.45392
## 2023.0493       31.18657
## 2023.0521       30.31408
## 2023.0548       30.88658
## 2023.0575       29.82645
## 2023.0603       29.31636
## 2023.0630       30.60292
## 2023.0658       31.43922
## 2023.0685       29.64754
## 2023.0712       29.45544
## 2023.0740       30.35370
## 2023.0767       31.11991
## 2023.0795       30.59629
## 2023.0822       31.61984
## 2023.0849       30.16792
## 2023.0877       27.95921
## 2023.0904       27.22361
## 2023.0932       26.97284
## 2023.0959       26.75108
## 2023.0986       29.00858
## 2023.1014       32.69427
## 2023.1041       34.42020
## 2023.1068       33.86168
## 2023.1096       32.70573
## 2023.1123       32.72426
## 2023.1151       30.41771
## 2023.1178       29.20564
## 2023.1205       30.46909
## 2023.1233       30.10750
## 2023.1260       29.59198
## 2023.1288       29.28365
## 2023.1315       29.61936
## 2023.1342       30.60920
## 2023.1370       31.39837
## 2023.1397       32.62004
## 2023.1425       31.99957
## 2023.1452       30.04402
## 2023.1479       27.76883
## 2023.1507       27.43476
## 2023.1534       27.39115
## 2023.1562       29.37978
## 2023.1589       32.75714
## 2023.1616       34.35737
## 2023.1644       33.34041
## 2023.1671       32.32470
## 2023.1699       32.03641
## 2023.1726       31.13597
## 2023.1753       30.40686
## 2023.1781       30.38348
## 2023.1808       30.21926
## 2023.1836       28.33945
## 2023.1863       26.88957
## 2023.1890       27.38851
## 2023.1918       26.50045
## 2023.1945       25.93027
## 2023.1973       26.08568
## 2023.2000       24.81188
## 2023.2027       22.52912
## 2023.2055       19.59774
## 2023.2082       19.82204
## 2023.2110       20.74261
## 2023.2137       22.85500
## 2023.2164       26.94429
## 2023.2192       29.59019
## 2023.2219       29.30822
## 2023.2247       29.46285
## 2023.2274       31.26525
## 2023.2301       30.76139
## 2023.2329       30.56655
## 2023.2356       30.65295
## 2023.2384       30.02768
## 2023.2411       27.61076
## 2023.2438       24.96440
## 2023.2466       25.15705
## 2023.2493       26.23307
## 2023.2521       26.28646
## 2023.2548       29.32375
## 2023.2575       29.41309
## 2023.2603       26.50954
## 2023.2630       26.03527
## 2023.2658       25.54904
## 2023.2685       24.70090
## 2023.2712       25.86474
## 2023.2740       29.43965
## 2023.2767       33.42711
## 2023.2795       32.81628
## 2023.2822       33.06465
## 2023.2849       35.10065
## 2023.2877       34.48507
## 2023.2904       33.32995
## 2023.2932       35.63587
## 2023.2959       35.12943
## 2023.2986       32.27339
## 2023.3014       29.44491
## 2023.3041       27.91567
## 2023.3068       26.93573
## 2023.3096       25.82767
## 2023.3123       28.24004
## 2023.3151       30.58551
## 2023.3178       29.20942
## 2023.3205       28.24163
## 2023.3233       29.59200
## 2023.3260       27.85800
## 2023.3288       24.32084
## 2023.3315       26.32248
## 2023.3342       28.44601
autoplot(forecast(fit.nnetar,h=700,lambda=0)) + 
  ggtitle("Neural Network Autoregression Forecasting Model of Daily Crashes (With Pandemic Data)")

Neural Network Autoregression Forecasting Model of Daily Crashes (Without Pandemic Data)

fit.nnetar.noncovid <- nnetar(crashests.noncovid, lambda=0)

summary(fit.nnetar.noncovid)
##           Length Class        Mode     
## x         1884   ts           numeric  
## m            1   -none-       numeric  
## p            1   -none-       numeric  
## P            1   -none-       numeric  
## scalex       2   -none-       list     
## size         1   -none-       numeric  
## lambda       1   -none-       numeric  
## subset    1884   -none-       numeric  
## model       20   nnetarmodels list     
## nnetargs     0   -none-       list     
## fitted    1884   ts           numeric  
## residuals 1884   ts           numeric  
## lags        29   -none-       numeric  
## series       1   -none-       character
## method       1   -none-       character
## call         3   -none-       call
forecast(fit.nnetar.noncovid, h=700)
##           Point Forecast
## 2020.1616       77.04573
## 2020.1644       60.94922
## 2020.1671       59.87639
## 2020.1699       75.68645
## 2020.1726       69.92075
## 2020.1753       78.82208
## 2020.1781       72.79451
## 2020.1808       71.53118
## 2020.1836       61.71133
## 2020.1863       46.33741
## 2020.1890       67.96622
## 2020.1918       66.84466
## 2020.1945       78.02928
## 2020.1973       72.34191
## 2020.2000       86.45833
## 2020.2027       65.90561
## 2020.2055       57.17899
## 2020.2082       79.84267
## 2020.2110       80.54062
## 2020.2137       76.90072
## 2020.2164       78.41909
## 2020.2192      101.06887
## 2020.2219       70.34111
## 2020.2247       49.64759
## 2020.2274       75.60063
## 2020.2301       76.62892
## 2020.2329       80.69303
## 2020.2356       76.11607
## 2020.2384       93.41530
## 2020.2411       63.23933
## 2020.2438       53.05972
## 2020.2466       76.49118
## 2020.2493       82.88046
## 2020.2521       80.24416
## 2020.2548       80.11205
## 2020.2575       97.06480
## 2020.2603       68.09836
## 2020.2630       53.57693
## 2020.2658       77.93269
## 2020.2685       77.43473
## 2020.2712       81.16360
## 2020.2740       72.91241
## 2020.2767       87.60822
## 2020.2795       66.69570
## 2020.2822       53.30600
## 2020.2849       77.36029
## 2020.2877       85.14296
## 2020.2904       85.49455
## 2020.2932       75.16110
## 2020.2959       94.31097
## 2020.2986       64.09784
## 2020.3014       47.75578
## 2020.3041       65.23838
## 2020.3068       80.18383
## 2020.3096       86.12214
## 2020.3123       71.89492
## 2020.3151       87.37506
## 2020.3178       61.89629
## 2020.3205       48.81321
## 2020.3233       71.99638
## 2020.3260       83.97070
## 2020.3288       83.67479
## 2020.3315       73.74991
## 2020.3342       86.63623
## 2020.3370       68.33356
## 2020.3397       55.36511
## 2020.3425       81.46941
## 2020.3452       83.75648
## 2020.3479       81.29266
## 2020.3507       74.54569
## 2020.3534       90.10826
## 2020.3562       67.18063
## 2020.3589       54.04458
## 2020.3616       80.55049
## 2020.3644       85.46652
## 2020.3671       85.82728
## 2020.3699       77.33704
## 2020.3726       95.71200
## 2020.3753       64.89462
## 2020.3781       53.16127
## 2020.3808       76.27887
## 2020.3836       83.80243
## 2020.3863       89.03981
## 2020.3890       77.78776
## 2020.3918       94.03495
## 2020.3945       68.55278
## 2020.3973       50.60150
## 2020.4000       66.74128
## 2020.4027       60.48673
## 2020.4055       82.96384
## 2020.4082       70.43231
## 2020.4110       93.55222
## 2020.4137       65.59759
## 2020.4164       52.25232
## 2020.4192       71.23780
## 2020.4219       80.65132
## 2020.4247       83.15981
## 2020.4274       74.92137
## 2020.4301       84.38842
## 2020.4329       64.28957
## 2020.4356       51.77766
## 2020.4384       80.49411
## 2020.4411       81.43209
## 2020.4438       85.10145
## 2020.4466       74.92295
## 2020.4493       87.46590
## 2020.4521       60.38456
## 2020.4548       47.36352
## 2020.4575       68.50660
## 2020.4603       77.44713
## 2020.4630       80.22339
## 2020.4658       71.45952
## 2020.4685       88.51167
## 2020.4712       63.35657
## 2020.4740       51.43987
## 2020.4767       70.24989
## 2020.4795       75.54203
## 2020.4822       82.49840
## 2020.4849       70.30607
## 2020.4877       94.78805
## 2020.4904       66.78060
## 2020.4932       52.85167
## 2020.4959       80.51108
## 2020.4986       81.89519
## 2020.5014       82.96890
## 2020.5041       74.57548
## 2020.5068       87.70162
## 2020.5096       63.65835
## 2020.5123       48.16286
## 2020.5151       72.34394
## 2020.5178       81.40874
## 2020.5205       80.87222
## 2020.5233       76.90150
## 2020.5260       94.53679
## 2020.5288       59.51813
## 2020.5315       46.81700
## 2020.5342       70.75497
## 2020.5370       79.52363
## 2020.5397       81.83551
## 2020.5425       73.33679
## 2020.5452       89.85014
## 2020.5479       63.80243
## 2020.5507       52.50950
## 2020.5534       77.70385
## 2020.5562       82.67598
## 2020.5589       83.31630
## 2020.5616       72.79528
## 2020.5644       92.95725
## 2020.5671       64.60234
## 2020.5699       49.95106
## 2020.5726       77.76227
## 2020.5753       78.75816
## 2020.5781       84.28765
## 2020.5808       71.55644
## 2020.5836       93.31835
## 2020.5863       61.98249
## 2020.5890       51.05258
## 2020.5918       70.90504
## 2020.5945       81.25195
## 2020.5973       79.89921
## 2020.6000       72.90003
## 2020.6027       95.59196
## 2020.6055       66.10659
## 2020.6082       49.79864
## 2020.6110       73.29450
## 2020.6137       82.39875
## 2020.6164       86.96116
## 2020.6192       74.42085
## 2020.6219       87.41464
## 2020.6247       66.34476
## 2020.6274       52.29859
## 2020.6301       76.40634
## 2020.6329       82.07117
## 2020.6356       84.06909
## 2020.6384       76.21225
## 2020.6411       92.26915
## 2020.6438       66.90259
## 2020.6466       57.49406
## 2020.6493       76.00937
## 2020.6521       81.47409
## 2020.6548       84.76037
## 2020.6575       72.11031
## 2020.6603       92.27967
## 2020.6630       69.91511
## 2020.6658       53.60980
## 2020.6685       78.96303
## 2020.6712       71.35784
## 2020.6740       88.00189
## 2020.6767       76.10954
## 2020.6795       87.14090
## 2020.6822       65.42329
## 2020.6849       53.74310
## 2020.6877       73.91233
## 2020.6904       84.23533
## 2020.6932       83.37297
## 2020.6959       77.37534
## 2020.6986      101.64655
## 2020.7014       67.55832
## 2020.7041       55.17307
## 2020.7068       80.70840
## 2020.7096       82.73229
## 2020.7123       88.99064
## 2020.7151       73.81346
## 2020.7178       98.22671
## 2020.7205       69.50970
## 2020.7233       57.13860
## 2020.7260       81.35025
## 2020.7288       87.16281
## 2020.7315       87.33456
## 2020.7342       75.01042
## 2020.7370       98.79936
## 2020.7397       67.05147
## 2020.7425       59.22886
## 2020.7452       81.02933
## 2020.7479       84.58600
## 2020.7507       85.24786
## 2020.7534       75.68104
## 2020.7562      100.48155
## 2020.7589       69.93643
## 2020.7616       55.63923
## 2020.7644       77.59236
## 2020.7671       85.22465
## 2020.7699       88.70252
## 2020.7726       74.63870
## 2020.7753       93.01243
## 2020.7781       70.36878
## 2020.7808       55.23983
## 2020.7836       79.77610
## 2020.7863       86.89409
## 2020.7890       87.50088
## 2020.7918       74.95258
## 2020.7945       92.96693
## 2020.7973       74.31313
## 2020.8000       58.42824
## 2020.8027       80.85711
## 2020.8055       90.45092
## 2020.8082       86.76289
## 2020.8110       70.86841
## 2020.8137       97.67577
## 2020.8164       68.50444
## 2020.8192       57.63006
## 2020.8219       79.56806
## 2020.8247       89.95845
## 2020.8274       87.76062
## 2020.8301       73.64019
## 2020.8329       94.68818
## 2020.8356       75.29135
## 2020.8384       56.26442
## 2020.8411       77.72404
## 2020.8438       91.11464
## 2020.8466       88.26649
## 2020.8493       76.80802
## 2020.8521       99.44121
## 2020.8548       75.44706
## 2020.8575       55.66398
## 2020.8603       75.03600
## 2020.8630       85.61245
## 2020.8658       88.05866
## 2020.8685       76.30092
## 2020.8712       89.64814
## 2020.8740       77.95634
## 2020.8767       55.75298
## 2020.8795       69.82684
## 2020.8822       86.80269
## 2020.8849       87.51116
## 2020.8877       74.06477
## 2020.8904       94.04787
## 2020.8932       71.26216
## 2020.8959       57.28709
## 2020.8986       75.12475
## 2020.9014       87.19897
## 2020.9041       86.99969
## 2020.9068       75.20943
## 2020.9096       70.08971
## 2020.9123       60.33649
## 2020.9151       51.37849
## 2020.9178       71.09995
## 2020.9205       87.14737
## 2020.9233       89.39020
## 2020.9260       82.58349
## 2020.9288       95.48206
## 2020.9315       70.05867
## 2020.9342       58.89683
## 2020.9370       79.56998
## 2020.9397       83.86080
## 2020.9425       81.42556
## 2020.9452       67.94978
## 2020.9479       90.22405
## 2020.9507       74.72472
## 2020.9534       58.23412
## 2020.9562       79.57409
## 2020.9589       87.94643
## 2020.9616       88.55055
## 2020.9644       76.79887
## 2020.9671       97.02314
## 2020.9699       71.08622
## 2020.9726       54.35943
## 2020.9753       85.01376
## 2020.9781       89.33551
## 2020.9808       83.59414
## 2020.9836       60.49612
## 2020.9863       69.49238
## 2020.9890       58.33250
## 2020.9918       43.85262
## 2020.9945       55.28396
## 2020.9973       77.28211
## 2021.0000       75.76514
## 2021.0027       68.11370
## 2021.0055       83.38649
## 2021.0082       63.60831
## 2021.0110       49.51219
## 2021.0137       69.86436
## 2021.0164       83.32660
## 2021.0192       78.53200
## 2021.0219       71.56023
## 2021.0247       80.63197
## 2021.0274       69.63231
## 2021.0301       51.59324
## 2021.0329       76.41299
## 2021.0356       83.24215
## 2021.0384       84.56823
## 2021.0411       78.43891
## 2021.0438       83.38060
## 2021.0466       66.08113
## 2021.0493       51.24607
## 2021.0521       71.10660
## 2021.0548       75.98633
## 2021.0575       78.49679
## 2021.0603       77.16217
## 2021.0630       95.51754
## 2021.0658       65.99821
## 2021.0685       55.19454
## 2021.0712       71.87160
## 2021.0740       81.89586
## 2021.0767       84.27474
## 2021.0795       74.13710
## 2021.0822       93.26366
## 2021.0849       68.59016
## 2021.0877       51.73507
## 2021.0904       79.55370
## 2021.0932       84.31221
## 2021.0959       82.27351
## 2021.0986       75.47054
## 2021.1014       97.76575
## 2021.1041       67.78805
## 2021.1068       53.28642
## 2021.1096       78.09241
## 2021.1123       83.73459
## 2021.1151       82.76860
## 2021.1178       75.00227
## 2021.1205       95.90296
## 2021.1233       68.76062
## 2021.1260       55.16757
## 2021.1288       76.07609
## 2021.1315       84.36146
## 2021.1342       83.12511
## 2021.1370       71.72116
## 2021.1397       89.17385
## 2021.1425       66.15708
## 2021.1452       54.95705
## 2021.1479       74.51909
## 2021.1507       84.23662
## 2021.1534       87.23484
## 2021.1562       75.23170
## 2021.1589       92.52187
## 2021.1616       67.83515
## 2021.1644       55.10655
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## 2021.1699       86.25529
## 2021.1726       88.14921
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## 2021.1808       70.52594
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## 2021.1890       88.17780
## 2021.1918       87.45263
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## 2021.2000       73.73601
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## 2021.2110       89.95207
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## 2021.3589       76.94344
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## 2021.3918       77.72841
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## 2021.5562       88.47311
## 2021.5589       79.14525
## 2021.5616       92.07066
## 2021.5644       77.98007
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## 2021.5699       73.59280
## 2021.5726       86.49024
## 2021.5753       88.19592
## 2021.5781       75.08728
## 2021.5808       87.70416
## 2021.5836       75.14798
## 2021.5863       57.83588
## 2021.5890       74.74929
## 2021.5918       88.72771
## 2021.5945       86.26585
## 2021.5973       79.44492
## 2021.6000       89.97633
## 2021.6027       76.03414
## 2021.6055       60.85027
## 2021.6082       79.45074
## 2021.6110       88.85251
## 2021.6137       89.24840
## 2021.6164       78.32513
## 2021.6192       94.84185
## 2021.6219       75.94898
## 2021.6247       59.50506
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## 2021.6301       89.16352
## 2021.6329       87.30942
## 2021.6356       78.82626
## 2021.6384       93.63660
## 2021.6411       76.50114
## 2021.6438       58.99513
## 2021.6466       77.89156
## 2021.6493       92.68255
## 2021.6521       89.70742
## 2021.6548       78.80094
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## 2021.6630       57.79386
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## 2021.6685       91.33788
## 2021.6712       87.09516
## 2021.6740       76.40592
## 2021.6767       93.53467
## 2021.6795       76.71944
## 2021.6822       56.93021
## 2021.6849       73.67995
## 2021.6877       88.85051
## 2021.6904       88.36299
## 2021.6932       76.20559
## 2021.6959       93.24907
## 2021.6986       75.03761
## 2021.7014       56.38319
## 2021.7041       76.46109
## 2021.7068       88.06454
## 2021.7096       86.85336
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## 2021.7507       77.27534
## 2021.7534       92.82716
## 2021.7562       79.89740
## 2021.7589       59.05928
## 2021.7616       75.53740
## 2021.7644       90.94429
## 2021.7671       88.67608
## 2021.7699       77.68622
## 2021.7726       94.81237
## 2021.7753       78.06386
## 2021.7781       58.02824
## 2021.7808       73.91081
## 2021.7836       89.53555
## 2021.7863       87.90714
## 2021.7890       76.30149
## 2021.7918       92.99625
## 2021.7945       78.47465
## 2021.7973       58.11439
## 2021.8000       74.32835
## 2021.8027       88.21762
## 2021.8055       88.16772
## 2021.8082       75.00262
## 2021.8110       92.43980
## 2021.8137       78.56823
## 2021.8164       58.34777
## 2021.8192       74.88789
## 2021.8219       89.95752
## 2021.8247       88.10689
## 2021.8274       77.73146
## 2021.8301       91.32017
## 2021.8329       78.45860
## 2021.8356       60.04927
## 2021.8384       75.34010
## 2021.8411       89.63867
## 2021.8438       87.59517
## 2021.8466       77.97280
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## 2021.8521       81.12837
## 2021.8548       61.22098
## 2021.8575       75.10052
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## 2021.8685       92.20050
## 2021.8712       79.33247
## 2021.8740       61.27262
## 2021.8767       75.34951
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## 2021.8849       77.82253
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## 2021.8986       91.28073
## 2021.9014       89.23498
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## 2021.9068       92.91719
## 2021.9096       74.41048
## 2021.9123       57.22634
## 2021.9151       72.10938
## 2021.9178       90.42958
## 2021.9205       88.86014
## 2021.9233       80.67360
## 2021.9260       93.48500
## 2021.9288       80.11853
## 2021.9315       57.09471
## 2021.9342       75.43218
## 2021.9370       87.36060
## 2021.9397       88.03450
## 2021.9425       75.30713
## 2021.9452       88.42444
## 2021.9479       76.85293
## 2021.9507       60.25703
## 2021.9534       75.65961
## 2021.9562       92.45846
## 2021.9589       85.99456
## 2021.9616       80.79771
## 2021.9644       91.33427
## 2021.9671       77.88074
## 2021.9699       61.79373
## 2021.9726       81.19654
## 2021.9753       90.67785
## 2021.9781       89.26478
## 2021.9808       78.19009
## 2021.9836       89.49952
## 2021.9863       72.22187
## 2021.9890       57.11484
## 2021.9918       69.85080
## 2021.9945       89.30393
## 2021.9973       86.05293
## 2022.0000       81.29112
## 2022.0027       91.68289
## 2022.0055       73.30538
## 2022.0082       54.41175
## 2022.0110       74.29040
## 2022.0137       88.85811
## 2022.0164       89.23739
## 2022.0192       76.05816
## 2022.0219       91.13153
## 2022.0247       75.55995
## 2022.0274       57.22264
## 2022.0301       76.85137
## 2022.0329       90.61144
## 2022.0356       85.69006
## 2022.0384       77.74873
## 2022.0411       91.61133
## 2022.0438       74.35104
## 2022.0466       58.64000
## 2022.0493       80.96503
## 2022.0521       88.69130
## 2022.0548       90.72422
## 2022.0575       78.67348
## 2022.0603       91.29219
## 2022.0630       77.00824
## 2022.0658       57.04528
## 2022.0685       81.85164
## 2022.0712       87.49263
## 2022.0740       87.91187
## 2022.0767       79.33458
autoplot(forecast(fit.nnetar.noncovid,h=700,lambda=0)) + 
  ggtitle("Neural Network Autoregression Forecasting Model of Daily Crashes (Without Pandemic Data)")

Neural Network Autoregression Forecasting Model of Monthly Crashes (With Pandemic Data)

fit.nnetar.monthly <- nnetar(crashes_mts4, lambda=0)

summary(fit.nnetar.monthly)
##           Length Class        Mode     
## x         77     ts           numeric  
## m          1     -none-       numeric  
## p          1     -none-       numeric  
## P          1     -none-       numeric  
## scalex     2     -none-       list     
## size       1     -none-       numeric  
## lambda     1     -none-       numeric  
## subset    77     -none-       numeric  
## model     20     nnetarmodels list     
## nnetargs   0     -none-       list     
## fitted    77     ts           numeric  
## residuals 77     ts           numeric  
## lags       2     -none-       numeric  
## series     1     -none-       character
## method     1     -none-       character
## call       3     -none-       call
forecast(fit.nnetar.monthly, h=20)
##        Jan      Feb      Mar      Apr      May      Jun      Jul      Aug
## 7                                              1759.328 1729.172 1716.013
## 8 1713.474 1712.122 1722.376 1709.177 1697.003 1681.801 1660.350 1630.147
## 9 1253.299                                                               
##        Sep      Oct      Nov      Dec
## 7 1704.902 1738.270 1724.433 1714.147
## 8 1586.095 1514.540 1410.225 1304.669
## 9
autoplot(forecast(fit.nnetar.monthly,h=20,lambda=0)) + 
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7, 8, 9), 
                     labels = c("Jan 2015", "Jan 2016", "Jan 2017", "Jan 2018", 
                                "Jan 2019", "Jan 2020", "Jan 2021", "Jan 2022", 
                                "Jan 2023")) + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90))
## Scale for 'x' is already present. Adding another scale for 'x', which will
## replace the existing scale.

Neural Network Autoregression Forecasting Model of Monthly Crashes (Without Pandemic Data)

fit.nnetar.monthly.noncovid <- nnetar(crashes_mts4.noncovid, lambda=0)

summary(fit.nnetar.monthly.noncovid)
##           Length Class        Mode     
## x         62     ts           numeric  
## m          1     -none-       numeric  
## p          1     -none-       numeric  
## P          1     -none-       numeric  
## scalex     2     -none-       list     
## size       1     -none-       numeric  
## lambda     1     -none-       numeric  
## subset    62     -none-       numeric  
## model     20     nnetarmodels list     
## nnetargs   0     -none-       list     
## fitted    62     ts           numeric  
## residuals 62     ts           numeric  
## lags       5     -none-       numeric  
## series     1     -none-       character
## method     1     -none-       character
## call       3     -none-       call
forecast(fit.nnetar.monthly.noncovid, h=25)
##        Jan      Feb      Mar      Apr      May      Jun      Jul      Aug
## 6                   2247.570 2283.238 2209.483 2106.993 2024.162 2255.373
## 7 2063.608 1963.789 2256.596 2347.372 2206.145 2133.957 2026.317 2293.893
## 8 2041.301 1951.809 2249.241                                             
##        Sep      Oct      Nov      Dec
## 6 2266.853 2652.019 2367.145 2337.551
## 7 2308.170 2625.299 2355.672 2339.312
## 8
autoplot(forecast(fit.nnetar.monthly.noncovid,h=25,lambda=0)) + 
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7, 8), 
                     labels = c("Jan 2015", "Jan 2016", "Jan 2017", "Jan 2018", 
                                "Jan 2019", "Jan 2020", "Jan 2021", "Jan 2022")) + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90))
## Scale for 'x' is already present. Adding another scale for 'x', which will
## replace the existing scale.

Comparing Models

Ending at end of 2019 while predicting and comparing Jan and Feb 2020 daily time series plots with real data.

2015-2019 Daily Time Series

crashes_ts.2019 = crashes %>%
  filter(as.Date(crash_date) >= "2015/01/01" & as.Date(crash_date) <= "2019/12/31") %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  group_by(Date) %>%
  summarize(count = length(unique(key_crash)))

crashes_ts.2019 %>%
  filter(as.Date(Date) >= "2015/01/01") %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = as.Date(Date), y = count)) + 
  geom_line() + 
  scale_x_date(date_labels = "%m-%Y", date_breaks = "6 month") + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90))

2015-2019 Time Series Forecast of Daily Crashes Using Linear Model

#Converting crashes_ts.2019 to a time series object 
crashests.2019 <- ts(crashes_ts.2019$count, start = c(2015,1), end = c(2019,365),
                         frequency = 365)

#Converting crashes_ts to a time series object 
crashests.2019.2 <- as.ts(crashes_ts.noncovid, start = c(2015,1), end = c(2020,365), 
                             frequency = 365)

#Least squares estimation
fit.crashes.2019.2 <- tslm(count ~ Date, data=crashests.2019.2)
summary(fit.crashes.2019.2)
## 
## Call:
## tslm(formula = count ~ Date, data = crashests.2019.2)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -48.121 -11.832  -0.046  10.794 172.355 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 6.646e+01  8.401e-01  79.113  < 2e-16 ***
## Date        3.358e-03  7.708e-04   4.357 1.39e-05 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 18.24 on 1885 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.009969,   Adjusted R-squared:  0.009444 
## F-statistic: 18.98 on 1 and 1885 DF,  p-value: 1.391e-05
#Fitted values (linear plot through ts)
autoplot(crashests.2019.2[,'count'], series="Data") +
  autolayer(fitted(fit.crashes.2019.2), series="Fitted") +
  xlab("Date") + ylab("") +
  ggtitle("2015-2019 Number of Daily Car Crashes") +
  guides(colour=guide_legend(title=" ")) + 
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(0, 365, 731, 1096, 1461, 1826), 
                     labels = c("Jan 2015", "Jan 2016", "Jan 2017", "Jan 2018", 
                                "Jan 2019", "Jan 2020")) + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90))
## Scale for 'x' is already present. Adding another scale for 'x', which will
## replace the existing scale.

2015-2019 Time Series Forecast of Daily Crashes Using HoltWinters

twentynineteen <- HoltWinters(crashests.2019)

summary(twentynineteen)
##              Length Class  Mode     
## fitted       5840   mts    numeric  
## x            1825   ts     numeric  
## alpha           1   -none- numeric  
## beta            1   -none- numeric  
## gamma           1   -none- numeric  
## coefficients  367   -none- numeric  
## seasonal        1   -none- character
## SSE             1   -none- numeric  
## call            2   -none- call
plot(fitted(twentynineteen), main = "Box Jenkins Decomposition of Daily Crashes") 

fcast.2019 <- forecast(noncovid, 10)

summary(fcast.2019)
##       fit       
##  Min.   :59.09  
##  1st Qu.:68.05  
##  Median :69.93  
##  Mean   :72.98  
##  3rd Qu.:76.89  
##  Max.   :88.69
autoplot(fcast.2019) +
  ggtitle("2015-2019 Forecasts of Daily Car Crashes Using HoltWinters") +
  xlab("Year") + ylab("Crashes")

2015-2019 Seasonal and Trend Decomposition Using Loess Forecasting Model of Daily Crashes

crashests.2019 %>% mstl() %>%
  autoplot()

p <- crashests.2019 %>%
  stlf(lambda = 0, h = 200) 

p %>%
  autoplot() + 
  ggtitle("2015-2019 Seasonal and Trend Decomposition Using Loess Forecasting Model for Daily Car Crashes") +
  xlab("Year") + ylab("Daily Crashes")

p %>% summary()
## 
## Forecast method: STL +  ETS(A,A,N)
## 
## Model Information:
## ETS(A,A,N) 
## 
## Call:
##  ets(y = na.interp(x), model = etsmodel, allow.multiplicative.trend = allow.multiplicative.trend) 
## 
##   Smoothing parameters:
##     alpha = 2e-04 
##     beta  = 2e-04 
## 
##   Initial states:
##     l = 4.0692 
##     b = 1e-04 
## 
##   sigma:  0.2248
## 
##      AIC     AICc      BIC 
## 8263.292 8263.325 8290.839 
## 
## Error measures:
##                   ME     RMSE      MAE       MPE     MAPE      MASE      ACF1
## Training set 1.69447 15.30075 11.57512 -2.622692 17.96776 0.6741266 0.1518741
## 
## Forecasts:
##           Point Forecast    Lo 80     Hi 80    Lo 95     Hi 95
## 2020.0000       46.64954 34.97128  62.22762 30.02401  72.48132
## 2020.0027       45.84185 34.36579  61.15022 29.50417  71.22638
## 2020.0055       55.77283 41.81064  74.39753 35.89582  86.65656
## 2020.0082       73.95440 55.44063  98.65064 47.59762 114.90604
## 2020.0110       82.99149 62.21536 110.70558 53.41395 128.94737
## 2020.0137       69.66936 52.22829  92.93468 44.83971 108.24823
## 2020.0164       65.89617 49.39967  87.90149 42.41124 102.38570
## 2020.0192       66.57393 49.90775  88.80562 42.84744 103.43883
## 2020.0219       65.57412 49.15821  87.47197 42.20393 101.88544
## 2020.0247       66.85874 50.12121  89.18562 43.03068 103.88148
## 2020.0274       67.97144 50.95533  90.66994 43.74679 105.61043
## 2020.0301       79.99575 59.96941 106.70975 51.48564 124.29330
## 2020.0329       81.59832 61.17074 108.84758 52.51700 126.78345
## 2020.0356       65.55622 49.14461  87.44839 42.19218 101.85816
## 2020.0384       57.02764 42.75107  76.07182 36.70310  88.60701
## 2020.0411       54.63985 40.96100  72.88672 35.16624  84.89712
## 2020.0438       63.37922 47.51244  84.54471 40.79083  98.47621
## 2020.0466       60.22915 45.15091  80.34279 38.76335  93.58196
## 2020.0493       69.48043 52.08606  92.68373 44.71734 107.95658
## 2020.0521       64.47875 48.33646  86.01187 41.49815 100.18541
## 2020.0548       68.39787 51.27432  91.24001 44.02033 106.27519
## 2020.0575       47.59271 35.67769  63.48690 30.63018  73.94882
## 2020.0603       58.41665 43.79170  77.92583 37.59621  90.76724
## 2020.0630       74.16633 55.59820  98.93565 47.73231 115.23943
## 2020.0658       78.68664 58.98664 104.96593 50.64128 122.26365
## 2020.0685       73.61182 55.18217  98.19656 47.37498 114.37893
## 2020.0712       66.60628 49.93039  88.85165 42.86614 103.49420
## 2020.0740       65.90677 49.40582  87.91884 42.41571 102.40787
## 2020.0767       72.33012 54.22075  96.48789 46.54930 112.38935
## 2020.0795       76.79520 57.56765 102.44472 49.42255 119.32815
## 2020.0822       65.24917 48.91223  87.04273 41.99166 101.38808
## 2020.0849       62.42483 46.79481  83.27546 40.17373  97.00019
## 2020.0877       74.07631 55.52869  98.81919 47.67171 115.10602
## 2020.0904       71.87870 53.88103  95.88807 46.25704 111.69213
## 2020.0932       69.53815 52.12622  92.76626 44.75040 108.05613
## 2020.0959       67.62449 50.69141  90.21393 43.51847 105.08346
## 2020.0986       77.11773 57.80718 102.87900 49.62717 119.83647
## 2020.1014       68.49961 51.34671  91.38261 44.08073 106.44553
## 2020.1041       65.53042 49.12068  87.42217 42.16953 101.83268
## 2020.1068       71.77722 53.80278  95.75658 46.18887 111.54137
## 2020.1096       70.43237 52.79427  93.96319 45.32289 109.45282
## 2020.1123       61.05898 45.76783  81.45892 39.29065  94.88767
## 2020.1151       68.77416 51.55043  91.75258 44.25467 106.87877
## 2020.1178       71.97723 53.95083  96.02674 46.31512 111.85811
## 2020.1205       65.70883 49.25184  87.66474 42.28097 102.11805
## 2020.1233       82.20998 61.61960 109.68069 52.89797 127.76446
## 2020.1260       79.49104 59.58102 106.05435 51.14764 123.54091
## 2020.1288       70.35448 52.73229  93.86567 45.26805 109.34317
## 2020.1315       61.77558 46.30168  82.42082 39.74745  96.01176
## 2020.1342       60.44798 45.30608  80.65050 38.89253  93.95012
## 2020.1370       60.13942 45.07425  80.23981 38.69327  93.47232
## 2020.1397       60.97706 45.70147  81.35847 39.23142  94.77611
## 2020.1425       63.90892 47.89821  85.27146 41.11688  99.33513
## 2020.1452       76.72931 57.50598 102.37869 49.36403 119.26471
## 2020.1479       96.52462 72.34084 128.79312 62.09803 150.03702
## 2020.1507       72.59197 54.40358  96.86116 46.70015 112.83891
## 2020.1534       68.61099 51.41926  91.55068 44.13804 106.65332
## 2020.1562       73.04427 54.74082  97.46777 46.98885 113.54749
## 2020.1589       71.62652 53.67743  95.57756 46.07564 111.34643
## 2020.1616       66.75064 50.02255  89.07279 42.93797 103.76941
## 2020.1644       81.76574 61.27369 109.11105 52.59514 127.11511
## 2020.1671       82.89406 62.11809 110.61876 53.31942 128.87285
## 2020.1699       67.72453 50.74957  90.37736 43.56075 105.29231
## 2020.1726       69.35053 51.96700  92.54905 44.60527 107.82352
## 2020.1753       75.25178 56.38788 100.42635 48.39936 117.00216
## 2020.1781       65.67436 49.21028  87.64677 42.23815 102.11438
## 2020.1808       66.54399 49.86083  88.80925 42.79604 103.46992
## 2020.1836       71.48393 53.56109  95.40418 45.97147 111.15485
## 2020.1863       74.15153 55.55859  98.96668 47.68535 115.30690
## 2020.1890       66.99707 50.19688  89.42004 43.08291 104.18532
## 2020.1918       69.88688 52.36077  93.27928 44.93956 108.68320
## 2020.1945       66.86295 50.09394  89.24541 42.99345 103.98456
## 2020.1973       69.76364 52.26581  93.11949 44.85686 108.49992
## 2020.2000       75.16740 56.31274 100.33497 48.32945 116.90879
## 2020.2027       91.70344 68.69911 122.41092 58.95900 142.63339
## 2020.2055       86.06192 64.47101 114.88348 55.32954 133.86436
## 2020.2082       66.96725 50.16532  89.39667 43.05164 104.16822
## 2020.2110       73.80540 55.28618  98.52800 47.44560 114.81014
## 2020.2137       65.54331 49.09575  87.50098 42.13242 101.96248
## 2020.2164       67.01956 50.20000  89.47452 43.07936 104.26389
## 2020.2192       70.92262 53.12187  94.68828 45.58601 110.34127
## 2020.2219       75.66783 56.67426 101.02683 48.63363 117.72965
## 2020.2247       77.61956 58.13416 103.63606 49.88554 120.77238
## 2020.2274       68.19196 51.07152  91.05160 43.82423 106.10896
## 2020.2301       63.20937 47.33823  84.40164 40.61997  98.36109
## 2020.2329       66.96783 50.15122  89.42337 43.03293 104.21533
## 2020.2356       68.88242 51.58315  91.98328 44.26077 107.20074
## 2020.2384       75.67503 56.66775 101.05765 48.62265 117.77865
## 2020.2411       75.97766 56.89222 101.46563 48.81426 118.25651
## 2020.2438       73.53177 55.05860  98.20303 47.24003 114.45636
## 2020.2466       71.85959 53.80439  95.97360 46.16295 111.86028
## 2020.2493       60.98501 45.66027  81.45313 39.17465  94.93824
## 2020.2521       65.50271 49.04070  87.49069 42.07399 101.97759
## 2020.2548       73.44143 54.98196  98.09843 47.17019 114.34434
## 2020.2575       72.61610 54.36173  97.00019 46.63701 113.06680
## 2020.2603       83.30796 62.36310 111.28721 53.50016 129.72328
## 2020.2630       76.47920 57.24863 102.16959 49.11137 119.09804
## 2020.2658       70.27762 52.60401  93.88912 45.12584 109.44825
## 2020.2685       81.65550 61.11769 109.09478 52.42792 127.17691
## 2020.2712       70.31155 52.62443  93.94332 45.14110 109.51691
## 2020.2740       66.05216 49.43410  88.25664 42.40335 102.89017
## 2020.2767       70.73268 52.93442  94.51530 45.40465 110.18945
## 2020.2795       83.21739 62.27448 111.20339 53.41468 129.64852
## 2020.2822       93.67888 70.09956 125.18954 60.12484 145.95851
## 2020.2849       70.36746 52.65294  94.04182 45.15950 109.64644
## 2020.2877       68.61368 51.33791  91.70292 44.03038 106.92247
## 2020.2904       70.55970 52.79108  94.30894 45.27539 109.96418
## 2020.2932       71.31292 53.35166  95.32099 45.75481 111.14750
## 2020.2959       81.30750 60.82550 108.68648 52.16288 126.73591
## 2020.2986       81.56709 61.01618 109.03977 52.32480 127.15175
## 2020.3014       75.02738 56.12086 100.30331 48.12530 116.96775
## 2020.3041       69.21327 51.76879  92.53602 44.39186 107.91342
## 2020.3068       75.89836 56.76551 101.47994 48.67500 118.34742
## 2020.3096       73.51538 54.97985  98.29986 47.14229 114.64253
## 2020.3123       85.64584 64.04780 114.52711 54.91575 133.57206
## 2020.3151       79.68204 59.58413 106.55904 51.08678 124.28317
## 2020.3178       86.00140 64.30539 115.01743 55.13284 134.15310
## 2020.3205       78.64684 58.80231 105.18849 50.41295 122.69319
## 2020.3233       70.67530 52.83862  94.53308 45.29849 110.26852
## 2020.3260       70.74635 52.88812  94.63460 45.33928 110.39094
## 2020.3288       76.88220 57.47112 102.84944 49.26633 119.97794
## 2020.3315       75.68575 56.57275 101.25605 48.49439 118.12361
## 2020.3342       84.37211 63.06100 112.88519 54.05409 131.69499
## 2020.3370       83.10021 62.10582 111.19158 53.23328 129.72419
## 2020.3397       78.22478 58.45778 104.67582 50.10444 122.12723
## 2020.3425       76.44967 57.12693 102.30819 48.96180 119.36963
## 2020.3452       78.22115 58.44618 104.68686 50.09047 122.14994
## 2020.3479       68.63740 51.28130  91.86764 43.94810 107.19672
## 2020.3507       72.23009 53.96126  96.68392 46.24289 112.82136
## 2020.3534       72.40214 54.08546  96.92198 46.34736 113.10395
## 2020.3562       72.88255 54.43990  97.57303 46.64908 113.86861
## 2020.3589       80.21175 59.90953 107.39402 51.33371 125.33527
## 2020.3616       67.48975 50.40334  90.36834 43.18638 105.46997
## 2020.3644       75.89742 56.67761 101.63480 48.56009 118.62452
## 2020.3671       68.32363 51.01736  91.50058 43.70852 106.80110
## 2020.3699       78.03242 58.26183 104.51197 49.91282 121.99388
## 2020.3726       80.01002 59.73307 107.17017 51.17082 125.10260
## 2020.3753       85.23196 63.62588 114.17504 54.50303 133.28594
## 2020.3781       78.79026 58.81176 105.55551 50.37673 123.22962
## 2020.3808       73.02951 54.50668  97.84689 46.68682 114.23587
## 2020.3836       61.89258 46.19013  82.93313 39.56144  96.82893
## 2020.3863       73.21420 54.63419  98.11291 46.79134 114.55793
## 2020.3890       66.23115 49.41849  88.76364 42.32220 103.64689
## 2020.3918       84.12928 62.76707 112.76193 53.75120 131.67588
## 2020.3945       78.96482 58.90812 105.85029 50.44390 123.61142
## 2020.3973       77.42895 57.75655 103.80195 49.45516 121.22584
## 2020.4000       59.67012 44.50517  80.00245 38.10635  93.43647
## 2020.4027       51.10295 38.11139  68.52314 32.63006  80.03393
## 2020.4055       56.49766 42.13022  75.76475 36.06889  88.49692
## 2020.4082       65.17575 48.59631  87.41155 41.60236 102.10668
## 2020.4110       74.45441 55.50869  99.86651 47.51721 116.66212
## 2020.4137       86.00151 64.11053 115.36731 54.87750 134.77762
## 2020.4164       79.23783 59.06198 106.30584 50.55309 124.19883
## 2020.4192       74.49627 55.52154  99.95570 47.51990 116.78675
## 2020.4219       78.43657 58.45161 105.25450 50.02470 122.98515
## 2020.4247       67.66687 50.42017  90.81298 43.14853 106.11731
## 2020.4274       87.69179 65.33363 117.70124 55.90773 137.54538
## 2020.4301       78.36863 58.38068 105.19989 49.95480 122.94397
## 2020.4329       81.12785 60.42899 108.91674 51.70424 127.29573
## 2020.4356       78.41290 58.39971 105.28448 49.96476 123.05838
## 2020.4384       73.39360 54.65482  98.55708 46.75776 115.20270
## 2020.4411       77.01808 57.34685 103.43698 49.05761 120.91465
## 2020.4438       73.92295 55.03539  99.29253 47.07717 116.07757
## 2020.4466       70.05329 52.14787  94.10670 44.60420 110.02244
## 2020.4493       79.78858 59.38727 107.19835 50.79293 125.33668
## 2020.4521       75.76590 56.38588 101.80690 48.22260 119.04110
## 2020.4548       73.20091 54.46987  98.37315 46.58076 115.03403
## 2020.4575       78.91220 58.71197 106.06244 50.20495 124.03428
## 2020.4603       71.36281 53.08801  95.92845 45.39266 112.19106
## 2020.4630       69.33982 51.57611  93.22167 44.09676 109.03320
## 2020.4658       70.46577 52.40645  94.74836 44.80345 110.82685
## 2020.4685       67.86725 50.46691  91.26700 43.14214 106.76252
## 2020.4712       80.28936 59.69581 107.98718 51.02778 126.33084
## 2020.4740       65.54300 48.72488  88.16614 41.64675 103.15054
## 2020.4767       62.94662 46.78804  84.68568 39.98825  99.08604
## 2020.4795       65.82244 48.91856  88.56747 41.80594 103.63583
## 2020.4822       65.66132 48.79170  88.36357 41.69430 103.40523
## 2020.4849       72.09635 53.56555  97.03782 45.77015 113.56492
## 2020.4877       73.17985 54.36245  98.51084 46.44741 115.29792
## 2020.4904       80.95889 60.13213 108.99901 51.37295 127.58354
## 2020.4932       74.92009 55.63834 100.88403 47.52991 118.09447
## 2020.4959       68.10538 50.56971  91.72177 43.19644 107.37792
## 2020.4986       64.31379 47.74694  86.62887 40.78188 101.42405
## 2020.5014       60.61531 44.99409  81.65996 38.42741  95.61446
## 2020.5041       63.94551 47.45853  86.16003 40.52876 100.89201
## 2020.5068       39.60470 29.38876  53.37184 25.09536  62.50288
## 2020.5096       68.17226 50.57918  91.88477 43.18637 107.61396
## 2020.5123       68.28168 50.65207  92.04732 43.24486 107.81369
## 2020.5151       59.03385 43.78469  79.59392 37.37847  93.23536
## 2020.5178       66.73928 49.49145  89.99801 42.24653 105.43190
## 2020.5205       70.36338 52.17015  94.90112 44.52912 111.18579
## 2020.5233       64.79919 48.03645  87.41142 40.99716 102.42013
## 2020.5260       75.74017 56.13748 102.18794 47.90670 119.74471
## 2020.5288       68.56589 50.81118  92.52454 43.35734 108.43103
## 2020.5315       73.69750 54.60441  99.46672 46.58979 116.57751
## 2020.5342       74.92932 55.50726 101.14718 47.35569 118.55817
## 2020.5370       68.50965 50.74253  92.49780 43.28658 108.43019
## 2020.5397       74.68855 55.30902 100.85841 47.17758 118.24219
## 2020.5425       67.85986 50.24301  91.65374 42.85223 107.46138
## 2020.5452       69.94674 51.77860  94.48974 44.15763 110.79730

2015-2019 Monthly Time Series

crashes_mts.2019 = crashes %>%
  filter(as.Date(crash_date) >= "2015/01/01" & as.Date(crash_date) <= "2019/12/31") %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  group_by(Date) %>%
  summarize(count = length(unique(key_crash))) %>%
  separate(Date, into = c("Year", "Month", "Day"), sep = "/") %>%
  group_by(Year, Month) %>%
  summarise(mcount = sum(count)) %>%
  tidyr::spread(key=Month, value=mcount)

crashes_mts.2019 = as.data.frame(crashes_mts.2019)

rownames(crashes_mts.2019) = seq(2015, 2019)

crashes_mts3.2019 = crashes_mts.2019 %>%
  select(02:13)

crashes_mts2.2019 <- ts(c(t(crashes_mts3.2019)), frequency=12)

crashes_mts4.2019 <- window(crashes_mts2.2019, start=c(1,01), end=c(5,12), 
                            frequency=12)

2015-2019 Time Series Forecast of Monthly Crashes Using Linear Model

fit.crashes.2019 <- tslm(crashes_mts4.2019 ~ trend + season)

summary(fit.crashes.2019)
## 
## Call:
## tslm(formula = crashes_mts4.2019 ~ trend + season)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -226.48  -45.81  -10.22   65.74  165.12 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 1891.2535    42.7548  44.235  < 2e-16 ***
## trend          2.6299     0.6693   3.929 0.000278 ***
## season2      -67.2299    55.6461  -1.208 0.233026    
## season3      131.3403    55.6582   2.360 0.022491 *  
## season4      146.1104    55.6783   2.624 0.011678 *  
## season5      179.0806    55.7064   3.215 0.002362 ** 
## season6       88.2507    55.7426   1.583 0.120087    
## season7      -11.1792    55.7868  -0.200 0.842039    
## season8      194.7910    55.8389   3.488 0.001066 ** 
## season9      115.9611    55.8991   2.074 0.043537 *  
## season10     487.7312    55.9671   8.715 2.23e-11 ***
## season11     260.5014    56.0431   4.648 2.73e-05 ***
## season12     269.6715    56.1270   4.805 1.62e-05 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 87.98 on 47 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.7999, Adjusted R-squared:  0.7489 
## F-statistic: 15.66 on 12 and 47 DF,  p-value: 1.409e-12
fcast.2019 <- forecast::forecast(fit.crashes.2019)

summary(fcast.2019)
## 
## Forecast method: Linear regression model
## 
## Model Information:
## 
## Call:
## tslm(formula = crashes_mts4.2019 ~ trend + season)
## 
## Coefficients:
## (Intercept)        trend      season2      season3      season4      season5  
##     1891.25         2.63       -67.23       131.34       146.11       179.08  
##     season6      season7      season8      season9     season10     season11  
##       88.25       -11.18       194.79       115.96       487.73       260.50  
##    season12  
##      269.67  
## 
## 
## Error measures:
##                         ME     RMSE      MAE       MPE     MAPE      MASE
## Training set -1.136536e-14 77.86576 61.82111 -0.143685 2.986605 0.6223602
##                   ACF1
## Training set 0.1673149
## 
## Forecasts:
##       Point Forecast    Lo 80    Hi 80    Lo 95    Hi 95
## Jan 6       2051.675 1922.549 2180.801 1851.827 2251.523
## Feb 6       1987.075 1857.949 2116.201 1787.227 2186.923
## Mar 6       2188.275 2059.149 2317.401 1988.427 2388.123
## Apr 6       2205.675 2076.549 2334.801 2005.827 2405.523
## May 6       2241.275 2112.149 2370.401 2041.427 2441.123
## Jun 6       2153.075 2023.949 2282.201 1953.227 2352.923
## Jul 6       2056.275 1927.149 2185.401 1856.427 2256.123
## Aug 6       2264.875 2135.749 2394.001 2065.027 2464.723
## Sep 6       2188.675 2059.549 2317.801 1988.827 2388.523
## Oct 6       2563.075 2433.949 2692.201 2363.227 2762.923
autoplot(fcast.2019) +
  ggtitle("2015-2019 Forecasts of Monthly Car Crashes Using Linear Model") +
  xlab("Year") + ylab("Monthly Crashes") + 
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7), 
                     labels = c("Jan 2015", "Jan 2016", "Jan 2017", "Jan 2018", 
                                "Jan 2019", "Jan 2020", "Jan 2021")) + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90))
## Scale for 'x' is already present. Adding another scale for 'x', which will
## replace the existing scale.

2015-2019 Time Series Forecast of Monthly Crashes Using HoltWinters

covid.monthly.2019 <- HoltWinters(crashes_mts4.2019)

summary(covid.monthly.2019)
##              Length Class  Mode     
## fitted       192    mts    numeric  
## x             60    ts     numeric  
## alpha          1    -none- numeric  
## beta           1    -none- numeric  
## gamma          1    -none- numeric  
## coefficients  14    -none- numeric  
## seasonal       1    -none- character
## SSE            1    -none- numeric  
## call           2    -none- call
plot(fitted(covid.monthly.2019), main = "2015-2019 Box Jenkins Decomposition of Monthly Crashes") 

fcast.covid.monthly.2019 <- forecast(covid.monthly.2019, 10)

summary(fcast.covid.monthly.2019)
##       fit      
##  Min.   :1994  
##  1st Qu.:2165  
##  Median :2268  
##  Mean   :2258  
##  3rd Qu.:2295  
##  Max.   :2656
autoplot(fcast.covid.monthly.2019) +
  ggtitle("Forecasts of Monthly Car Crashes Using HoltWinters") +
  xlab("Year") + ylab("Crashes")

2015-2019 Seasonal and Trend Decomposition Using Loess Forecasting Model of Daily Crashes

crashes_mts4.2019 %>% mstl() %>%
  autoplot()

t <- crashes_mts4.2019 %>%
  stlf(lambda = 0, h = 20) 

t %>%
  autoplot() + 
  ggtitle("2015-2019 Seasonal and Trend Decomposition Using Loess Forecasting Model for Monthly Car Crashes") +
  xlab("Year") + ylab("Daily Crashes") + 
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7), 
                     labels = c("Jan 2015", "Jan 2016", "Jan 2017", "Jan 2018", 
                                "Jan 2019", "Jan 2020", "Jan 2021")) + 
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90))
## Scale for 'x' is already present. Adding another scale for 'x', which will
## replace the existing scale.

t %>% summary()
## 
## Forecast method: STL +  ETS(A,N,N)
## 
## Model Information:
## ETS(A,N,N) 
## 
## Call:
##  ets(y = na.interp(x), model = etsmodel, allow.multiplicative.trend = allow.multiplicative.trend) 
## 
##   Smoothing parameters:
##     alpha = 0.2951 
## 
##   Initial states:
##     l = 7.5925 
## 
##   sigma:  0.037
## 
##       AIC      AICc       BIC 
## -146.0376 -145.6090 -139.7545 
## 
## Error measures:
##                    ME     RMSE      MAE       MPE     MAPE      MASE       ACF1
## Training set 13.89963 73.94417 58.46173 0.5452752 2.802333 0.5885409 -0.1690968
## 
## Forecasts:
##       Point Forecast    Lo 80    Hi 80    Lo 95    Hi 95
## Jan 6       2071.351 1975.459 2171.898 1926.508 2227.085
## Feb 6       1984.650 1888.951 2085.198 1840.173 2140.470
## Mar 6       2211.598 2100.873 2328.159 2044.520 2392.329
## Apr 6       2221.045 2105.903 2342.482 2047.387 2409.432
## May 6       2253.349 2132.676 2380.851 2071.433 2451.241
## Jun 6       2150.982 2032.232 2276.672 1972.046 2346.154
## Jul 6       2045.865 1929.639 2169.090 1870.810 2237.299
## Aug 6       2262.156 2130.127 2402.369 2063.383 2480.077
## Sep 6       2163.926 2034.361 2301.743 1968.944 2378.216
## Oct 6       2564.853 2407.512 2732.476 2328.167 2825.600
## Nov 6       2316.783 2171.342 2471.965 2098.084 2558.278
## Dec 6       2327.443 2178.082 2487.047 2102.935 2575.920
## Jan 7       2071.351 1935.598 2216.625 1867.374 2297.609
## Feb 7       1984.650 1851.932 2126.879 1785.307 2206.251
## Mar 7       2211.598 2060.818 2373.410 1985.207 2463.807
## Apr 7       2221.045 2066.783 2386.821 1989.507 2479.529
## May 7       2253.349 2094.022 2424.799 2014.292 2520.778
## Jun 7       2150.982 1996.252 2317.706 1918.901 2411.133
## Jul 7       2045.865 1896.231 2207.306 1821.502 2297.863
## Aug 7       2262.156 2094.026 2443.785 2010.142 2545.765

Statistical Analyses Using ANOVA

###Is there a significant difference between the amount of crashes on each DOW?

crashes_dow = crashes %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  group_by(Date, Crash_Date_DOW) %>%
  summarize(count = length(unique(key_crash)))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'Date'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
anova_dow = aov(count ~ Crash_Date_DOW, data = crashes_dow)
summary(anova_dow)
##                  Df  Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## Crash_Date_DOW    6  155962   25994   34.28 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals      4279 3244359     758                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 114 observations deleted due to missingness
TukeyHSD(anova_dow)
##   Tukey multiple comparisons of means
##     95% family-wise confidence level
## 
## Fit: aov(formula = count ~ Crash_Date_DOW, data = crashes_dow)
## 
## $Crash_Date_DOW
##                           diff        lwr         upr     p adj
## Monday-Friday       -6.5850295 -11.218746  -1.9513131 0.0005614
## Saturday-Friday    -11.3885919 -16.026083  -6.7511006 0.0000000
## Sunday-Friday      -20.0611335 -24.700520 -15.4217466 0.0000000
## Thursday-Friday     -4.8323113  -9.469803  -0.1948200 0.0346768
## Tuesday-Friday      -4.1738786  -8.813265   0.4655083 0.1105619
## Wednesday-Friday    -4.9430772  -9.592024  -0.2941307 0.0286038
## Saturday-Monday     -4.8035624  -9.439170  -0.1679551 0.0365089
## Sunday-Monday      -13.4761039 -18.113608  -8.8386003 0.0000000
## Thursday-Monday      1.7527182  -2.882889   6.3883255 0.9236480
## Tuesday-Monday       2.4111510  -2.226353   7.0486546 0.7244696
## Wednesday-Monday     1.6419523  -3.005115   6.2890195 0.9441658
## Sunday-Saturday     -8.6725416 -13.313817  -4.0312661 0.0000008
## Thursday-Saturday    6.5562806   1.916900  11.1956613 0.0006207
## Tuesday-Saturday     7.2147133   2.573438  11.8559888 0.0000952
## Wednesday-Saturday   6.4455147   1.794683  11.0963460 0.0008732
## Thursday-Sunday     15.2288221  10.587547  19.8700976 0.0000000
## Tuesday-Sunday      15.8872549  11.244085  20.5304244 0.0000000
## Wednesday-Sunday    15.1180562  10.465335  19.7707776 0.0000000
## Tuesday-Thursday     0.6584328  -3.982843   5.2997083 0.9995898
## Wednesday-Thursday  -0.1107659  -4.761597   4.5400654 1.0000000
## Wednesday-Tuesday   -0.7691987  -5.421920   3.8835227 0.9990127

Is there a significant difference between the amount of crashes per each race?

crashes_race = crashes %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  filter(Race != "Unknown", Race != "NA") %>%
  group_by(Date, Race) %>%
  summarize(count = length(key_crash))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'Date'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
anova_race = aov(count ~ Race, data = crashes_race)
summary(anova_race)
##                Df  Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## Race            6 8334480 1389080    7338 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals   14488 2742549     189                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
TukeyHSD(anova_race)
##   Tukey multiple comparisons of means
##     95% family-wise confidence level
## 
## Fit: aov(formula = count ~ Race, data = crashes_race)
## 
## $Race
##                                diff        lwr         upr     p adj
## Asian-                   -14.283809 -15.499536 -13.0680811 0.0000000
## Black-                    35.801364  34.616796  36.9859316 0.0000000
## Hispanic-                 -2.854342  -4.039542  -1.6691422 0.0000000
## Native American-         -16.741854 -18.510826 -14.9728822 0.0000000
## Other*-                  -11.128652 -12.316920  -9.9403836 0.0000000
## White-                    48.147850  46.963408  49.3322910 0.0000000
## Black-Asian               50.085173  48.869445  51.3009003 0.0000000
## Hispanic-Asian            11.429467  10.213123  12.6458102 0.0000000
## Native American-Asian     -2.458045  -4.248032  -0.6680581 0.0010146
## Other*-Asian               3.155157   1.935823   4.3744905 0.0000000
## White-Asian               62.431658  61.216054  63.6472629 0.0000000
## Hispanic-Black           -38.655706 -39.840906 -37.4705062 0.0000000
## Native American-Black    -52.543218 -54.312190 -50.7742463 0.0000000
## Other*-Black             -46.930016 -48.118284 -45.7417476 0.0000000
## White-Black               12.346486  11.162044  13.5309269 0.0000000
## Native American-Hispanic -13.887512 -15.656907 -12.1181166 0.0000000
## Other*-Hispanic           -8.274310  -9.463209  -7.0854111 0.0000000
## White-Hispanic            51.002192  49.817118  52.1872655 0.0000000
## Other*-Native American     5.613202   3.841750   7.3846540 0.0000000
## White-Native American     64.889704  63.120816  66.6585908 0.0000000
## White-Other*              59.276502  58.088359  60.4646441 0.0000000

Is there a significant difference between the amount of crashes per each gender?

crashes_gender= crashes %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  filter(Gender != "Unknown", Gender != "NA") %>%
  group_by(Date, Gender) %>%
  summarize(count = length(key_crash))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'Date'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
anova_gender = aov(count ~ Gender, data = crashes_gender)
summary(anova_gender)
##               Df  Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## Gender         2 4817694 2408847    5219 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals   7036 3247439     462                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
TukeyHSD(anova_gender)
##   Tukey multiple comparisons of means
##     95% family-wise confidence level
## 
## Fit: aov(formula = count ~ Gender, data = crashes_gender)
## 
## $Gender
##                  diff       lwr       upr p adj
## Female-     53.561807 52.091349 55.032266     0
## Male-       57.251424 55.781122 58.721726     0
## Male-Female  3.689616  2.219315  5.159918     0

Is there a significant difference between the amount of crashes per each Vision Obstruction?

crashes_vision= crashes %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  filter(VisionObstruction != "Unknown", VisionObstruction != "NA") %>%
  group_by(Date, VisionObstruction) %>%
  summarize(count = length(key_crash))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'Date'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
anova_vision = aov(count ~ VisionObstruction, data = crashes_vision)
summary(anova_vision)
##                     Df   Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## VisionObstruction   13 15372924 1182533    2082 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals         7659  4350132     568                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
TukeyHSD(anova_vision)
##   Tukey multiple comparisons of means
##     95% family-wise confidence level
## 
## Fit: aov(formula = count ~ VisionObstruction, data = crashes_vision)
## 
## $VisionObstruction
##                                                                  diff
## Blinded, headlights-                                    -4.958671e+01
## Blinded, other lights-                                  -4.940489e+01
## Blinded, sunlight-                                      -4.919322e+01
## Building(s)-                                            -4.920209e+01
## Embankment-                                             -4.958671e+01
## Hillcrest-                                              -4.935943e+01
## None-                                                    5.914188e+01
## Other*-                                                 -4.943671e+01
## Parked vehicle(s)-                                      -4.916241e+01
## Sign(s)-                                                -4.925337e+01
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-                              -4.930714e+01
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-                             -4.928646e+01
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-                           -4.859447e+01
## Blinded, other lights-Blinded, headlights                1.818182e-01
## Blinded, sunlight-Blinded, headlights                    3.934837e-01
## Building(s)-Blinded, headlights                          3.846154e-01
## Embankment-Blinded, headlights                           9.620749e-12
## Hillcrest-Blinded, headlights                            2.272727e-01
## None-Blinded, headlights                                 1.087286e+02
## Other*-Blinded, headlights                               1.500000e-01
## Parked vehicle(s)-Blinded, headlights                    4.242928e-01
## Sign(s)-Blinded, headlights                              3.333333e-01
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Blinded, headlights            2.795699e-01
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Blinded, headlights           3.002481e-01
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Blinded, headlights         9.922395e-01
## Blinded, sunlight-Blinded, other lights                  2.116655e-01
## Building(s)-Blinded, other lights                        2.027972e-01
## Embankment-Blinded, other lights                        -1.818182e-01
## Hillcrest-Blinded, other lights                          4.545455e-02
## None-Blinded, other lights                               1.085468e+02
## Other*-Blinded, other lights                            -3.181818e-02
## Parked vehicle(s)-Blinded, other lights                  2.424747e-01
## Sign(s)-Blinded, other lights                            1.515152e-01
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Blinded, other lights          9.775171e-02
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Blinded, other lights         1.184300e-01
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Blinded, other lights       8.104213e-01
## Building(s)-Blinded, sunlight                           -8.868325e-03
## Embankment-Blinded, sunlight                            -3.934837e-01
## Hillcrest-Blinded, sunlight                             -1.662110e-01
## None-Blinded, sunlight                                   1.083351e+02
## Other*-Blinded, sunlight                                -2.434837e-01
## Parked vehicle(s)-Blinded, sunlight                      3.080914e-02
## Sign(s)-Blinded, sunlight                               -6.015038e-02
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Blinded, sunlight             -1.139138e-01
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Blinded, sunlight            -9.323557e-02
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Blinded, sunlight           5.987558e-01
## Embankment-Building(s)                                  -3.846154e-01
## Hillcrest-Building(s)                                   -1.573427e-01
## None-Building(s)                                         1.083440e+02
## Other*-Building(s)                                      -2.346154e-01
## Parked vehicle(s)-Building(s)                            3.967746e-02
## Sign(s)-Building(s)                                     -5.128205e-02
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Building(s)                   -1.050455e-01
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Building(s)                  -8.436725e-02
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Building(s)                 6.076241e-01
## Hillcrest-Embankment                                     2.272727e-01
## None-Embankment                                          1.087286e+02
## Other*-Embankment                                        1.500000e-01
## Parked vehicle(s)-Embankment                             4.242928e-01
## Sign(s)-Embankment                                       3.333333e-01
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Embankment                     2.795699e-01
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Embankment                    3.002481e-01
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Embankment                  9.922395e-01
## None-Hillcrest                                           1.085013e+02
## Other*-Hillcrest                                        -7.727273e-02
## Parked vehicle(s)-Hillcrest                              1.970201e-01
## Sign(s)-Hillcrest                                        1.060606e-01
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Hillcrest                      5.229717e-02
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Hillcrest                     7.297541e-02
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Hillcrest                   7.649667e-01
## Other*-None                                             -1.085786e+02
## Parked vehicle(s)-None                                  -1.083043e+02
## Sign(s)-None                                            -1.083953e+02
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-None                          -1.084490e+02
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-None                         -1.084283e+02
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-None                       -1.077364e+02
## Parked vehicle(s)-Other*                                 2.742928e-01
## Sign(s)-Other*                                           1.833333e-01
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Other*                         1.295699e-01
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Other*                        1.502481e-01
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Other*                      8.422395e-01
## Sign(s)-Parked vehicle(s)                               -9.095951e-02
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Parked vehicle(s)             -1.447230e-01
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Parked vehicle(s)            -1.240447e-01
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Parked vehicle(s)           5.679466e-01
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Sign(s)                       -5.376344e-02
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Sign(s)                      -3.308519e-02
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Sign(s)                     6.589061e-01
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Trees, crops, brush, etc.     2.067825e-02
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Trees, crops, brush, etc.   7.126696e-01
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Vehicle window(s) obscured  6.919913e-01
##                                                                 lwr         upr
## Blinded, headlights-                                     -69.642291  -29.531122
## Blinded, other lights-                                   -73.567229  -25.242547
## Blinded, sunlight-                                       -53.522618  -44.863827
## Building(s)-                                             -64.968241  -33.435941
## Embankment-                                              -71.822251  -27.351161
## Hillcrest-                                               -57.158986  -41.559881
## None-                                                     56.808004   61.475763
## Other*-                                                  -54.338780  -44.534633
## Parked vehicle(s)-                                       -52.817435  -45.507392
## Sign(s)-                                                 -72.391958  -26.114788
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-                               -55.397239  -43.217034
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-                              -53.597451  -44.975466
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-                            -51.726563  -45.462371
## Blinded, other lights-Blinded, headlights                -31.132686   31.496323
## Blinded, sunlight-Blinded, headlights                    -19.990901   20.777868
## Building(s)-Blinded, headlights                          -25.019143   25.788374
## Embankment-Blinded, headlights                           -29.852955   29.852955
## Hillcrest-Blinded, headlights                            -21.164606   21.619152
## None-Blinded, headlights                                  88.673005  128.784174
## Other*-Blinded, headlights                               -20.363649   20.663649
## Parked vehicle(s)-Blinded, headlights                    -19.827588   20.676173
## Sign(s)-Blinded, headlights                              -30.198185   30.864851
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Blinded, headlights            -20.549948   21.109088
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Blinded, headlights           -20.080236   20.680732
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Blinded, headlights         -19.171825   21.156304
## Blinded, sunlight-Blinded, other lights                  -24.224279   24.647610
## Building(s)-Blinded, other lights                        -28.553823   28.959418
## Embankment-Blinded, other lights                         -32.935310   32.571673
## Hillcrest-Blinded, other lights                          -25.237044   25.327954
## None-Blinded, other lights                                84.384430  132.709113
## Other*-Blinded, other lights                             -24.575698   24.512062
## Parked vehicle(s)-Blinded, other lights                  -24.083045   24.567995
## Sign(s)-Blinded, other lights                            -33.221616   33.524646
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Blinded, other lights          -24.710736   24.906240
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Blinded, other lights         -24.314261   24.551121
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Blinded, other lights       -23.442038   25.062880
## Building(s)-Blinded, sunlight                            -16.191209   16.173472
## Embankment-Blinded, sunlight                             -22.926041   22.139073
## Hillcrest-Blinded, sunlight                               -8.776071    8.443649
## None-Blinded, sunlight                                   104.005710  112.664502
## Other*-Blinded, sunlight                                  -6.353066    5.866098
## Parked vehicle(s)-Blinded, sunlight                       -5.132122    5.193740
## Sign(s)-Blinded, sunlight                                -23.484300   23.364000
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Blinded, sunlight               -7.212225    6.984397
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Blinded, sunlight              -5.739591    5.553120
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Blinded, sunlight            -4.208187    5.405698
## Embankment-Building(s)                                   -27.542376   26.773145
## Hillcrest-Building(s)                                    -17.591720   17.277034
## None-Building(s)                                          92.577825  124.110124
## Other*-Building(s)                                       -16.579486   16.110256
## Parked vehicle(s)-Building(s)                            -15.975430   16.054785
## Sign(s)-Building(s)                                      -27.953228   27.850664
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Building(s)                    -16.844634   16.634543
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Building(s)                   -16.261794   16.093060
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Building(s)                 -15.296291   16.511539
## Hillcrest-Embankment                                     -23.220659   23.675204
## None-Embankment                                           86.493045  130.964135
## Other*-Embankment                                        -22.499565   22.799565
## Parked vehicle(s)-Embankment                             -21.988464   22.837049
## Sign(s)-Embankment                                       -31.672394   32.339061
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Embankment                     -22.656468   23.215607
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Embankment                    -22.228780   22.829277
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Embankment                  -21.341199   23.325678
## None-Hillcrest                                           100.701764  116.300870
## Other*-Hillcrest                                          -8.988858    8.834312
## Parked vehicle(s)-Hillcrest                               -8.094253    8.488293
## Sign(s)-Hillcrest                                        -24.199909   24.412030
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Hillcrest                       -9.564114    9.668709
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Hillcrest                      -8.527646    8.673597
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Hillcrest                    -7.309440    8.839374
## Other*-None                                             -113.480663 -103.676516
## Parked vehicle(s)-None                                  -111.959319 -104.649275
## Sign(s)-None                                            -131.533842  -85.256671
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-None                          -114.539122 -102.358918
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-None                         -112.739334 -104.117349
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-None                       -110.868446 -104.604254
## Parked vehicle(s)-Other*                                  -5.377478    5.926064
## Sign(s)-Other*                                           -23.353392   23.720059
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Other*                          -7.331842    7.590982
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Other*                         -5.946307    6.246803
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Other*                       -4.486302    6.170781
## Sign(s)-Parked vehicle(s)                                -23.399892   23.217973
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Parked vehicle(s)               -6.853041    6.563595
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Parked vehicle(s)              -5.271553    5.023464
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Parked vehicle(s)            -3.641829    4.777723
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Sign(s)                        -23.866291   23.758764
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Sign(s)                       -23.453841   23.387670
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Sign(s)                     -22.573768   23.891580
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Trees, crops, brush, etc.      -7.066423    7.107780
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Trees, crops, brush, etc.    -5.725682    7.151021
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Vehicle window(s) obscured   -4.098383    5.482366
##                                                             p adj
## Blinded, headlights-                                    0.0000000
## Blinded, other lights-                                  0.0000000
## Blinded, sunlight-                                      0.0000000
## Building(s)-                                            0.0000000
## Embankment-                                             0.0000000
## Hillcrest-                                              0.0000000
## None-                                                   0.0000000
## Other*-                                                 0.0000000
## Parked vehicle(s)-                                      0.0000000
## Sign(s)-                                                0.0000000
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-                              0.0000000
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-                             0.0000000
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-                           0.0000000
## Blinded, other lights-Blinded, headlights               1.0000000
## Blinded, sunlight-Blinded, headlights                   1.0000000
## Building(s)-Blinded, headlights                         1.0000000
## Embankment-Blinded, headlights                          1.0000000
## Hillcrest-Blinded, headlights                           1.0000000
## None-Blinded, headlights                                0.0000000
## Other*-Blinded, headlights                              1.0000000
## Parked vehicle(s)-Blinded, headlights                   1.0000000
## Sign(s)-Blinded, headlights                             1.0000000
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Blinded, headlights           1.0000000
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Blinded, headlights          1.0000000
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Blinded, headlights        1.0000000
## Blinded, sunlight-Blinded, other lights                 1.0000000
## Building(s)-Blinded, other lights                       1.0000000
## Embankment-Blinded, other lights                        1.0000000
## Hillcrest-Blinded, other lights                         1.0000000
## None-Blinded, other lights                              0.0000000
## Other*-Blinded, other lights                            1.0000000
## Parked vehicle(s)-Blinded, other lights                 1.0000000
## Sign(s)-Blinded, other lights                           1.0000000
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Blinded, other lights         1.0000000
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Blinded, other lights        1.0000000
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Blinded, other lights      1.0000000
## Building(s)-Blinded, sunlight                           1.0000000
## Embankment-Blinded, sunlight                            1.0000000
## Hillcrest-Blinded, sunlight                             1.0000000
## None-Blinded, sunlight                                  0.0000000
## Other*-Blinded, sunlight                                1.0000000
## Parked vehicle(s)-Blinded, sunlight                     1.0000000
## Sign(s)-Blinded, sunlight                               1.0000000
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Blinded, sunlight             1.0000000
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Blinded, sunlight            1.0000000
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Blinded, sunlight          1.0000000
## Embankment-Building(s)                                  1.0000000
## Hillcrest-Building(s)                                   1.0000000
## None-Building(s)                                        0.0000000
## Other*-Building(s)                                      1.0000000
## Parked vehicle(s)-Building(s)                           1.0000000
## Sign(s)-Building(s)                                     1.0000000
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Building(s)                   1.0000000
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Building(s)                  1.0000000
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Building(s)                1.0000000
## Hillcrest-Embankment                                    1.0000000
## None-Embankment                                         0.0000000
## Other*-Embankment                                       1.0000000
## Parked vehicle(s)-Embankment                            1.0000000
## Sign(s)-Embankment                                      1.0000000
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Embankment                    1.0000000
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Embankment                   1.0000000
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Embankment                 1.0000000
## None-Hillcrest                                          0.0000000
## Other*-Hillcrest                                        1.0000000
## Parked vehicle(s)-Hillcrest                             1.0000000
## Sign(s)-Hillcrest                                       1.0000000
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Hillcrest                     1.0000000
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Hillcrest                    1.0000000
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Hillcrest                  1.0000000
## Other*-None                                             0.0000000
## Parked vehicle(s)-None                                  0.0000000
## Sign(s)-None                                            0.0000000
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-None                          0.0000000
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-None                         0.0000000
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-None                       0.0000000
## Parked vehicle(s)-Other*                                1.0000000
## Sign(s)-Other*                                          1.0000000
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Other*                        1.0000000
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Other*                       1.0000000
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Other*                     0.9999996
## Sign(s)-Parked vehicle(s)                               1.0000000
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Parked vehicle(s)             1.0000000
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Parked vehicle(s)            1.0000000
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Parked vehicle(s)          0.9999999
## Trees, crops, brush, etc.-Sign(s)                       1.0000000
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Sign(s)                      1.0000000
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Sign(s)                    1.0000000
## Vehicle window(s) obscured-Trees, crops, brush, etc.    1.0000000
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Trees, crops, brush, etc.  1.0000000
## Vehicle(s) in traffic/moving-Vehicle window(s) obscured 0.9999999

Is there a significant difference between the amount of crashes per each vehicle type?

crashes_vehicle= crashes %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  filter(VehicleType != "Unknown", VehicleType != "NA", VehicleType != "") %>%
  group_by(Date, VehicleType) %>%
  summarize(count = length(key_crash))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'Date'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
anova_vehicle = aov(count ~ VehicleType, data = crashes_vehicle)
summary(anova_vehicle)
##                Df   Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## VehicleType    30 15851312  528377    3735 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals   20488  2898222     141                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
TukeyHSD(anova_vehicle)
##   Tukey multiple comparisons of means
##     95% family-wise confidence level
## 
## Fit: aov(formula = count ~ VehicleType, data = crashes_vehicle)
## 
## $VehicleType
##                                                                                   diff
## All terrain vehicle (ATV)-Activity bus                                   -3.269642e+00
## Commercial bus-Activity bus                                              -3.788301e-01
## EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad-Activity bus                        -2.288268e+00
## Farm equipment-Activity bus                                              -3.380753e+00
## Farm tractor-Activity bus                                                -3.380753e+00
## Firetruck-Activity bus                                                   -2.047420e+00
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Activity bus                               -9.876680e-01
## Military-Activity bus                                                    -3.380753e+00
## Moped-Activity bus                                                       -3.269642e+00
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Activity bus                             -2.854437e+00
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Activity bus                                 -3.355753e+00
## Motorcycle-Activity bus                                                  -2.987205e+00
## Other bus-Activity bus                                                   -1.579166e+00
## Other*-Activity bus                                                      -3.276857e+00
## Passenger car-Activity bus                                                8.583295e+01
## Pedal cycle-Activity bus                                                 -3.270608e+00
## Pedestrian-Activity bus                                                  -2.948321e+00
## Pickup-Activity bus                                                       9.126638e+00
## Police-Activity bus                                                      -3.141815e+00
## School bus-Activity bus                                                   7.388478e+00
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Activity bus                          -1.825822e+00
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Activity bus                         -2.963641e+00
## Sport utility-Activity bus                                                3.144998e+01
## Taxicab-Activity bus                                                     -2.992404e+00
## Tractor/doubles-Activity bus                                             -3.380753e+00
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Activity bus                                        -2.911925e+00
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Activity bus                               -3.349503e+00
## Truck/trailer-Activity bus                                               -2.655871e+00
## Unknown heavy truck-Activity bus                                         -3.205428e+00
## Van-Activity bus                                                          4.259193e+00
## Commercial bus-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                  2.890812e+00
## EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad-All terrain vehicle (ATV)            9.813744e-01
## Farm equipment-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                 -1.111111e-01
## Farm tractor-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                   -1.111111e-01
## Firetruck-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                       1.222222e+00
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                   2.281974e+00
## Military-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                       -1.111111e-01
## Moped-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                           6.650680e-12
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                 4.152047e-01
## Motor scooter or motor bike-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                    -8.611111e-02
## Motorcycle-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                      2.824373e-01
## Other bus-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                       1.690476e+00
## Other*-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                         -7.215007e-03
## Passenger car-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                   8.910259e+01
## Pedal cycle-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                    -9.661836e-04
## Pedestrian-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                      3.213213e-01
## Pickup-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                          1.239628e+01
## Police-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                          1.278269e-01
## School bus-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                      1.065812e+01
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-All terrain vehicle (ATV)              1.443820e+00
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-All terrain vehicle (ATV)             3.060012e-01
## Sport utility-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                   3.471962e+01
## Taxicab-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                         2.772384e-01
## Tractor/doubles-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                -1.111111e-01
## Tractor/semi-trailer-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                            3.577168e-01
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                  -7.986111e-02
## Truck/trailer-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                   6.137715e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                             6.421356e-02
## Van-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                             7.528835e+00
## EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad-Commercial bus                      -1.909438e+00
## Farm equipment-Commercial bus                                            -3.001923e+00
## Farm tractor-Commercial bus                                              -3.001923e+00
## Firetruck-Commercial bus                                                 -1.668590e+00
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Commercial bus                             -6.088380e-01
## Military-Commercial bus                                                  -3.001923e+00
## Moped-Commercial bus                                                     -2.890812e+00
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Commercial bus                           -2.475607e+00
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Commercial bus                               -2.976923e+00
## Motorcycle-Commercial bus                                                -2.608375e+00
## Other bus-Commercial bus                                                 -1.200336e+00
## Other*-Commercial bus                                                    -2.898027e+00
## Passenger car-Commercial bus                                              8.621178e+01
## Pedal cycle-Commercial bus                                               -2.891778e+00
## Pedestrian-Commercial bus                                                -2.569491e+00
## Pickup-Commercial bus                                                     9.505468e+00
## Police-Commercial bus                                                    -2.762985e+00
## School bus-Commercial bus                                                 7.767308e+00
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Commercial bus                        -1.446992e+00
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Commercial bus                       -2.584811e+00
## Sport utility-Commercial bus                                              3.182881e+01
## Taxicab-Commercial bus                                                   -2.613574e+00
## Tractor/doubles-Commercial bus                                           -3.001923e+00
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Commercial bus                                      -2.533095e+00
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Commercial bus                             -2.970673e+00
## Truck/trailer-Commercial bus                                             -2.277040e+00
## Unknown heavy truck-Commercial bus                                       -2.826598e+00
## Van-Commercial bus                                                        4.638023e+00
## Farm equipment-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                      -1.092486e+00
## Farm tractor-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                        -1.092486e+00
## Firetruck-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                            2.408478e-01
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad        1.300600e+00
## Military-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                            -1.092486e+00
## Moped-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                               -9.813744e-01
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad     -5.661698e-01
## Motor scooter or motor bike-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad         -1.067486e+00
## Motorcycle-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                          -6.989372e-01
## Other bus-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                            7.091018e-01
## Other*-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                              -9.885894e-01
## Passenger car-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                        8.812122e+01
## Pedal cycle-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                         -9.823406e-01
## Pedestrian-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                          -6.600531e-01
## Pickup-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                               1.141491e+01
## Police-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                              -8.535475e-01
## School bus-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                           9.676745e+00
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad   4.624458e-01
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad -6.753732e-01
## Sport utility-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                        3.373825e+01
## Taxicab-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                             -7.041360e-01
## Tractor/doubles-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                     -1.092486e+00
## Tractor/semi-trailer-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                -6.236576e-01
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad       -1.061236e+00
## Truck/trailer-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                       -3.676029e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                 -9.171609e-01
## Van-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                                  6.547461e+00
## Farm tractor-Farm equipment                                               7.709389e-12
## Firetruck-Farm equipment                                                  1.333333e+00
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Farm equipment                              2.393085e+00
## Military-Farm equipment                                                  -1.143974e-12
## Moped-Farm equipment                                                      1.111111e-01
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Farm equipment                            5.263158e-01
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Farm equipment                                2.500000e-02
## Motorcycle-Farm equipment                                                 3.935484e-01
## Other bus-Farm equipment                                                  1.801587e+00
## Other*-Farm equipment                                                     1.038961e-01
## Passenger car-Farm equipment                                              8.921370e+01
## Pedal cycle-Farm equipment                                                1.101449e-01
## Pedestrian-Farm equipment                                                 4.324324e-01
## Pickup-Farm equipment                                                     1.250739e+01
## Police-Farm equipment                                                     2.389381e-01
## School bus-Farm equipment                                                 1.076923e+01
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Farm equipment                         1.554931e+00
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Farm equipment                        4.171123e-01
## Sport utility-Farm equipment                                              3.483074e+01
## Taxicab-Farm equipment                                                    3.883495e-01
## Tractor/doubles-Farm equipment                                            1.080380e-11
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Farm equipment                                       4.688279e-01
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Farm equipment                              3.125000e-02
## Truck/trailer-Farm equipment                                              7.248826e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-Farm equipment                                        1.753247e-01
## Van-Farm equipment                                                        7.639946e+00
## Firetruck-Farm tractor                                                    1.333333e+00
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Farm tractor                                2.393085e+00
## Military-Farm tractor                                                    -8.853362e-12
## Moped-Farm tractor                                                        1.111111e-01
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Farm tractor                              5.263158e-01
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Farm tractor                                  2.500000e-02
## Motorcycle-Farm tractor                                                   3.935484e-01
## Other bus-Farm tractor                                                    1.801587e+00
## Other*-Farm tractor                                                       1.038961e-01
## Passenger car-Farm tractor                                                8.921370e+01
## Pedal cycle-Farm tractor                                                  1.101449e-01
## Pedestrian-Farm tractor                                                   4.324324e-01
## Pickup-Farm tractor                                                       1.250739e+01
## Police-Farm tractor                                                       2.389381e-01
## School bus-Farm tractor                                                   1.076923e+01
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Farm tractor                           1.554931e+00
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Farm tractor                          4.171123e-01
## Sport utility-Farm tractor                                                3.483074e+01
## Taxicab-Farm tractor                                                      3.883495e-01
## Tractor/doubles-Farm tractor                                              3.094414e-12
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Farm tractor                                         4.688279e-01
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Farm tractor                                3.125000e-02
## Truck/trailer-Farm tractor                                                7.248826e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-Farm tractor                                          1.753247e-01
## Van-Farm tractor                                                          7.639946e+00
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Firetruck                                   1.059752e+00
## Military-Firetruck                                                       -1.333333e+00
## Moped-Firetruck                                                          -1.222222e+00
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Firetruck                                -8.070175e-01
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Firetruck                                    -1.308333e+00
## Motorcycle-Firetruck                                                     -9.397849e-01
## Other bus-Firetruck                                                       4.682540e-01
## Other*-Firetruck                                                         -1.229437e+00
## Passenger car-Firetruck                                                   8.788037e+01
## Pedal cycle-Firetruck                                                    -1.223188e+00
## Pedestrian-Firetruck                                                     -9.009009e-01
## Pickup-Firetruck                                                          1.117406e+01
## Police-Firetruck                                                         -1.094395e+00
## School bus-Firetruck                                                      9.435897e+00
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Firetruck                              2.215980e-01
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Firetruck                            -9.162210e-01
## Sport utility-Firetruck                                                   3.349740e+01
## Taxicab-Firetruck                                                        -9.449838e-01
## Tractor/doubles-Firetruck                                                -1.333333e+00
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Firetruck                                           -8.645054e-01
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Firetruck                                  -1.302083e+00
## Truck/trailer-Firetruck                                                  -6.084507e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-Firetruck                                            -1.158009e+00
## Van-Firetruck                                                             6.306613e+00
## Military-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                   -2.393085e+00
## Moped-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                      -2.281974e+00
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Light truck (mini-van, panel)            -1.866769e+00
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                -2.368085e+00
## Motorcycle-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                 -1.999537e+00
## Other bus-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                  -5.914978e-01
## Other*-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                     -2.289189e+00
## Passenger car-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                               8.682062e+01
## Pedal cycle-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                -2.282940e+00
## Pedestrian-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                 -1.960653e+00
## Pickup-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                      1.011431e+01
## Police-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                     -2.154147e+00
## School bus-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                  8.376146e+00
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Light truck (mini-van, panel)         -8.381538e-01
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Light truck (mini-van, panel)        -1.975973e+00
## Sport utility-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                               3.243765e+01
## Taxicab-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                    -2.004736e+00
## Tractor/doubles-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                            -2.393085e+00
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                       -1.924257e+00
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Light truck (mini-van, panel)              -2.361835e+00
## Truck/trailer-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                              -1.668202e+00
## Unknown heavy truck-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                        -2.217760e+00
## Van-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                         5.246861e+00
## Moped-Military                                                            1.111111e-01
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Military                                  5.263158e-01
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Military                                      2.500000e-02
## Motorcycle-Military                                                       3.935484e-01
## Other bus-Military                                                        1.801587e+00
## Other*-Military                                                           1.038961e-01
## Passenger car-Military                                                    8.921370e+01
## Pedal cycle-Military                                                      1.101449e-01
## Pedestrian-Military                                                       4.324324e-01
## Pickup-Military                                                           1.250739e+01
## Police-Military                                                           2.389381e-01
## School bus-Military                                                       1.076923e+01
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Military                               1.554931e+00
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Military                              4.171123e-01
## Sport utility-Military                                                    3.483074e+01
## Taxicab-Military                                                          3.883495e-01
## Tractor/doubles-Military                                                  1.194778e-11
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Military                                             4.688279e-01
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Military                                    3.125000e-02
## Truck/trailer-Military                                                    7.248826e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-Military                                              1.753247e-01
## Van-Military                                                              7.639946e+00
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Moped                                     4.152047e-01
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Moped                                        -8.611111e-02
## Motorcycle-Moped                                                          2.824373e-01
## Other bus-Moped                                                           1.690476e+00
## Other*-Moped                                                             -7.215007e-03
## Passenger car-Moped                                                       8.910259e+01
## Pedal cycle-Moped                                                        -9.661836e-04
## Pedestrian-Moped                                                          3.213213e-01
## Pickup-Moped                                                              1.239628e+01
## Police-Moped                                                              1.278269e-01
## School bus-Moped                                                          1.065812e+01
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Moped                                  1.443820e+00
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Moped                                 3.060012e-01
## Sport utility-Moped                                                       3.471962e+01
## Taxicab-Moped                                                             2.772384e-01
## Tractor/doubles-Moped                                                    -1.111111e-01
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Moped                                                3.577168e-01
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Moped                                      -7.986111e-02
## Truck/trailer-Moped                                                       6.137715e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-Moped                                                 6.421356e-02
## Van-Moped                                                                 7.528835e+00
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Motor home/recreational vehicle              -5.013158e-01
## Motorcycle-Motor home/recreational vehicle                               -1.327674e-01
## Other bus-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                 1.275272e+00
## Other*-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                   -4.224197e-01
## Passenger car-Motor home/recreational vehicle                             8.868739e+01
## Pedal cycle-Motor home/recreational vehicle                              -4.161709e-01
## Pedestrian-Motor home/recreational vehicle                               -9.388336e-02
## Pickup-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                    1.198108e+01
## Police-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                   -2.873777e-01
## School bus-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                1.024291e+01
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Motor home/recreational vehicle        1.028616e+00
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Motor home/recreational vehicle      -1.092035e-01
## Sport utility-Motor home/recreational vehicle                             3.430442e+01
## Taxicab-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                  -1.379663e-01
## Tractor/doubles-Motor home/recreational vehicle                          -5.263158e-01
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Motor home/recreational vehicle                     -5.748786e-02
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Motor home/recreational vehicle            -4.950658e-01
## Truck/trailer-Motor home/recreational vehicle                             1.985668e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-Motor home/recreational vehicle                      -3.509911e-01
## Van-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                       7.113630e+00
## Motorcycle-Motor scooter or motor bike                                    3.685484e-01
## Other bus-Motor scooter or motor bike                                     1.776587e+00
## Other*-Motor scooter or motor bike                                        7.889610e-02
## Passenger car-Motor scooter or motor bike                                 8.918870e+01
## Pedal cycle-Motor scooter or motor bike                                   8.514493e-02
## Pedestrian-Motor scooter or motor bike                                    4.074324e-01
## Pickup-Motor scooter or motor bike                                        1.248239e+01
## Police-Motor scooter or motor bike                                        2.139381e-01
## School bus-Motor scooter or motor bike                                    1.074423e+01
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Motor scooter or motor bike            1.529931e+00
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Motor scooter or motor bike           3.921123e-01
## Sport utility-Motor scooter or motor bike                                 3.480574e+01
## Taxicab-Motor scooter or motor bike                                       3.633495e-01
## Tractor/doubles-Motor scooter or motor bike                              -2.500000e-02
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Motor scooter or motor bike                          4.438279e-01
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Motor scooter or motor bike                 6.250000e-03
## Truck/trailer-Motor scooter or motor bike                                 6.998826e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-Motor scooter or motor bike                           1.503247e-01
## Van-Motor scooter or motor bike                                           7.614946e+00
## Other bus-Motorcycle                                                      1.408039e+00
## Other*-Motorcycle                                                        -2.896523e-01
## Passenger car-Motorcycle                                                  8.882015e+01
## Pedal cycle-Motorcycle                                                   -2.834035e-01
## Pedestrian-Motorcycle                                                     3.888405e-02
## Pickup-Motorcycle                                                         1.211384e+01
## Police-Motorcycle                                                        -1.546103e-01
## School bus-Motorcycle                                                     1.037568e+01
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Motorcycle                             1.161383e+00
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Motorcycle                            2.356391e-02
## Sport utility-Motorcycle                                                  3.443719e+01
## Taxicab-Motorcycle                                                       -5.198873e-03
## Tractor/doubles-Motorcycle                                               -3.935484e-01
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Motorcycle                                           7.527954e-02
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Motorcycle                                 -3.622984e-01
## Truck/trailer-Motorcycle                                                  3.313342e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-Motorcycle                                           -2.182237e-01
## Van-Motorcycle                                                            7.246398e+00
## Other*-Other bus                                                         -1.697691e+00
## Passenger car-Other bus                                                   8.741211e+01
## Pedal cycle-Other bus                                                    -1.691442e+00
## Pedestrian-Other bus                                                     -1.369155e+00
## Pickup-Other bus                                                          1.070580e+01
## Police-Other bus                                                         -1.562649e+00
## School bus-Other bus                                                      8.967643e+00
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Other bus                             -2.466560e-01
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Other bus                            -1.384475e+00
## Sport utility-Other bus                                                   3.302915e+01
## Taxicab-Other bus                                                        -1.413238e+00
## Tractor/doubles-Other bus                                                -1.801587e+00
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Other bus                                           -1.332759e+00
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Other bus                                  -1.770337e+00
## Truck/trailer-Other bus                                                  -1.076705e+00
## Unknown heavy truck-Other bus                                            -1.626263e+00
## Van-Other bus                                                             5.838359e+00
## Passenger car-Other*                                                      8.910980e+01
## Pedal cycle-Other*                                                        6.248824e-03
## Pedestrian-Other*                                                         3.285363e-01
## Pickup-Other*                                                             1.240350e+01
## Police-Other*                                                             1.350419e-01
## School bus-Other*                                                         1.066533e+01
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Other*                                 1.451035e+00
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Other*                                3.132162e-01
## Sport utility-Other*                                                      3.472684e+01
## Taxicab-Other*                                                            2.844534e-01
## Tractor/doubles-Other*                                                   -1.038961e-01
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Other*                                               3.649318e-01
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Other*                                     -7.264610e-02
## Truck/trailer-Other*                                                      6.209865e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-Other*                                                7.142857e-02
## Van-Other*                                                                7.536050e+00
## Pedal cycle-Passenger car                                                -8.910356e+01
## Pedestrian-Passenger car                                                 -8.878127e+01
## Pickup-Passenger car                                                     -7.670631e+01
## Police-Passenger car                                                     -8.897476e+01
## School bus-Passenger car                                                 -7.844447e+01
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Passenger car                         -8.765877e+01
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Passenger car                        -8.879659e+01
## Sport utility-Passenger car                                              -5.438297e+01
## Taxicab-Passenger car                                                    -8.882535e+01
## Tractor/doubles-Passenger car                                            -8.921370e+01
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Passenger car                                       -8.874487e+01
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Passenger car                              -8.918245e+01
## Truck/trailer-Passenger car                                              -8.848882e+01
## Unknown heavy truck-Passenger car                                        -8.903838e+01
## Van-Passenger car                                                        -8.157375e+01
## Pedestrian-Pedal cycle                                                    3.222875e-01
## Pickup-Pedal cycle                                                        1.239725e+01
## Police-Pedal cycle                                                        1.287931e-01
## School bus-Pedal cycle                                                    1.065909e+01
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Pedal cycle                            1.444786e+00
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Pedal cycle                           3.069674e-01
## Sport utility-Pedal cycle                                                 3.472059e+01
## Taxicab-Pedal cycle                                                       2.782046e-01
## Tractor/doubles-Pedal cycle                                              -1.101449e-01
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Pedal cycle                                          3.586830e-01
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Pedal cycle                                -7.889493e-02
## Truck/trailer-Pedal cycle                                                 6.147377e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-Pedal cycle                                           6.517975e-02
## Van-Pedal cycle                                                           7.529801e+00
## Pickup-Pedestrian                                                         1.207496e+01
## Police-Pedestrian                                                        -1.934944e-01
## School bus-Pedestrian                                                     1.033680e+01
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Pedestrian                             1.122499e+00
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Pedestrian                           -1.532013e-02
## Sport utility-Pedestrian                                                  3.439830e+01
## Taxicab-Pedestrian                                                       -4.408292e-02
## Tractor/doubles-Pedestrian                                               -4.324324e-01
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Pedestrian                                           3.639550e-02
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Pedestrian                                 -4.011824e-01
## Truck/trailer-Pedestrian                                                  2.924502e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-Pedestrian                                           -2.571078e-01
## Van-Pedestrian                                                            7.207514e+00
## Police-Pickup                                                            -1.226845e+01
## School bus-Pickup                                                        -1.738161e+00
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Pickup                                -1.095246e+01
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Pickup                               -1.209028e+01
## Sport utility-Pickup                                                      2.232334e+01
## Taxicab-Pickup                                                           -1.211904e+01
## Tractor/doubles-Pickup                                                   -1.250739e+01
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Pickup                                              -1.203856e+01
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Pickup                                     -1.247614e+01
## Truck/trailer-Pickup                                                     -1.178251e+01
## Unknown heavy truck-Pickup                                               -1.233207e+01
## Van-Pickup                                                               -4.867445e+00
## School bus-Police                                                         1.053029e+01
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Police                                 1.315993e+00
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Police                                1.781742e-01
## Sport utility-Police                                                      3.459180e+01
## Taxicab-Police                                                            1.494115e-01
## Tractor/doubles-Police                                                   -2.389381e-01
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Police                                               2.298899e-01
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Police                                     -2.076881e-01
## Truck/trailer-Police                                                      4.859446e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-Police                                               -6.361338e-02
## Van-Police                                                                7.401008e+00
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-School bus                            -9.214299e+00
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-School bus                           -1.035212e+01
## Sport utility-School bus                                                  2.406151e+01
## Taxicab-School bus                                                       -1.038088e+01
## Tractor/doubles-School bus                                               -1.076923e+01
## Tractor/semi-trailer-School bus                                          -1.030040e+01
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-School bus                                 -1.073798e+01
## Truck/trailer-School bus                                                 -1.004435e+01
## Unknown heavy truck-School bus                                           -1.059391e+01
## Van-School bus                                                           -3.129285e+00
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)   -1.137819e+00
## Sport utility-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                          3.327580e+01
## Taxicab-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                               -1.166582e+00
## Tractor/doubles-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                       -1.554931e+00
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                  -1.086103e+00
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)         -1.523681e+00
## Truck/trailer-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                         -8.300487e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                   -1.379607e+00
## Van-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                                    6.085015e+00
## Sport utility-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                         3.441362e+01
## Taxicab-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                              -2.876278e-02
## Tractor/doubles-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                      -4.171123e-01
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                  5.171563e-02
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)        -3.858623e-01
## Truck/trailer-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                         3.077703e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                  -2.417876e-01
## Van-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                                   7.222834e+00
## Taxicab-Sport utility                                                    -3.444239e+01
## Tractor/doubles-Sport utility                                            -3.483074e+01
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Sport utility                                       -3.436191e+01
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Sport utility                              -3.479949e+01
## Truck/trailer-Sport utility                                              -3.410585e+01
## Unknown heavy truck-Sport utility                                        -3.465541e+01
## Van-Sport utility                                                        -2.719079e+01
## Tractor/doubles-Taxicab                                                  -3.883495e-01
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Taxicab                                              8.047842e-02
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Taxicab                                    -3.570995e-01
## Truck/trailer-Taxicab                                                     3.365331e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-Taxicab                                              -2.130248e-01
## Van-Taxicab                                                               7.251597e+00
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Tractor/doubles                                      4.688279e-01
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Tractor/doubles                             3.125000e-02
## Truck/trailer-Tractor/doubles                                             7.248826e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-Tractor/doubles                                       1.753247e-01
## Van-Tractor/doubles                                                       7.639946e+00
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Tractor/semi-trailer                       -4.375779e-01
## Truck/trailer-Tractor/semi-trailer                                        2.560547e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-Tractor/semi-trailer                                 -2.935033e-01
## Van-Tractor/semi-trailer                                                  7.171118e+00
## Truck/trailer-Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)                               6.936326e-01
## Unknown heavy truck-Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)                         1.440747e-01
## Van-Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)                                         7.608696e+00
## Unknown heavy truck-Truck/trailer                                        -5.495580e-01
## Van-Truck/trailer                                                         6.915064e+00
## Van-Unknown heavy truck                                                   7.464622e+00
##                                                                                   lwr
## All terrain vehicle (ATV)-Activity bus                                    -14.2152109
## Commercial bus-Activity bus                                                -3.8785013
## EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad-Activity bus                          -6.7585359
## Farm equipment-Activity bus                                               -17.1903720
## Farm tractor-Activity bus                                                 -17.1903720
## Firetruck-Activity bus                                                     -7.6547638
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Activity bus                                 -4.0630183
## Military-Activity bus                                                     -48.2567026
## Moped-Activity bus                                                         -7.0881150
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Activity bus                              -10.6753262
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Activity bus                                  -11.0060826
## Motorcycle-Activity bus                                                    -6.3006222
## Other bus-Activity bus                                                     -6.5094186
## Other*-Activity bus                                                        -7.9043306
## Passenger car-Activity bus                                                 82.7907291
## Pedal cycle-Activity bus                                                   -7.0394240
## Pedestrian-Activity bus                                                    -6.1514546
## Pickup-Activity bus                                                         6.0831231
## Police-Activity bus                                                        -6.9242555
## School bus-Activity bus                                                     3.7928853
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Activity bus                            -4.9311226
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Activity bus                           -6.2911235
## Sport utility-Activity bus                                                 28.4070879
## Taxicab-Activity bus                                                       -6.8500203
## Tractor/doubles-Activity bus                                              -15.3008356
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Activity bus                                          -6.2121704
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Activity bus                                 -9.6523878
## Truck/trailer-Activity bus                                                 -5.8611951
## Unknown heavy truck-Activity bus                                           -7.8329020
## Van-Activity bus                                                            1.2113830
## Commercial bus-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                   -7.8456254
## EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad-All terrain vehicle (ATV)            -10.1094635
## Farm equipment-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                  -17.2496338
## Farm tractor-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                    -17.2496338
## Firetruck-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                       -10.3737122
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                    -8.3237399
## Military-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                        -46.1206127
## Moped-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                           -10.8445435
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                 -12.3984479
## Motor scooter or motor bike-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                     -12.7963797
## Motorcycle-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                      -10.3947404
## Other bus-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                        -9.5936180
## Other*-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                          -11.1623438
## Passenger car-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                    78.5064357
## Pedal cycle-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                     -10.8281246
## Pedestrian-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                      -10.3221487
## Pickup-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                            1.7997538
## Police-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                          -10.7040817
## School bus-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                       -0.1099662
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-All terrain vehicle (ATV)               -9.1706172
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-All terrain vehicle (ATV)             -10.3755497
## Sport utility-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                    24.1232765
## Taxicab-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                         -10.5811498
## Tractor/doubles-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                 -15.7671564
## Tractor/semi-trailer-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                            -10.3153805
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                   -12.0276535
## Truck/trailer-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                   -10.0303580
## Unknown heavy truck-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                             -11.0909153
## Van-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                              -3.0689257
## EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad-Commercial bus                        -5.8399472
## Farm equipment-Commercial bus                                             -16.6463791
## Farm tractor-Commercial bus                                               -16.6463791
## Firetruck-Commercial bus                                                   -6.8558738
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Commercial bus                               -2.8277087
## Military-Commercial bus                                                   -47.8273227
## Moped-Commercial bus                                                       -6.0604088
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Commercial bus                            -10.0010250
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Commercial bus                                -10.3249261
## Motorcycle-Commercial bus                                                  -5.1469458
## Other bus-Commercial bus                                                   -5.6470201
## Other*-Commercial bus                                                      -7.0064476
## Passenger car-Commercial bus                                               84.0390599
## Pedal cycle-Commercial bus                                                 -6.0013730
## Pedestrian-Commercial bus                                                  -4.9623289
## Pickup-Commercial bus                                                       7.3309355
## Police-Commercial bus                                                      -5.8890791
## School bus-Commercial bus                                                   4.8700861
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Commercial bus                          -3.7071911
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Commercial bus                         -5.1417131
## Sport utility-Commercial bus                                               29.6551482
## Taxicab-Commercial bus                                                     -5.8302200
## Tractor/doubles-Commercial bus                                            -14.7302637
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Commercial bus                                        -5.0544493
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Commercial bus                               -8.9029545
## Truck/trailer-Commercial bus                                               -4.6728105
## Unknown heavy truck-Commercial bus                                         -6.9350190
## Van-Commercial bus                                                          2.4574832
## Farm equipment-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                       -15.0175270
## Farm tractor-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                         -15.0175270
## Firetruck-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                             -5.6450264
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad         -2.2573475
## Military-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                             -46.0040882
## Moped-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                                 -5.1982387
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad       -8.5891063
## Motor scooter or motor bike-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad           -8.9242500
## Motorcycle-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                            -4.4645637
## Other bus-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                             -4.5357625
## Other*-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                                -5.9499118
## Passenger car-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                         84.5918666
## Pedal cycle-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                           -5.1542922
## Pedestrian-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                            -4.3290141
## Pickup-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                                 7.8844395
## Police-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                                -5.0378113
## School bus-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                             5.6605913
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad    -3.1214209
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad   -4.4533819
## Sport utility-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                         30.2083187
## Taxicab-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                               -4.9564783
## Tractor/doubles-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                      -13.1460980
## Tractor/semi-trailer-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                  -4.3776990
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad         -7.6131484
## Truck/trailer-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                         -4.0384767
## Unknown heavy truck-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                   -5.8784832
## Van-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                                    3.0132912
## Farm tractor-Farm equipment                                               -19.0952626
## Firetruck-Farm equipment                                                  -12.9972560
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Farm equipment                              -11.1487486
## Military-Farm equipment                                                   -46.7736499
## Moped-Farm equipment                                                      -13.6185727
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Farm equipment                            -14.8063221
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Farm equipment                                -15.2213446
## Motorcycle-Farm equipment                                                 -13.2043271
## Other bus-Farm equipment                                                  -12.2778614
## Other*-Farm equipment                                                     -13.8724050
## Passenger car-Farm equipment                                               75.6793529
## Pedal cycle-Farm equipment                                                -13.6058113
## Pedestrian-Farm equipment                                                 -13.1389915
## Pickup-Farm equipment                                                      -1.0272482
## Police-Farm equipment                                                     -13.4807681
## School bus-Farm equipment                                                  -2.9001425
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Farm equipment                         -11.9937356
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Farm equipment                        -13.1841973
## Sport utility-Farm equipment                                               21.2962359
## Taxicab-Farm equipment                                                    -13.3522723
## Tractor/doubles-Farm equipment                                            -17.7767221
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Farm equipment                                       -13.1258438
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Farm equipment                              -14.5855156
## Truck/trailer-Farm equipment                                              -12.8470586
## Unknown heavy truck-Farm equipment                                        -13.8009765
## Van-Farm equipment                                                         -5.8956597
## Firetruck-Farm tractor                                                    -12.9972560
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Farm tractor                                -11.1487486
## Military-Farm tractor                                                     -46.7736499
## Moped-Farm tractor                                                        -13.6185727
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Farm tractor                              -14.8063221
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Farm tractor                                  -15.2213446
## Motorcycle-Farm tractor                                                   -13.2043271
## Other bus-Farm tractor                                                    -12.2778614
## Other*-Farm tractor                                                       -13.8724050
## Passenger car-Farm tractor                                                 75.6793529
## Pedal cycle-Farm tractor                                                  -13.6058113
## Pedestrian-Farm tractor                                                   -13.1389915
## Pickup-Farm tractor                                                        -1.0272482
## Police-Farm tractor                                                       -13.4807681
## School bus-Farm tractor                                                    -2.9001425
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Farm tractor                           -11.9937356
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Farm tractor                          -13.1841973
## Sport utility-Farm tractor                                                 21.2962359
## Taxicab-Farm tractor                                                      -13.3522723
## Tractor/doubles-Farm tractor                                              -17.7767221
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Farm tractor                                         -13.1258438
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Farm tractor                                -14.5855156
## Truck/trailer-Farm tractor                                                -12.8470586
## Unknown heavy truck-Farm tractor                                          -13.8009765
## Van-Farm tractor                                                           -5.8956597
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Firetruck                                    -3.8512559
## Military-Firetruck                                                        -46.3723282
## Moped-Firetruck                                                            -6.6297127
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Firetruck                                  -9.5148600
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Firetruck                                      -9.8633177
## Motorcycle-Firetruck                                                       -6.0032770
## Other bus-Firetruck                                                        -5.7741502
## Other*-Firetruck                                                           -7.2355781
## Passenger car-Firetruck                                                    82.9900392
## Pedal cycle-Firetruck                                                      -6.5957287
## Pedestrian-Firetruck                                                       -5.8929229
## Pickup-Firetruck                                                            6.2829230
## Police-Firetruck                                                           -6.4765020
## School bus-Firetruck                                                        4.1834217
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Firetruck                               -4.7082204
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Firetruck                              -5.9889282
## Sport utility-Firetruck                                                    28.6066535
## Taxicab-Firetruck                                                          -6.3801860
## Tractor/doubles-Firetruck                                                 -13.8532607
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Firetruck                                             -5.9193877
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Firetruck                                    -8.6768085
## Truck/trailer-Firetruck                                                    -5.6018787
## Unknown heavy truck-Firetruck                                              -7.1641495
## Van-Firetruck                                                               1.4128043
## Military-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                    -47.1873541
## Moped-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                        -4.9757492
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Light truck (mini-van, panel)              -9.2044796
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                  -9.5237283
## Motorcycle-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                   -3.9111915
## Other bus-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                    -4.7125513
## Other*-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                       -6.0427473
## Passenger car-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                85.4310894
## Pedal cycle-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                  -4.9058509
## Pedestrian-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                   -3.6740572
## Pickup-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                        8.7219438
## Police-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                       -4.7965975
## School bus-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                    6.0088744
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Light truck (mini-van, panel)           -2.3608427
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Light truck (mini-van, panel)          -3.9119041
## Sport utility-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                31.0466446
## Taxicab-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                      -4.7537163
## Tractor/doubles-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                             -14.0018772
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                         -3.8129888
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                -8.0541144
## Truck/trailer-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                -3.3856991
## Unknown heavy truck-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                          -5.9713188
## Van-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                           3.8451354
## Moped-Military                                                            -44.7403046
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Military                                  -44.8414597
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Military                                      -45.3136843
## Motorcycle-Military                                                       -44.4176945
## Other bus-Military                                                        -43.1581296
## Other*-Military                                                           -44.8236263
## Passenger car-Military                                                     44.4216945
## Pedal cycle-Military                                                      -44.7370704
## Pedestrian-Military                                                       -44.3707909
## Pickup-Military                                                           -32.2847033
## Police-Military                                                           -44.6094243
## School bus-Military                                                       -34.0637597
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Military                               -43.2414039
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Military                              -44.3951728
## Sport utility-Military                                                     -9.9613165
## Taxicab-Military                                                          -44.4664157
## Tractor/doubles-Military                                                  -46.2510229
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Military                                             -44.3414429
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Military                                    -45.0996165
## Truck/trailer-Military                                                    -44.0784974
## Unknown heavy truck-Military                                              -44.7521977
## Van-Military                                                              -37.1524404
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Moped                                      -7.2636591
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Moped                                          -7.5911884
## Motorcycle-Moped                                                           -2.6802272
## Other bus-Moped                                                            -3.0112297
## Other*-Moped                                                               -4.3903825
## Passenger car-Moped                                                        86.4467020
## Pedal cycle-Moped                                                          -3.4654456
## Pedestrian-Moped                                                           -2.5174657
## Pickup-Moped                                                                9.7389075
## Police-Moped                                                               -3.3514692
## School bus-Moped                                                            7.3829204
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Moped                                   -1.2840981
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Moped                                  -2.6723854
## Sport utility-Moped                                                        32.0629624
## Taxicab-Moped                                                              -3.2836396
## Tractor/doubles-Moped                                                     -11.9384950
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Moped                                                 -2.5902086
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Moped                                        -6.2056264
## Truck/trailer-Moped                                                        -2.2274873
## Unknown heavy truck-Moped                                                  -4.3189539
## Van-Moped                                                                   4.8665444
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Motor home/recreational vehicle               -10.6458588
## Motorcycle-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                 -7.5733956
## Other bus-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                  -7.0127684
## Other*-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                     -8.5339993
## Passenger car-Motor home/recreational vehicle                              81.3634991
## Pedal cycle-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                -8.0704628
## Pedestrian-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                 -7.4860602
## Pickup-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                      4.6566508
## Police-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                     -7.9483874
## School bus-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                  2.6724132
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Motor home/recreational vehicle         -6.3216977
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Motor home/recreational vehicle        -7.5561058
## Sport utility-Motor home/recreational vehicle                              26.9802531
## Taxicab-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                    -7.8363699
## Tractor/doubles-Motor home/recreational vehicle                           -14.1818120
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Motor home/recreational vehicle                       -7.4922596
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Motor home/recreational vehicle              -9.6662471
## Truck/trailer-Motor home/recreational vehicle                              -7.1945596
## Unknown heavy truck-Motor home/recreational vehicle                        -8.4625707
## Van-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                        -0.2125799
## Motorcycle-Motor scooter or motor bike                                     -6.8925937
## Other bus-Motor scooter or motor bike                                      -6.3507027
## Other*-Motor scooter or motor bike                                         -7.8683651
## Passenger car-Motor scooter or motor bike                                  82.0472344
## Pedal cycle-Motor scooter or motor bike                                    -7.3947897
## Pedestrian-Motor scooter or motor bike                                     -6.8040526
## Pickup-Motor scooter or motor bike                                          5.3403724
## Police-Motor scooter or motor bike                                         -7.2728707
## School bus-Motor scooter or motor bike                                      3.3500618
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Motor scooter or motor bike             -5.6386349
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Motor scooter or motor bike            -6.8754589
## Sport utility-Motor scooter or motor bike                                  27.6639813
## Taxicab-Motor scooter or motor bike                                        -7.1617190
## Tractor/doubles-Motor scooter or motor bike                               -13.5835329
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Motor scooter or motor bike                           -6.8113129
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Motor scooter or motor bike                  -9.0199233
## Truck/trailer-Motor scooter or motor bike                                  -6.5125757
## Unknown heavy truck-Motor scooter or motor bike                            -7.7969366
## Van-Motor scooter or motor bike                                             0.4710960
## Other bus-Motorcycle                                                       -2.8935931
## Other*-Motorcycle                                                          -4.2406213
## Passenger car-Motorcycle                                                   86.9622667
## Pedal cycle-Motorcycle                                                     -3.1817853
## Pedestrian-Motorcycle                                                      -2.0722084
## Pickup-Motorcycle                                                          10.2538351
## Police-Motorcycle                                                          -3.0706866
## School bus-Motorcycle                                                       7.7064260
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Motorcycle                              -0.7980909
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Motorcycle                             -2.2718197
## Sport utility-Motorcycle                                                   32.5781947
## Taxicab-Motorcycle                                                         -3.0181461
## Tractor/doubles-Motorcycle                                                -12.0676655
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Motorcycle                                            -2.1804384
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Motorcycle                                   -6.1866438
## Truck/trailer-Motorcycle                                                   -1.7830808
## Unknown heavy truck-Motorcycle                                             -4.1691927
## Van-Motorcycle                                                              5.3793705
## Other*-Other bus                                                           -7.0771720
## Passenger car-Other bus                                                    83.3157253
## Pedal cycle-Other bus                                                      -6.3529094
## Pedestrian-Other bus                                                       -5.5864252
## Pickup-Other bus                                                            6.6084528
## Police-Other bus                                                           -6.2351388
## School bus-Other bus                                                        4.4450793
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Other bus                               -4.3901081
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Other bus                              -5.6969503
## Sport utility-Other bus                                                    28.9322581
## Taxicab-Other bus                                                          -6.1467892
## Tractor/doubles-Other bus                                                 -14.0332539
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Other bus                                             -5.6242534
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Other bus                                    -8.6443214
## Truck/trailer-Other bus                                                    -5.2956392
## Unknown heavy truck-Other bus                                              -7.0057434
## Van-Other bus                                                               1.7378165
## Passenger car-Other*                                                       85.3833433
## Pedal cycle-Other*                                                         -4.3337273
## Pedestrian-Other*                                                          -3.5304127
## Pickup-Other*                                                               8.6759752
## Police-Other*                                                              -4.2167711
## School bus-Other*                                                           6.4749044
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Other*                                  -2.3271011
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Other*                                 -3.6495558
## Sport utility-Other*                                                       30.9998262
## Taxicab-Other*                                                             -4.1328566
## Tractor/doubles-Other*                                                    -12.2166904
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Other*                                                -3.5749970
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Other*                                       -6.7328094
## Truck/trailer-Other*                                                       -3.2397812
## Unknown heavy truck-Other*                                                 -5.0319950
## Van-Other*                                                                  3.8050225
## Pedal cycle-Passenger car                                                 -91.6875407
## Pedestrian-Passenger car                                                  -90.4344688
## Pickup-Passenger car                                                      -78.0238790
## Police-Passenger car                                                      -91.5785795
## School bus-Passenger car                                                  -80.7685376
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Passenger car                          -89.1133821
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Passenger car                         -90.6794445
## Sport utility-Passenger car                                               -55.6991012
## Taxicab-Passenger car                                                     -91.5372163
## Tractor/doubles-Passenger car                                            -100.8137600
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Passenger car                                        -90.5791640
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Passenger car                               -94.8568989
## Truck/trailer-Passenger car                                               -90.1462594
## Unknown heavy truck-Passenger car                                         -92.7648379
## Van-Passenger car                                                         -82.9012151
## Pedestrian-Pedal cycle                                                     -2.4493453
## Pickup-Pedal cycle                                                          9.8117356
## Police-Pedal cycle                                                         -3.2959313
## School bus-Pedal cycle                                                      7.4419184
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Pedal cycle                             -1.2131779
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Pedal cycle                            -2.6074833
## Sport utility-Pedal cycle                                                  32.1358103
## Taxicab-Pedal cycle                                                        -3.2293712
## Tractor/doubles-Pedal cycle                                               -11.9215905
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Pedal cycle                                           -2.5246311
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Pedal cycle                                  -6.1738302
## Truck/trailer-Pedal cycle                                                  -2.1594266
## Unknown heavy truck-Pedal cycle                                            -4.2747964
## Van-Pedal cycle                                                             4.9392361
## Pickup-Pedestrian                                                          10.4193743
## Police-Pedestrian                                                          -2.9836255
## School bus-Pedestrian                                                       7.8057391
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Pedestrian                              -0.6440992
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Pedestrian                             -2.1484205
## Sport utility-Pedestrian                                                   32.7438593
## Taxicab-Pedestrian                                                         -2.9353080
## Tractor/doubles-Pedestrian                                                -12.0757284
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Pedestrian                                            -2.0539620
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Pedestrian                                   -6.1635023
## Truck/trailer-Pedestrian                                                   -1.6445790
## Unknown heavy truck-Pedestrian                                             -4.1160568
## Van-Pedestrian                                                              5.5440469
## Police-Pickup                                                             -14.8737843
## School bus-Pickup                                                          -4.0639246
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Pickup                                 -12.4097817
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Pickup                                -13.9752286
## Sport utility-Pickup                                                       21.0042148
## Taxicab-Pickup                                                            -14.8323608
## Tractor/doubles-Pickup                                                    -24.1077904
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Pickup                                               -13.8750035
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Pickup                                      -18.1512843
## Truck/trailer-Pickup                                                      -13.4423279
## Unknown heavy truck-Pickup                                                -16.0595866
## Van-Pickup                                                                 -6.1978736
## School bus-Police                                                           7.2971750
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Police                                  -1.3612550
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Police                                 -2.7538739
## Sport utility-Police                                                       31.9871914
## Taxicab-Police                                                             -3.3727997
## Tractor/doubles-Police                                                    -12.0547381
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Police                                                -2.6712106
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Police                                       -6.3110576
## Truck/trailer-Police                                                       -2.3067014
## Unknown heavy truck-Police                                                 -4.4154264
## Van-Police                                                                  4.7906612
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-School bus                             -11.6203516
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-School bus                            -13.0388145
## Sport utility-School bus                                                   21.7365527
## Taxicab-School bus                                                        -13.7016343
## Tractor/doubles-School bus                                                -22.5265502
## Tractor/semi-trailer-School bus                                           -12.9532905
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-School bus                                  -16.7273504
## Truck/trailer-School bus                                                  -12.5781793
## Unknown heavy truck-School bus                                            -14.7843363
## Van-School bus                                                             -5.4606662
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)     -3.1209841
## Sport utility-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                           31.8197785
## Taxicab-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                                 -3.9490284
## Tractor/doubles-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                        -13.1716937
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                    -3.0232200
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)           -7.2321975
## Truck/trailer-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                           -2.6006160
## Unknown heavy truck-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                     -5.1577429
## Van-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                                      4.6187446
## Sport utility-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                          32.5296755
## Taxicab-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                                -3.0571711
## Tractor/doubles-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                       -12.0952293
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                   -2.2246124
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)          -6.2182208
## Truck/trailer-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                          -1.8286184
## Unknown heavy truck-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                    -4.2045597
## Van-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                                     5.3309574
## Taxicab-Sport utility                                                     -37.1550098
## Tractor/doubles-Sport utility                                             -46.4309723
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Sport utility                                        -36.1973201
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Sport utility                               -40.4742964
## Truck/trailer-Sport utility                                               -35.7645351
## Unknown heavy truck-Sport utility                                         -38.3824249
## Van-Sport utility                                                         -28.5197989
## Tractor/doubles-Taxicab                                                   -12.2284290
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Taxicab                                               -2.9179769
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Taxicab                                      -6.5073410
## Truck/trailer-Taxicab                                                      -2.5571189
## Unknown heavy truck-Taxicab                                                -4.6303348
## Van-Taxicab                                                                 4.5334609
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Tractor/doubles                                      -11.2015574
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Tractor/doubles                             -12.8152526
## Truck/trailer-Tractor/doubles                                             -10.9190162
## Unknown heavy truck-Tractor/doubles                                       -11.9374696
## Van-Tractor/doubles                                                        -3.9615804
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Tractor/semi-trailer                         -6.2544399
## Truck/trailer-Tractor/semi-trailer                                         -1.8376583
## Unknown heavy truck-Tractor/semi-trailer                                   -4.2334321
## Van-Tractor/semi-trailer                                                    5.3275689
## Truck/trailer-Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)                                -5.0699054
## Unknown heavy truck-Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)                          -6.5160887
## Van-Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)                                           1.9312487
## Unknown heavy truck-Truck/trailer                                          -4.4103256
## Van-Truck/trailer                                                           5.2473820
## Van-Unknown heavy truck                                                     3.7335939
##                                                                                   upr
## All terrain vehicle (ATV)-Activity bus                                     7.67592687
## Commercial bus-Activity bus                                                3.12084116
## EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad-Activity bus                          2.18200068
## Farm equipment-Activity bus                                               10.42886570
## Farm tractor-Activity bus                                                 10.42886570
## Firetruck-Activity bus                                                     3.55992424
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Activity bus                                 2.08768221
## Military-Activity bus                                                     41.49519637
## Moped-Activity bus                                                         0.54883096
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Activity bus                               4.96645154
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Activity bus                                   4.29457628
## Motorcycle-Activity bus                                                    0.32621271
## Other bus-Activity bus                                                     3.35108698
## Other*-Activity bus                                                        1.35061651
## Passenger car-Activity bus                                                88.87516663
## Pedal cycle-Activity bus                                                   0.49820754
## Pedestrian-Activity bus                                                    0.25481314
## Pickup-Activity bus                                                       12.17015328
## Police-Activity bus                                                        0.64062537
## School bus-Activity bus                                                   10.98407001
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Activity bus                            1.27947895
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Activity bus                           0.36384187
## Sport utility-Activity bus                                                34.49287773
## Taxicab-Activity bus                                                       0.86521304
## Tractor/doubles-Activity bus                                               8.53932929
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Activity bus                                          0.38832001
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Activity bus                                 2.95338148
## Truck/trailer-Activity bus                                                 0.54945413
## Unknown heavy truck-Activity bus                                           1.42204508
## Van-Activity bus                                                           7.30700321
## Commercial bus-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                  13.62724930
## EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad-All terrain vehicle (ATV)            12.07221239
## Farm equipment-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                  17.02741159
## Farm tractor-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                    17.02741159
## Firetruck-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                       12.81815665
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                   12.88768789
## Military-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                        45.89839043
## Moped-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                           10.84454351
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                 13.22885721
## Motor scooter or motor bike-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                     12.62415750
## Motorcycle-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                      10.95961496
## Other bus-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                       12.97457034
## Other*-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                          11.14791384
## Passenger car-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                   99.69874405
## Pedal cycle-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                     10.82619227
## Pedestrian-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                      10.96479136
## Pickup-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                          22.99280662
## Police-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                          10.95973554
## School bus-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                      21.42620550
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-All terrain vehicle (ATV)              12.05825760
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-All terrain vehicle (ATV)             10.98755207
## Sport utility-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                   45.31597314
## Taxicab-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                         11.13562661
## Tractor/doubles-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                 15.54493415
## Tractor/semi-trailer-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                            11.03081415
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                   11.86793126
## Truck/trailer-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                   11.25790108
## Unknown heavy truck-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                             11.21934241
## Van-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                             18.12659597
## EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad-Commercial bus                        2.02107219
## Farm equipment-Commercial bus                                             10.64253296
## Farm tractor-Commercial bus                                               10.64253296
## Firetruck-Commercial bus                                                   3.51869428
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Commercial bus                               1.61003278
## Military-Commercial bus                                                   41.82347656
## Moped-Commercial bus                                                       0.27878489
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Commercial bus                             5.04981040
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Commercial bus                                 4.37107995
## Motorcycle-Commercial bus                                                 -0.06980353
## Other bus-Commercial bus                                                   3.24634850
## Other*-Commercial bus                                                      1.21039361
## Passenger car-Commercial bus                                              88.38449588
## Pedal cycle-Commercial bus                                                 0.21781675
## Pedestrian-Commercial bus                                                 -0.17665243
## Pickup-Commercial bus                                                     11.68000094
## Police-Commercial bus                                                      0.36310904
## School bus-Commercial bus                                                 10.66452926
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Commercial bus                          0.81320759
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Commercial bus                        -0.02790846
## Sport utility-Commercial bus                                              34.00247747
## Taxicab-Commercial bus                                                     0.60307292
## Tractor/doubles-Commercial bus                                             8.72641753
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Commercial bus                                       -0.01174099
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Commercial bus                               2.96160834
## Truck/trailer-Commercial bus                                               0.11872964
## Unknown heavy truck-Commercial bus                                         1.28182218
## Van-Commercial bus                                                         6.81856316
## Farm equipment-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                       12.83255594
## Farm tractor-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                         12.83255594
## Firetruck-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                             6.12672200
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad         4.85854659
## Military-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                             43.81911710
## Moped-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                                 3.23548979
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad       7.45676680
## Motor scooter or motor bike-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad           6.78927893
## Motorcycle-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                            3.06668938
## Other bus-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                             5.95396598
## Other*-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                                3.97273290
## Passenger car-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                        91.65056426
## Pedal cycle-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                           3.18961098
## Pedestrian-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                            3.00890783
## Pickup-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                               14.94537204
## Police-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                                3.33071633
## School bus-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                           13.69289917
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad    4.04631252
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad   3.10263537
## Sport utility-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                        37.26818205
## Taxicab-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                               3.54820618
## Tractor/doubles-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                      10.96112690
## Tractor/semi-trailer-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                  3.13038374
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad         5.49067734
## Truck/trailer-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                         3.30327082
## Unknown heavy truck-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                   4.04416147
## Van-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                                  10.08163025
## Farm tractor-Farm equipment                                               19.09526262
## Firetruck-Farm equipment                                                  15.66392262
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Farm equipment                              15.93491885
## Military-Farm equipment                                                   46.77364991
## Moped-Farm equipment                                                      13.84079494
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Farm equipment                            15.85895369
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Farm equipment                                15.27134455
## Motorcycle-Farm equipment                                                 13.99142385
## Other bus-Farm equipment                                                  15.88103597
## Other*-Farm equipment                                                     14.08019724
## Passenger car-Farm equipment                                             102.74804904
## Pedal cycle-Farm equipment                                                13.82610111
## Pedestrian-Farm equipment                                                 14.00385640
## Pickup-Farm equipment                                                     26.04203080
## Police-Farm equipment                                                     13.95864424
## School bus-Farm equipment                                                 24.43860407
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Farm equipment                         15.10359823
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Farm equipment                        14.01842191
## Sport utility-Farm equipment                                              48.36523598
## Taxicab-Farm equipment                                                    14.12897135
## Tractor/doubles-Farm equipment                                            17.77672206
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Farm equipment                                       14.06349970
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Farm equipment                              14.64801560
## Truck/trailer-Farm equipment                                              14.29682383
## Unknown heavy truck-Farm equipment                                        14.15162581
## Van-Farm equipment                                                        21.17555221
## Firetruck-Farm tractor                                                    15.66392262
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Farm tractor                                15.93491885
## Military-Farm tractor                                                     46.77364991
## Moped-Farm tractor                                                        13.84079494
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Farm tractor                              15.85895369
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Farm tractor                                  15.27134455
## Motorcycle-Farm tractor                                                   13.99142385
## Other bus-Farm tractor                                                    15.88103597
## Other*-Farm tractor                                                       14.08019724
## Passenger car-Farm tractor                                               102.74804904
## Pedal cycle-Farm tractor                                                  13.82610111
## Pedestrian-Farm tractor                                                   14.00385640
## Pickup-Farm tractor                                                       26.04203080
## Police-Farm tractor                                                       13.95864424
## School bus-Farm tractor                                                   24.43860407
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Farm tractor                           15.10359823
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Farm tractor                          14.01842191
## Sport utility-Farm tractor                                                48.36523598
## Taxicab-Farm tractor                                                      14.12897135
## Tractor/doubles-Farm tractor                                              17.77672206
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Farm tractor                                         14.06349970
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Farm tractor                                14.64801560
## Truck/trailer-Farm tractor                                                14.29682383
## Unknown heavy truck-Farm tractor                                          14.15162581
## Van-Farm tractor                                                          21.17555221
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Firetruck                                    5.97075941
## Military-Firetruck                                                        43.70566156
## Moped-Firetruck                                                            4.18526821
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Firetruck                                  7.90082489
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Firetruck                                      7.24665100
## Motorcycle-Firetruck                                                       4.12370714
## Other bus-Firetruck                                                        6.71065813
## Other*-Firetruck                                                           4.77670365
## Passenger car-Firetruck                                                   92.77069607
## Pedal cycle-Firetruck                                                      4.14935187
## Pedestrian-Firetruck                                                       4.09112106
## Pickup-Firetruck                                                          16.06519292
## Police-Firetruck                                                           4.28771143
## School bus-Firetruck                                                      14.68837318
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Firetruck                               5.15141642
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Firetruck                              4.15648614
## Sport utility-Firetruck                                                   38.38815167
## Taxicab-Firetruck                                                          4.49021841
## Tractor/doubles-Firetruck                                                 11.18659406
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Firetruck                                             4.19037693
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Firetruck                                    6.07264184
## Truck/trailer-Firetruck                                                    4.38497727
## Unknown heavy truck-Firetruck                                              4.84813222
## Van-Firetruck                                                             11.20042158
## Military-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                    42.40118387
## Moped-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                        0.41180118
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Light truck (mini-van, panel)              5.47094094
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                  4.78755804
## Motorcycle-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                  -0.08788194
## Other bus-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                    3.52955565
## Other*-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                       1.46436933
## Passenger car-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                               88.21014236
## Pedal cycle-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                  0.33997059
## Pedestrian-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                  -0.24724811
## Pickup-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                      11.50666857
## Police-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                       0.48830343
## School bus-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                  10.74341694
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Light truck (mini-van, panel)           0.68453513
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Light truck (mini-van, panel)         -0.04004153
## Sport utility-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                               33.82865706
## Taxicab-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                      0.74424515
## Tractor/doubles-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                              9.21570699
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                        -0.03552552
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                3.33044416
## Truck/trailer-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                0.04929418
## Unknown heavy truck-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                          1.53579790
## Van-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                          6.64858690
## Moped-Military                                                            44.96252680
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Military                                  45.89409132
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Military                                      45.36368430
## Motorcycle-Military                                                       45.20479127
## Other bus-Military                                                        46.76130423
## Other*-Military                                                           45.03141846
## Passenger car-Military                                                   134.00570752
## Pedal cycle-Military                                                      44.95736029
## Pedestrian-Military                                                       45.23565576
## Pickup-Military                                                           57.29948590
## Police-Military                                                           45.08730045
## School bus-Military                                                       55.60222128
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Military                               46.35126653
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Military                              45.22939739
## Sport utility-Military                                                    79.62278839
## Taxicab-Military                                                          45.24311470
## Tractor/doubles-Military                                                  46.25102289
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Military                                             45.27909876
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Military                                    45.16211647
## Truck/trailer-Military                                                    45.52826263
## Unknown heavy truck-Military                                              45.10284703
## Van-Military                                                              52.43233289
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Moped                                      8.09406844
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Moped                                          7.41896622
## Motorcycle-Moped                                                           3.24510175
## Other bus-Moped                                                            6.39218209
## Other*-Moped                                                               4.37595245
## Passenger car-Moped                                                       91.75847780
## Pedal cycle-Moped                                                          3.46351324
## Pedestrian-Moped                                                           3.16010838
## Pickup-Moped                                                              15.05365291
## Police-Moped                                                               3.60712304
## School bus-Moped                                                          13.93331890
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Moped                                   4.17173853
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Moped                                  3.28438779
## Sport utility-Moped                                                       37.37628723
## Taxicab-Moped                                                              3.83811637
## Tractor/doubles-Moped                                                     11.71627282
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Moped                                                 3.30564220
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Moped                                        6.04590415
## Truck/trailer-Moped                                                        3.45503032
## Unknown heavy truck-Moped                                                  4.44738102
## Van-Moped                                                                 10.19112587
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Motor home/recreational vehicle                9.64322722
## Motorcycle-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                 7.30786079
## Other bus-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                  9.56331142
## Other*-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                     7.68915994
## Passenger car-Motor home/recreational vehicle                             96.01127131
## Pedal cycle-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                7.23812106
## Pedestrian-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                 7.29829353
## Pickup-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                    19.30550020
## Police-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                     7.37363189
## School bus-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                17.81341676
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Motor home/recreational vehicle         8.37892883
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Motor home/recreational vehicle        7.33769881
## Sport utility-Motor home/recreational vehicle                             41.62858714
## Taxicab-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                    7.56043739
## Tractor/doubles-Motor home/recreational vehicle                           13.12918046
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Motor home/recreational vehicle                       7.37728390
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Motor home/recreational vehicle              8.67611555
## Truck/trailer-Motor home/recreational vehicle                              7.59169329
## Unknown heavy truck-Motor home/recreational vehicle                        7.76058852
## Van-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                       14.43984088
## Motorcycle-Motor scooter or motor bike                                     7.62969052
## Other bus-Motor scooter or motor bike                                      9.90387729
## Other*-Motor scooter or motor bike                                         8.02615734
## Passenger car-Motor scooter or motor bike                                 96.33016757
## Pedal cycle-Motor scooter or motor bike                                    7.56507955
## Pedestrian-Motor scooter or motor bike                                     7.61891745
## Pickup-Motor scooter or motor bike                                        19.62441021
## Police-Motor scooter or motor bike                                         7.70074683
## School bus-Motor scooter or motor bike                                    18.13839971
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Motor scooter or motor bike             8.69849762
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Motor scooter or motor bike            7.65968349
## Sport utility-Motor scooter or motor bike                                 41.94749057
## Taxicab-Motor scooter or motor bike                                        7.88841803
## Tractor/doubles-Motor scooter or motor bike                               13.53353292
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Motor scooter or motor bike                           7.69896875
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Motor scooter or motor bike                  9.03242329
## Truck/trailer-Motor scooter or motor bike                                  7.91234100
## Unknown heavy truck-Motor scooter or motor bike                            8.09758591
## Van-Motor scooter or motor bike                                           14.75879649
## Other bus-Motorcycle                                                       5.70967089
## Other*-Motorcycle                                                          3.66131675
## Passenger car-Motorcycle                                                  90.67803849
## Pedal cycle-Motorcycle                                                     2.61497833
## Pedestrian-Motorcycle                                                      2.14997649
## Pickup-Motorcycle                                                         13.97385074
## Police-Motorcycle                                                          2.76146591
## School bus-Motorcycle                                                     13.04493873
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Motorcycle                              3.12085676
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Motorcycle                             2.31894755
## Sport utility-Motorcycle                                                  36.29618041
## Taxicab-Motorcycle                                                         3.00774839
## Tractor/doubles-Motorcycle                                                11.28056871
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Motorcycle                                            2.33099747
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Motorcycle                                   5.46204702
## Truck/trailer-Motorcycle                                                   2.44574927
## Unknown heavy truck-Motorcycle                                             3.73274532
## Van-Motorcycle                                                             9.11342524
## Other*-Other bus                                                           3.68178962
## Passenger car-Other bus                                                   91.50850204
## Pedal cycle-Other bus                                                      2.97002462
## Pedestrian-Other bus                                                       2.84811544
## Pickup-Other bus                                                          14.80315518
## Police-Other bus                                                           3.10984026
## School bus-Other bus                                                      13.49020767
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Other bus                               3.89679612
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Other bus                              2.92800034
## Sport utility-Other bus                                                   37.12603916
## Taxicab-Other bus                                                          3.32031360
## Tractor/doubles-Other bus                                                 10.43007929
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Other bus                                             2.95873465
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Other bus                                    5.10364677
## Truck/trailer-Other bus                                                    3.14222984
## Unknown heavy truck-Other bus                                              3.75321819
## Van-Other bus                                                              9.93890145
## Passenger car-Other*                                                      92.83626650
## Pedal cycle-Other*                                                         4.34622500
## Pedestrian-Other*                                                          4.18748534
## Pickup-Other*                                                             16.13101519
## Police-Other*                                                              4.48685500
## School bus-Other*                                                         14.85576490
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Other*                                  5.22917152
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Other*                                 4.27598823
## Sport utility-Other*                                                      38.45385346
## Taxicab-Other*                                                             4.70176338
## Tractor/doubles-Other*                                                    12.00889821
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Other*                                                4.30486070
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Other*                                       6.58751723
## Truck/trailer-Other*                                                       4.48175420
## Unknown heavy truck-Other*                                                 5.17485217
## Van-Other*                                                                11.26707781
## Pedal cycle-Passenger car                                                -86.51957138
## Pedestrian-Passenger car                                                 -87.12806829
## Pickup-Passenger car                                                     -75.38874036
## Police-Passenger car                                                     -86.37094641
## School bus-Passenger car                                                 -76.12040283
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Passenger car                         -86.20415718
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Passenger car                        -86.91373291
## Sport utility-Passenger car                                              -53.06682893
## Taxicab-Passenger car                                                    -86.11348661
## Tractor/doubles-Passenger car                                            -77.61364195
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Passenger car                                       -86.91058213
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Passenger car                              -83.50800307
## Truck/trailer-Passenger car                                              -86.83137734
## Unknown heavy truck-Passenger car                                        -85.31191471
## Van-Passenger car                                                        -80.24629437
## Pedestrian-Pedal cycle                                                     3.09392027
## Pickup-Pedal cycle                                                        14.98275716
## Police-Pedal cycle                                                         3.55351758
## School bus-Pedal cycle                                                    13.87625328
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Pedal cycle                             4.10275076
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Pedal cycle                            3.22141808
## Sport utility-Pedal cycle                                                 37.30537172
## Taxicab-Pedal cycle                                                        3.78578040
## Tractor/doubles-Pedal cycle                                               11.70130066
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Pedal cycle                                           3.24199711
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Pedal cycle                                  6.01604037
## Truck/trailer-Pedal cycle                                                  3.38890204
## Unknown heavy truck-Pedal cycle                                            4.40515592
## Van-Pedal cycle                                                           10.12036654
## Pickup-Pedestrian                                                         13.73054345
## Police-Pedestrian                                                          2.59663678
## School bus-Pedestrian                                                     12.86785752
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Pedestrian                              2.88909699
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Pedestrian                             2.11778025
## Sport utility-Pedestrian                                                  36.05274771
## Taxicab-Pedestrian                                                         2.84714215
## Tractor/doubles-Pedestrian                                                11.21086354
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Pedestrian                                            2.12675302
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Pedestrian                                   5.36113747
## Truck/trailer-Pedestrian                                                   2.22947939
## Unknown heavy truck-Pedestrian                                             3.60184125
## Van-Pedestrian                                                             8.87098080
## Police-Pickup                                                             -9.66312224
## School bus-Pickup                                                          0.58760351
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Pickup                                 -9.49513824
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Pickup                               -10.20532940
## Sport utility-Pickup                                                      23.64247444
## Taxicab-Pickup                                                            -9.40572275
## Tractor/doubles-Pickup                                                    -0.90699222
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Pickup                                              -10.20212324
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Pickup                                      -6.80099828
## Truck/trailer-Pickup                                                     -10.12268944
## Unknown heavy truck-Pickup                                                -8.60454664
## Van-Pickup                                                                -3.53701648
## School bus-Police                                                         13.76341040
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Police                                  3.99324153
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Police                                 3.11022244
## Sport utility-Police                                                      37.19640438
## Taxicab-Police                                                             3.67162267
## Tractor/doubles-Police                                                    11.57686199
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Police                                                3.13099035
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Police                                       5.89568151
## Truck/trailer-Police                                                       3.27859054
## Unknown heavy truck-Police                                                 4.28819967
## Van-Police                                                                10.01135526
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-School bus                             -6.80824729
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-School bus                            -7.66542248
## Sport utility-School bus                                                  26.38645759
## Taxicab-School bus                                                        -7.06012825
## Tractor/doubles-School bus                                                 0.98808862
## Tractor/semi-trailer-School bus                                           -7.64751523
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-School bus                                  -4.74861113
## Truck/trailer-School bus                                                  -7.51051701
## Unknown heavy truck-School bus                                            -6.40347585
## Van-School bus                                                            -0.79790284
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)     0.84534600
## Sport utility-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                          34.73183069
## Taxicab-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                                 1.61586471
## Tractor/doubles-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                        10.06183101
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                    0.85101324
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)           4.18483484
## Truck/trailer-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                           0.94051855
## Unknown heavy truck-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                     2.39852962
## Van-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                                     7.55128526
## Sport utility-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                         36.29757172
## Taxicab-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                                2.99964557
## Tractor/doubles-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                       11.26100467
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                   2.32804366
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)          5.44649617
## Truck/trailer-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                          2.44415907
## Unknown heavy truck-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                    3.72098441
## Van-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                                    9.11471057
## Taxicab-Sport utility                                                    -31.72976304
## Tractor/doubles-Sport utility                                            -23.23049954
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Sport utility                                       -32.52649586
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Sport utility                              -29.12467547
## Truck/trailer-Sport utility                                              -32.44717152
## Unknown heavy truck-Sport utility                                        -30.92839762
## Van-Sport utility                                                        -25.86178044
## Tractor/doubles-Taxicab                                                   11.45172992
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Taxicab                                               3.07893376
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Taxicab                                      5.79314199
## Truck/trailer-Taxicab                                                      3.23018513
## Unknown heavy truck-Taxicab                                                4.20428513
## Van-Taxicab                                                                9.96973256
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Tractor/doubles                                      12.13921324
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Tractor/doubles                             12.87775261
## Truck/trailer-Tractor/doubles                                             12.36878149
## Unknown heavy truck-Tractor/doubles                                       12.28811899
## Van-Tractor/doubles                                                       19.24147293
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Tractor/semi-trailer                         5.37928400
## Truck/trailer-Tractor/semi-trailer                                         2.34976771
## Unknown heavy truck-Tractor/semi-trailer                                   3.64642562
## Van-Tractor/semi-trailer                                                   9.01466774
## Truck/trailer-Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)                                6.45717062
## Unknown heavy truck-Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)                          6.80423801
## Van-Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)                                         13.28614379
## Unknown heavy truck-Truck/trailer                                          3.31120973
## Van-Truck/trailer                                                          8.58274524
## Van-Unknown heavy truck                                                   11.19564924
##                                                                              p adj
## All terrain vehicle (ATV)-Activity bus                                   0.9999997
## Commercial bus-Activity bus                                              1.0000000
## EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad-Activity bus                        0.9893302
## Farm equipment-Activity bus                                              1.0000000
## Farm tractor-Activity bus                                                1.0000000
## Firetruck-Activity bus                                                   0.9999759
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Activity bus                               0.9999986
## Military-Activity bus                                                    1.0000000
## Moped-Activity bus                                                       0.2446443
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Activity bus                             0.9999761
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Activity bus                                 0.9991306
## Motorcycle-Activity bus                                                  0.1573515
## Other bus-Activity bus                                                   0.9999987
## Other*-Activity bus                                                      0.6722998
## Passenger car-Activity bus                                               0.0000000
## Pedal cycle-Activity bus                                                 0.2198294
## Pedestrian-Activity bus                                                  0.1287090
## Pickup-Activity bus                                                      0.0000000
## Police-Activity bus                                                      0.3059685
## School bus-Activity bus                                                  0.0000000
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Activity bus                          0.9364940
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Activity bus                         0.1758952
## Sport utility-Activity bus                                               0.0000000
## Taxicab-Activity bus                                                     0.4618328
## Tractor/doubles-Activity bus                                             0.9999999
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Activity bus                                        0.1910955
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Activity bus                               0.9819116
## Truck/trailer-Activity bus                                               0.3112287
## Unknown heavy truck-Activity bus                                         0.7177561
## Van-Activity bus                                                         0.0000641
## Commercial bus-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                 1.0000000
## EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad-All terrain vehicle (ATV)           1.0000000
## Farm equipment-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                 1.0000000
## Farm tractor-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                   1.0000000
## Firetruck-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                      1.0000000
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                  1.0000000
## Military-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                       1.0000000
## Moped-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                          1.0000000
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                1.0000000
## Motor scooter or motor bike-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                    1.0000000
## Motorcycle-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                     1.0000000
## Other bus-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                      1.0000000
## Other*-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                         1.0000000
## Passenger car-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                  0.0000000
## Pedal cycle-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                    1.0000000
## Pedestrian-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                     1.0000000
## Pickup-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                         0.0041437
## Police-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                         1.0000000
## School bus-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                     0.0569406
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-All terrain vehicle (ATV)             1.0000000
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-All terrain vehicle (ATV)            1.0000000
## Sport utility-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                  0.0000000
## Taxicab-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                        1.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                           1.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                  1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                  1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                            1.0000000
## Van-All terrain vehicle (ATV)                                            0.6653937
## EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad-Commercial bus                      0.9951636
## Farm equipment-Commercial bus                                            1.0000000
## Farm tractor-Commercial bus                                              1.0000000
## Firetruck-Commercial bus                                                 0.9999985
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Commercial bus                             1.0000000
## Military-Commercial bus                                                  1.0000000
## Moped-Commercial bus                                                     0.1409043
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Commercial bus                           0.9999975
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Commercial bus                               0.9998020
## Motorcycle-Commercial bus                                                0.0348175
## Other bus-Commercial bus                                                 1.0000000
## Other*-Commercial bus                                                    0.6805337
## Passenger car-Commercial bus                                             0.0000000
## Pedal cycle-Commercial bus                                               0.1159248
## Pedestrian-Commercial bus                                                0.0182234
## Pickup-Commercial bus                                                    0.0000000
## Police-Commercial bus                                                    0.1882697
## School bus-Commercial bus                                                0.0000000
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Commercial bus                        0.8500472
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Commercial bus                       0.0433984
## Sport utility-Commercial bus                                             0.0000000
## Taxicab-Commercial bus                                                   0.3541186
## Tractor/doubles-Commercial bus                                           1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Commercial bus                                      0.0470846
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Commercial bus                             0.9922887
## Truck/trailer-Commercial bus                                             0.0917906
## Unknown heavy truck-Commercial bus                                       0.7311100
## Van-Commercial bus                                                       0.0000000
## Farm equipment-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                      1.0000000
## Farm tractor-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                        1.0000000
## Firetruck-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                           1.0000000
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad       0.9999753
## Military-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                            1.0000000
## Moped-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                               1.0000000
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad     1.0000000
## Motor scooter or motor bike-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad         1.0000000
## Motorcycle-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                          1.0000000
## Other bus-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                           1.0000000
## Other*-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                              1.0000000
## Passenger car-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                       0.0000000
## Pedal cycle-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                         1.0000000
## Pedestrian-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                          1.0000000
## Pickup-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                              0.0000000
## Police-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                              1.0000000
## School bus-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                          0.0000000
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad  1.0000000
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad 1.0000000
## Sport utility-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                       0.0000000
## Taxicab-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                             1.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                     1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                1.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad       1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                       1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                 1.0000000
## Van-EMS Vehicle, Ambulance, Rescue Squad                                 0.0000000
## Farm tractor-Farm equipment                                              1.0000000
## Firetruck-Farm equipment                                                 1.0000000
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Farm equipment                             1.0000000
## Military-Farm equipment                                                  1.0000000
## Moped-Farm equipment                                                     1.0000000
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Farm equipment                           1.0000000
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Farm equipment                               1.0000000
## Motorcycle-Farm equipment                                                1.0000000
## Other bus-Farm equipment                                                 1.0000000
## Other*-Farm equipment                                                    1.0000000
## Passenger car-Farm equipment                                             0.0000000
## Pedal cycle-Farm equipment                                               1.0000000
## Pedestrian-Farm equipment                                                1.0000000
## Pickup-Farm equipment                                                    0.1236705
## Police-Farm equipment                                                    1.0000000
## School bus-Farm equipment                                                0.4251392
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Farm equipment                        1.0000000
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Farm equipment                       1.0000000
## Sport utility-Farm equipment                                             0.0000000
## Taxicab-Farm equipment                                                   1.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-Farm equipment                                           1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Farm equipment                                      1.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Farm equipment                             1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Farm equipment                                             1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Farm equipment                                       1.0000000
## Van-Farm equipment                                                       0.9605904
## Firetruck-Farm tractor                                                   1.0000000
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Farm tractor                               1.0000000
## Military-Farm tractor                                                    1.0000000
## Moped-Farm tractor                                                       1.0000000
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Farm tractor                             1.0000000
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Farm tractor                                 1.0000000
## Motorcycle-Farm tractor                                                  1.0000000
## Other bus-Farm tractor                                                   1.0000000
## Other*-Farm tractor                                                      1.0000000
## Passenger car-Farm tractor                                               0.0000000
## Pedal cycle-Farm tractor                                                 1.0000000
## Pedestrian-Farm tractor                                                  1.0000000
## Pickup-Farm tractor                                                      0.1236705
## Police-Farm tractor                                                      1.0000000
## School bus-Farm tractor                                                  0.4251392
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Farm tractor                          1.0000000
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Farm tractor                         1.0000000
## Sport utility-Farm tractor                                               0.0000000
## Taxicab-Farm tractor                                                     1.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-Farm tractor                                             1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Farm tractor                                        1.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Farm tractor                               1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Farm tractor                                               1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Farm tractor                                         1.0000000
## Van-Farm tractor                                                         0.9605904
## Light truck (mini-van, panel)-Firetruck                                  1.0000000
## Military-Firetruck                                                       1.0000000
## Moped-Firetruck                                                          1.0000000
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Firetruck                                1.0000000
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Firetruck                                    1.0000000
## Motorcycle-Firetruck                                                     1.0000000
## Other bus-Firetruck                                                      1.0000000
## Other*-Firetruck                                                         1.0000000
## Passenger car-Firetruck                                                  0.0000000
## Pedal cycle-Firetruck                                                    1.0000000
## Pedestrian-Firetruck                                                     1.0000000
## Pickup-Firetruck                                                         0.0000000
## Police-Firetruck                                                         1.0000000
## School bus-Firetruck                                                     0.0000000
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Firetruck                             1.0000000
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Firetruck                            1.0000000
## Sport utility-Firetruck                                                  0.0000000
## Taxicab-Firetruck                                                        1.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-Firetruck                                                1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Firetruck                                           1.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Firetruck                                  1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Firetruck                                                  1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Firetruck                                            1.0000000
## Van-Firetruck                                                            0.0005236
## Military-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                   1.0000000
## Moped-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                      0.2655457
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Light truck (mini-van, panel)            1.0000000
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                0.9999972
## Motorcycle-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                 0.0270446
## Other bus-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                  1.0000000
## Other*-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                     0.9060480
## Passenger car-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                              0.0000000
## Pedal cycle-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                0.2145297
## Pedestrian-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                 0.0062528
## Pickup-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                     0.0000000
## Police-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                     0.3467282
## School bus-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                 0.0000000
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Light truck (mini-van, panel)         0.9711993
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Light truck (mini-van, panel)        0.0381449
## Sport utility-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                              0.0000000
## Taxicab-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                    0.6072649
## Tractor/doubles-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                            1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                       0.0391075
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Light truck (mini-van, panel)              0.9996874
## Truck/trailer-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                              0.0715984
## Unknown heavy truck-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                        0.9329611
## Van-Light truck (mini-van, panel)                                        0.0000000
## Moped-Military                                                           1.0000000
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Military                                 1.0000000
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Military                                     1.0000000
## Motorcycle-Military                                                      1.0000000
## Other bus-Military                                                       1.0000000
## Other*-Military                                                          1.0000000
## Passenger car-Military                                                   0.0000000
## Pedal cycle-Military                                                     1.0000000
## Pedestrian-Military                                                      1.0000000
## Pickup-Military                                                          0.9999999
## Police-Military                                                          1.0000000
## School bus-Military                                                      1.0000000
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Military                              1.0000000
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Military                             1.0000000
## Sport utility-Military                                                   0.4560300
## Taxicab-Military                                                         1.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-Military                                                 1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Military                                            1.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Military                                   1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Military                                                   1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Military                                             1.0000000
## Van-Military                                                             1.0000000
## Motor home/recreational vehicle-Moped                                    1.0000000
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Moped                                        1.0000000
## Motorcycle-Moped                                                         1.0000000
## Other bus-Moped                                                          0.9999826
## Other*-Moped                                                             1.0000000
## Passenger car-Moped                                                      0.0000000
## Pedal cycle-Moped                                                        1.0000000
## Pedestrian-Moped                                                         1.0000000
## Pickup-Moped                                                             0.0000000
## Police-Moped                                                             1.0000000
## School bus-Moped                                                         0.0000000
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Moped                                 0.9828880
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Moped                                1.0000000
## Sport utility-Moped                                                      0.0000000
## Taxicab-Moped                                                            1.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-Moped                                                    1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Moped                                               1.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Moped                                      1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Moped                                                      1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Moped                                                1.0000000
## Van-Moped                                                                0.0000000
## Motor scooter or motor bike-Motor home/recreational vehicle              1.0000000
## Motorcycle-Motor home/recreational vehicle                               1.0000000
## Other bus-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                1.0000000
## Other*-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                   1.0000000
## Passenger car-Motor home/recreational vehicle                            0.0000000
## Pedal cycle-Motor home/recreational vehicle                              1.0000000
## Pedestrian-Motor home/recreational vehicle                               1.0000000
## Pickup-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                   0.0000003
## Police-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                   1.0000000
## School bus-Motor home/recreational vehicle                               0.0001548
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Motor home/recreational vehicle       1.0000000
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Motor home/recreational vehicle      1.0000000
## Sport utility-Motor home/recreational vehicle                            0.0000000
## Taxicab-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                  1.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-Motor home/recreational vehicle                          1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Motor home/recreational vehicle                     1.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Motor home/recreational vehicle            1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Motor home/recreational vehicle                            1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Motor home/recreational vehicle                      1.0000000
## Van-Motor home/recreational vehicle                                      0.0718734
## Motorcycle-Motor scooter or motor bike                                   1.0000000
## Other bus-Motor scooter or motor bike                                    1.0000000
## Other*-Motor scooter or motor bike                                       1.0000000
## Passenger car-Motor scooter or motor bike                                0.0000000
## Pedal cycle-Motor scooter or motor bike                                  1.0000000
## Pedestrian-Motor scooter or motor bike                                   1.0000000
## Pickup-Motor scooter or motor bike                                       0.0000000
## Police-Motor scooter or motor bike                                       1.0000000
## School bus-Motor scooter or motor bike                                   0.0000204
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Motor scooter or motor bike           1.0000000
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Motor scooter or motor bike          1.0000000
## Sport utility-Motor scooter or motor bike                                0.0000000
## Taxicab-Motor scooter or motor bike                                      1.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-Motor scooter or motor bike                              1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Motor scooter or motor bike                         1.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Motor scooter or motor bike                1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Motor scooter or motor bike                                1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Motor scooter or motor bike                          1.0000000
## Van-Motor scooter or motor bike                                          0.0204110
## Other bus-Motorcycle                                                     0.9999978
## Other*-Motorcycle                                                        1.0000000
## Passenger car-Motorcycle                                                 0.0000000
## Pedal cycle-Motorcycle                                                   1.0000000
## Pedestrian-Motorcycle                                                    1.0000000
## Pickup-Motorcycle                                                        0.0000000
## Police-Motorcycle                                                        1.0000000
## School bus-Motorcycle                                                    0.0000000
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Motorcycle                            0.9306021
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Motorcycle                           1.0000000
## Sport utility-Motorcycle                                                 0.0000000
## Taxicab-Motorcycle                                                       1.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-Motorcycle                                               1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Motorcycle                                          1.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Motorcycle                                 1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Motorcycle                                                 1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Motorcycle                                           1.0000000
## Van-Motorcycle                                                           0.0000000
## Other*-Other bus                                                         0.9999990
## Passenger car-Other bus                                                  0.0000000
## Pedal cycle-Other bus                                                    0.9999789
## Pedestrian-Other bus                                                     0.9999982
## Pickup-Other bus                                                         0.0000000
## Police-Other bus                                                         0.9999964
## School bus-Other bus                                                     0.0000000
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Other bus                             1.0000000
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Other bus                            0.9999986
## Sport utility-Other bus                                                  0.0000000
## Taxicab-Other bus                                                        0.9999997
## Tractor/doubles-Other bus                                                1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Other bus                                           0.9999993
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Other bus                                  1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Other bus                                                  1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Other bus                                            0.9999997
## Van-Other bus                                                            0.0000375
## Passenger car-Other*                                                     0.0000000
## Pedal cycle-Other*                                                       1.0000000
## Pedestrian-Other*                                                        1.0000000
## Pickup-Other*                                                            0.0000000
## Police-Other*                                                            1.0000000
## School bus-Other*                                                        0.0000000
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Other*                                0.9999314
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Other*                               1.0000000
## Sport utility-Other*                                                     0.0000000
## Taxicab-Other*                                                           1.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-Other*                                                   1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Other*                                              1.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Other*                                     1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Other*                                                     1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Other*                                               1.0000000
## Van-Other*                                                               0.0000000
## Pedal cycle-Passenger car                                                0.0000000
## Pedestrian-Passenger car                                                 0.0000000
## Pickup-Passenger car                                                     0.0000000
## Police-Passenger car                                                     0.0000000
## School bus-Passenger car                                                 0.0000000
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Passenger car                         0.0000000
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Passenger car                        0.0000000
## Sport utility-Passenger car                                              0.0000000
## Taxicab-Passenger car                                                    0.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-Passenger car                                            0.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Passenger car                                       0.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Passenger car                              0.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Passenger car                                              0.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Passenger car                                        0.0000000
## Van-Passenger car                                                        0.0000000
## Pedestrian-Pedal cycle                                                   1.0000000
## Pickup-Pedal cycle                                                       0.0000000
## Police-Pedal cycle                                                       1.0000000
## School bus-Pedal cycle                                                   0.0000000
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Pedal cycle                           0.9755266
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Pedal cycle                          1.0000000
## Sport utility-Pedal cycle                                                0.0000000
## Taxicab-Pedal cycle                                                      1.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-Pedal cycle                                              1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Pedal cycle                                         1.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Pedal cycle                                1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Pedal cycle                                                1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Pedal cycle                                          1.0000000
## Van-Pedal cycle                                                          0.0000000
## Pickup-Pedestrian                                                        0.0000000
## Police-Pedestrian                                                        1.0000000
## School bus-Pedestrian                                                    0.0000000
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Pedestrian                            0.8599939
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Pedestrian                           1.0000000
## Sport utility-Pedestrian                                                 0.0000000
## Taxicab-Pedestrian                                                       1.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-Pedestrian                                               1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Pedestrian                                          1.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Pedestrian                                 1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Pedestrian                                                 1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Pedestrian                                           1.0000000
## Van-Pedestrian                                                           0.0000000
## Police-Pickup                                                            0.0000000
## School bus-Pickup                                                        0.5503682
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Pickup                                0.0000000
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Pickup                               0.0000000
## Sport utility-Pickup                                                     0.0000000
## Taxicab-Pickup                                                           0.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-Pickup                                                   0.0171059
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Pickup                                              0.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Pickup                                     0.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Pickup                                                     0.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Pickup                                               0.0000000
## Van-Pickup                                                               0.0000000
## School bus-Police                                                        0.0000000
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-Police                                0.9941905
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Police                               1.0000000
## Sport utility-Police                                                     0.0000000
## Taxicab-Police                                                           1.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-Police                                                   1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Police                                              1.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Police                                     1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Police                                                     1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Police                                               1.0000000
## Van-Police                                                               0.0000000
## Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)-School bus                            0.0000000
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-School bus                           0.0000000
## Sport utility-School bus                                                 0.0000000
## Taxicab-School bus                                                       0.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-School bus                                               0.1351167
## Tractor/semi-trailer-School bus                                          0.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-School bus                                 0.0000000
## Truck/trailer-School bus                                                 0.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-School bus                                           0.0000000
## Van-School bus                                                           0.0001907
## Single unit truck (3 or more axles)-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)   0.9520585
## Sport utility-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                         0.0000000
## Taxicab-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                               0.9996196
## Tractor/doubles-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                       1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                  0.9636876
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)         1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                         0.9972744
## Unknown heavy truck-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                   0.9999759
## Van-Single unit truck (2-axle, 6-tire)                                   0.0000000
## Sport utility-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                        0.0000000
## Taxicab-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                              1.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                      1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                 1.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)        1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                        1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                  1.0000000
## Van-Single unit truck (3 or more axles)                                  0.0000000
## Taxicab-Sport utility                                                    0.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-Sport utility                                            0.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Sport utility                                       0.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Sport utility                              0.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Sport utility                                              0.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Sport utility                                        0.0000000
## Van-Sport utility                                                        0.0000000
## Tractor/doubles-Taxicab                                                  1.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Taxicab                                             1.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Taxicab                                    1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Taxicab                                                    1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Taxicab                                              1.0000000
## Van-Taxicab                                                              0.0000000
## Tractor/semi-trailer-Tractor/doubles                                     1.0000000
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Tractor/doubles                            1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Tractor/doubles                                            1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Tractor/doubles                                      1.0000000
## Van-Tractor/doubles                                                      0.8085333
## Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)-Tractor/semi-trailer                       1.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Tractor/semi-trailer                                       1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Tractor/semi-trailer                                 1.0000000
## Van-Tractor/semi-trailer                                                 0.0000000
## Truck/trailer-Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)                              1.0000000
## Unknown heavy truck-Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)                        1.0000000
## Van-Truck/tractor (i.e., bobtail)                                        0.0001985
## Unknown heavy truck-Truck/trailer                                        1.0000000
## Van-Truck/trailer                                                        0.0000000
## Van-Unknown heavy truck                                                  0.0000000

Is there a significant difference between the amount of crashes per each Weather Condition?

crashes_weather= crashes %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  filter(WeatherCondition1 != "Unknown", WeatherCondition1 != "NA") %>%
  group_by(Date, WeatherCondition1) %>%
  summarize(count = length(key_crash))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'Date'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
anova_weather = aov(count ~ WeatherCondition1, data = crashes_weather)
summary(anova_weather)
##                     Df   Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## WeatherCondition1    8 14170569 1771321   793.4 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals         5503 12286562    2233                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
TukeyHSD(anova_weather)
##   Tukey multiple comparisons of means
##     95% family-wise confidence level
## 
## Fit: aov(formula = count ~ WeatherCondition1, data = crashes_weather)
## 
## $WeatherCondition1
##                                                                      diff
## Clear-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                               125.26532649
## Cloudy-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                               22.59682357
## Fog, smog, smoke-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                      2.91333333
## Other*-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                               -1.06164384
## Rain-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                                 34.33333333
## Severe crosswinds-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                    -1.04166667
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Blowing sand, dirt, snow    9.88251366
## Snow-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                                 17.44736842
## Cloudy-Clear                                                -102.66850292
## Fog, smog, smoke-Clear                                      -122.35199316
## Other*-Clear                                                -126.32697033
## Rain-Clear                                                   -90.93199316
## Severe crosswinds-Clear                                     -126.30699316
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Clear                    -115.38281283
## Snow-Clear                                                  -107.81795807
## Fog, smog, smoke-Cloudy                                      -19.68349024
## Other*-Cloudy                                                -23.65846741
## Rain-Cloudy                                                   11.73650976
## Severe crosswinds-Cloudy                                     -23.63849024
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Cloudy                    -12.71430991
## Snow-Cloudy                                                   -5.14945515
## Other*-Fog, smog, smoke                                       -3.97497717
## Rain-Fog, smog, smoke                                         31.42000000
## Severe crosswinds-Fog, smog, smoke                            -3.95500000
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Fog, smog, smoke            6.96918033
## Snow-Fog, smog, smoke                                         14.53403509
## Rain-Other*                                                   35.39497717
## Severe crosswinds-Other*                                       0.01997717
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Other*                     10.94415750
## Snow-Other*                                                   18.50901226
## Severe crosswinds-Rain                                       -35.37500000
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Rain                      -24.45081967
## Snow-Rain                                                    -16.88596491
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Severe crosswinds          10.92418033
## Snow-Severe crosswinds                                        18.48903509
## Snow-Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle                        7.56485476
##                                                                     lwr
## Clear-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                                65.331171
## Cloudy-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                              -37.363571
## Fog, smog, smoke-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                    -59.292301
## Other*-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                              -61.733467
## Rain-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                                -25.702302
## Severe crosswinds-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                   -80.225563
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Blowing sand, dirt, snow  -52.849659
## Snow-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                                -45.481611
## Cloudy-Clear                                                -107.309136
## Fog, smog, smoke-Clear                                      -139.551629
## Other*-Clear                                                -136.688277
## Rain-Clear                                                   -96.460468
## Severe crosswinds-Clear                                     -178.233633
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Clear                    -134.398911
## Snow-Clear                                                  -127.473569
## Fog, smog, smoke-Cloudy                                      -36.974335
## Other*-Cloudy                                                -34.170486
## Rain-Cloudy                                                    5.930487
## Severe crosswinds-Cloudy                                     -75.595413
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Cloudy                    -31.812945
## Snow-Cloudy                                                  -24.884928
## Other*-Fog, smog, smoke                                      -23.591157
## Rain-Fog, smog, smoke                                         13.870017
## Severe crosswinds-Fog, smog, smoke                           -58.487686
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Fog, smog, smoke          -18.310255
## Snow-Fog, smog, smoke                                        -11.229911
## Rain-Other*                                                   24.461949
## Severe crosswinds-Other*                                     -52.756372
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Other*                    -10.282690
## Snow-Other*                                                   -3.292596
## Severe crosswinds-Rain                                       -87.418736
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Rain                      -43.784377
## Snow-Rain                                                    -36.848867
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Severe crosswinds         -44.208372
## Snow-Severe crosswinds                                       -36.867350
## Snow-Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle                      -19.445614
##                                                                     upr
## Clear-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                               185.199482
## Cloudy-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                               82.557218
## Fog, smog, smoke-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                     65.118967
## Other*-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                               59.610179
## Rain-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                                 94.368968
## Severe crosswinds-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                    78.142229
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Blowing sand, dirt, snow   72.614686
## Snow-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                                 80.376348
## Cloudy-Clear                                                 -98.027870
## Fog, smog, smoke-Clear                                      -105.152358
## Other*-Clear                                                -115.965664
## Rain-Clear                                                   -85.403518
## Severe crosswinds-Clear                                      -74.380353
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Clear                     -96.366714
## Snow-Clear                                                   -88.162347
## Fog, smog, smoke-Cloudy                                       -2.392645
## Other*-Cloudy                                                -13.146449
## Rain-Cloudy                                                   17.542533
## Severe crosswinds-Cloudy                                      28.318433
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Cloudy                      6.384325
## Snow-Cloudy                                                   14.586018
## Other*-Fog, smog, smoke                                       15.641203
## Rain-Fog, smog, smoke                                         48.969983
## Severe crosswinds-Fog, smog, smoke                            50.577686
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Fog, smog, smoke           32.248616
## Snow-Fog, smog, smoke                                         40.297981
## Rain-Other*                                                   46.328005
## Severe crosswinds-Other*                                      52.796326
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Other*                     32.171005
## Snow-Other*                                                   40.310620
## Severe crosswinds-Rain                                        16.668736
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Rain                       -5.117262
## Snow-Rain                                                      3.076937
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Severe crosswinds          66.056733
## Snow-Severe crosswinds                                        73.845421
## Snow-Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle                       34.575324
##                                                                 p adj
## Clear-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                              0.0000000
## Cloudy-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                             0.9628471
## Fog, smog, smoke-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                   1.0000000
## Other*-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                             1.0000000
## Rain-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                               0.6992078
## Severe crosswinds-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                  1.0000000
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Blowing sand, dirt, snow 0.9999171
## Snow-Blowing sand, dirt, snow                               0.9948626
## Cloudy-Clear                                                0.0000000
## Fog, smog, smoke-Clear                                      0.0000000
## Other*-Clear                                                0.0000000
## Rain-Clear                                                  0.0000000
## Severe crosswinds-Clear                                     0.0000000
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Clear                    0.0000000
## Snow-Clear                                                  0.0000000
## Fog, smog, smoke-Cloudy                                     0.0123827
## Other*-Cloudy                                               0.0000000
## Rain-Cloudy                                                 0.0000000
## Severe crosswinds-Cloudy                                    0.8936956
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Cloudy                   0.4971748
## Snow-Cloudy                                                 0.9966236
## Other*-Fog, smog, smoke                                     0.9994515
## Rain-Fog, smog, smoke                                       0.0000010
## Severe crosswinds-Fog, smog, smoke                          0.9999998
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Fog, smog, smoke         0.9950586
## Snow-Fog, smog, smoke                                       0.7148971
## Rain-Other*                                                 0.0000000
## Severe crosswinds-Other*                                    1.0000000
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Other*                   0.8052613
## Snow-Other*                                                 0.1725726
## Severe crosswinds-Rain                                      0.4670094
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Rain                     0.0028416
## Snow-Rain                                                   0.1764366
## Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle-Severe crosswinds        0.9995352
## Snow-Severe crosswinds                                      0.9823688
## Snow-Sleet, hail, freezing rain/drizzle                     0.9944949

Is there a significant difference between the amount of crashes per each traffic control type?

crashes_traffic= crashes %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  filter(TrafficControlType != "Unknown", TrafficControlType != "NA") %>%
  group_by(Date, TrafficControlType) %>%
  summarize(count = length(key_crash))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'Date'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
anova_traffic = aov(count ~ TrafficControlType, data = crashes_traffic)
summary(anova_traffic)
##                       Df   Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## TrafficControlType    16 17767479 1110467    2787 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals          10621  4231769     398                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
TukeyHSD(anova_traffic)
##   Tukey multiple comparisons of means
##     95% family-wise confidence level
## 
## Fit: aov(formula = count ~ TrafficControlType, data = crashes_traffic)
## 
## $TrafficControlType
##                                                                                 diff
## Double yellow line (no passing zone)-                                    -1.01063830
## Flashing signal with stop sign-                                          -0.69178082
## Flashing signal without stop sign-                                       -0.95299145
## Flashing stop and go signal-                                             -0.65217391
## Human control-                                                           -1.09821429
## NaN-                                                                     -0.39130435
## No control present-                                                     105.34316239
## Other*-                                                                  -0.44955752
## RR cross bucks only-                                                     -1.00000000
## RR flasher-                                                              -2.00000000
## RR gate and flasher-                                                     -1.70833333
## School zone signs-                                                       -2.20000000
## Stop and go signal-                                                      34.07408994
## Stop sign-                                                                8.47175640
## Warning sign-                                                            -2.01612903
## Yied sign-                                                               -0.92866083
## Flashing signal with stop sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)       0.31885748
## Flashing signal without stop sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)    0.05764684
## Flashing stop and go signal-Double yellow line (no passing zone)          0.35846438
## Human control-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                       -0.08757599
## NaN-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                                  0.61933395
## No control present-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                 106.35380069
## Other*-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                               0.56108078
## RR cross bucks only-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                  0.01063830
## RR flasher-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                          -0.98936170
## RR gate and flasher-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                 -0.69769504
## School zone signs-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                   -1.18936170
## Stop and go signal-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                  35.08472823
## Stop sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                            9.48239470
## Warning sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                        -1.00549073
## Yied sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                            0.08197747
## Flashing signal without stop sign-Flashing signal with stop sign         -0.26121063
## Flashing stop and go signal-Flashing signal with stop sign                0.03960691
## Human control-Flashing signal with stop sign                             -0.40643346
## NaN-Flashing signal with stop sign                                        0.30047647
## No control present-Flashing signal with stop sign                       106.03494322
## Other*-Flashing signal with stop sign                                     0.24222330
## RR cross bucks only-Flashing signal with stop sign                       -0.30821918
## RR flasher-Flashing signal with stop sign                                -1.30821918
## RR gate and flasher-Flashing signal with stop sign                       -1.01655251
## School zone signs-Flashing signal with stop sign                         -1.50821918
## Stop and go signal-Flashing signal with stop sign                        34.76587076
## Stop sign-Flashing signal with stop sign                                  9.16353722
## Warning sign-Flashing signal with stop sign                              -1.32434821
## Yied sign-Flashing signal with stop sign                                 -0.23688000
## Flashing stop and go signal-Flashing signal without stop sign             0.30081754
## Human control-Flashing signal without stop sign                          -0.14522283
## NaN-Flashing signal without stop sign                                     0.56168711
## No control present-Flashing signal without stop sign                    106.29615385
## Other*-Flashing signal without stop sign                                  0.50343393
## RR cross bucks only-Flashing signal without stop sign                    -0.04700855
## RR flasher-Flashing signal without stop sign                             -1.04700855
## RR gate and flasher-Flashing signal without stop sign                    -0.75534188
## School zone signs-Flashing signal without stop sign                      -1.24700855
## Stop and go signal-Flashing signal without stop sign                     35.02708139
## Stop sign-Flashing signal without stop sign                               9.42474785
## Warning sign-Flashing signal without stop sign                           -1.06313758
## Yied sign-Flashing signal without stop sign                               0.02433063
## Human control-Flashing stop and go signal                                -0.44604037
## NaN-Flashing stop and go signal                                           0.26086957
## No control present-Flashing stop and go signal                          105.99533631
## Other*-Flashing stop and go signal                                        0.20261639
## RR cross bucks only-Flashing stop and go signal                          -0.34782609
## RR flasher-Flashing stop and go signal                                   -1.34782609
## RR gate and flasher-Flashing stop and go signal                          -1.05615942
## School zone signs-Flashing stop and go signal                            -1.54782609
## Stop and go signal-Flashing stop and go signal                           34.72626385
## Stop sign-Flashing stop and go signal                                     9.12393031
## Warning sign-Flashing stop and go signal                                 -1.36395512
## Yied sign-Flashing stop and go signal                                    -0.27648691
## NaN-Human control                                                         0.70690994
## No control present-Human control                                        106.44137668
## Other*-Human control                                                      0.64865676
## RR cross bucks only-Human control                                         0.09821429
## RR flasher-Human control                                                 -0.90178571
## RR gate and flasher-Human control                                        -0.61011905
## School zone signs-Human control                                          -1.10178571
## Stop and go signal-Human control                                         35.17230422
## Stop sign-Human control                                                   9.56997068
## Warning sign-Human control                                               -0.91791475
## Yied sign-Human control                                                   0.16955346
## No control present-NaN                                                  105.73446674
## Other*-NaN                                                               -0.05825317
## RR cross bucks only-NaN                                                  -0.60869565
## RR flasher-NaN                                                           -1.60869565
## RR gate and flasher-NaN                                                  -1.31702899
## School zone signs-NaN                                                    -1.80869565
## Stop and go signal-NaN                                                   34.46539428
## Stop sign-NaN                                                             8.86306075
## Warning sign-NaN                                                         -1.62482468
## Yied sign-NaN                                                            -0.53735648
## Other*-No control present                                              -105.79271992
## RR cross bucks only-No control present                                 -106.34316239
## RR flasher-No control present                                          -107.34316239
## RR gate and flasher-No control present                                 -107.05149573
## School zone signs-No control present                                   -107.54316239
## Stop and go signal-No control present                                   -71.26907246
## Stop sign-No control present                                            -96.87140599
## Warning sign-No control present                                        -107.35929143
## Yied sign-No control present                                           -106.27182322
## RR cross bucks only-Other*                                               -0.55044248
## RR flasher-Other*                                                        -1.55044248
## RR gate and flasher-Other*                                               -1.25877581
## School zone signs-Other*                                                 -1.75044248
## Stop and go signal-Other*                                                34.52364746
## Stop sign-Other*                                                          8.92131392
## Warning sign-Other*                                                      -1.56657151
## Yied sign-Other*                                                         -0.47910330
## RR flasher-RR cross bucks only                                           -1.00000000
## RR gate and flasher-RR cross bucks only                                  -0.70833333
## School zone signs-RR cross bucks only                                    -1.20000000
## Stop and go signal-RR cross bucks only                                   35.07408994
## Stop sign-RR cross bucks only                                             9.47175640
## Warning sign-RR cross bucks only                                         -1.01612903
## Yied sign-RR cross bucks only                                             0.07133917
## RR gate and flasher-RR flasher                                            0.29166667
## School zone signs-RR flasher                                             -0.20000000
## Stop and go signal-RR flasher                                            36.07408994
## Stop sign-RR flasher                                                     10.47175640
## Warning sign-RR flasher                                                  -0.01612903
## Yied sign-RR flasher                                                      1.07133917
## School zone signs-RR gate and flasher                                    -0.49166667
## Stop and go signal-RR gate and flasher                                   35.78242327
## Stop sign-RR gate and flasher                                            10.18008973
## Warning sign-RR gate and flasher                                         -0.30779570
## Yied sign-RR gate and flasher                                             0.77967251
## Stop and go signal-School zone signs                                     36.27408994
## Stop sign-School zone signs                                              10.67175640
## Warning sign-School zone signs                                            0.18387097
## Yied sign-School zone signs                                               1.27133917
## Stop sign-Stop and go signal                                            -25.60233354
## Warning sign-Stop and go signal                                         -36.09021897
## Yied sign-Stop and go signal                                            -35.00275076
## Warning sign-Stop sign                                                  -10.48788543
## Yied sign-Stop sign                                                      -9.40041722
## Yied sign-Warning sign                                                    1.08746821
##                                                                                lwr
## Double yellow line (no passing zone)-                                    -5.567841
## Flashing signal with stop sign-                                          -6.734752
## Flashing signal without stop sign-                                       -5.876028
## Flashing stop and go signal-                                            -11.020909
## Human control-                                                           -7.912258
## NaN-                                                                     -5.847782
## No control present-                                                     102.914539
## Other*-                                                                  -3.956609
## RR cross bucks only-                                                    -70.077936
## RR flasher-                                                             -50.865233
## RR gate and flasher-                                                    -15.939397
## School zone signs-                                                      -33.142540
## Stop and go signal-                                                      31.644568
## Stop sign-                                                                6.029472
## Warning sign-                                                           -11.002912
## Yied sign-                                                               -4.063622
## Flashing signal with stop sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)      -6.721334
## Flashing signal without stop sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)   -6.048341
## Flashing stop and go signal-Double yellow line (no passing zone)        -10.621402
## Human control-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                       -7.799774
## NaN-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                                 -5.924362
## No control present-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                 102.001214
## Other*-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                              -4.473421
## RR cross bucks only-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                -69.161669
## RR flasher-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                         -49.987910
## RR gate and flasher-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                -15.379997
## School zone signs-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                  -32.342011
## Stop and go signal-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                  30.731640
## Stop sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                            5.122171
## Warning sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                       -10.690999
## Yied sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                           -4.700782
## Flashing signal without stop sign-Flashing signal with stop sign         -7.543552
## Flashing stop and go signal-Flashing signal with stop sign              -11.635446
## Human control-Flashing signal with stop sign                             -9.079806
## NaN-Flashing signal with stop sign                                       -7.352585
## No control present-Flashing signal with stop sign                       100.144746
## Other*-Flashing signal with stop sign                                    -6.168363
## RR cross bucks only-Flashing signal with stop sign                      -69.594275
## RR flasher-Flashing signal with stop sign                               -50.467218
## RR gate and flasher-Flashing signal with stop sign                      -16.225740
## School zone signs-Flashing signal with stop sign                        -32.912629
## Stop and go signal-Flashing signal with stop sign                        28.875304
## Stop sign-Flashing signal with stop sign                                  3.267695
## Warning sign-Flashing signal with stop sign                             -11.791367
## Yied sign-Flashing signal with stop sign                                 -6.451716
## Flashing stop and go signal-Flashing signal without stop sign           -10.835863
## Human control-Flashing signal without stop sign                          -8.079086
## NaN-Flashing signal without stop sign                                    -6.241852
## No control present-Flashing signal without stop sign                    101.561895
## Other*-Flashing signal without stop sign                                 -4.864471
## RR cross bucks only-Flashing signal without stop sign                   -69.244381
## RR flasher-Flashing signal without stop sign                            -50.080935
## RR gate and flasher-Flashing signal without stop sign                   -15.555280
## School zone signs-Flashing signal without stop sign                     -32.455273
## Stop and go signal-Flashing signal without stop sign                     30.292362
## Stop sign-Flashing signal without stop sign                               4.683467
## Warning sign-Flashing signal without stop sign                          -10.926061
## Yied sign-Flashing signal without stop sign                              -5.108211
## Human control-Flashing stop and go signal                               -12.538210
## NaN-Flashing stop and go signal                                         -11.121684
## No control present-Flashing stop and go signal                           95.714890
## Other*-Flashing stop and go signal                                      -10.384582
## RR cross bucks only-Flashing stop and go signal                         -70.144321
## RR flasher-Flashing stop and go signal                                  -51.223675
## RR gate and flasher-Flashing stop and go signal                         -18.443297
## School zone signs-Flashing stop and go signal                           -34.062902
## Stop and go signal-Flashing stop and go signal                           24.445605
## Stop sign-Flashing stop and go signal                                    -1.159752
## Warning sign-Flashing stop and go signal                                -14.800906
## Yied sign-Flashing stop and go signal                                   -10.746317
## NaN-Human control                                                        -7.568538
## No control present-Human control                                         99.762447
## Other*-Human control                                                     -6.493423
## RR cross bucks only-Human control                                       -69.259346
## RR flasher-Human control                                                -50.161514
## RR gate and flasher-Human control                                       -16.141799
## School zone signs-Human control                                         -32.663640
## Stop and go signal-Human control                                         28.493048
## Stop sign-Human control                                                   2.886061
## Warning sign-Human control                                              -11.848247
## Yied sign-Human control                                                  -6.797360
## No control present-NaN                                                  100.447684
## Other*-NaN                                                               -5.919248
## RR cross bucks only-NaN                                                 -69.846064
## RR flasher-NaN                                                          -50.699049
## RR gate and flasher-NaN                                                 -16.302857
## School zone signs-NaN                                                   -33.105543
## Stop and go signal-NaN                                                   29.178199
## Stop sign-NaN                                                             3.569989
## Warning sign-NaN                                                        -11.764555
## Yied sign-NaN                                                            -6.183580
## Other*-No control present                                              -109.029435
## RR cross bucks only-No control present                                 -175.407902
## RR flasher-No control present                                          -156.189737
## RR gate and flasher-No control present                                 -121.218362
## School zone signs-No control present                                   -138.456229
## Stop and go signal-No control present                                   -73.288848
## Stop sign-No control present                                            -98.906515
## Warning sign-No control present                                        -116.244064
## Yied sign-No control present                                           -109.101116
## RR cross bucks only-Other*                                              -69.661508
## RR flasher-Other*                                                       -50.462497
## RR gate and flasher-Other*                                              -15.649790
## School zone signs-Other*                                                -32.766872
## Stop and go signal-Other*                                                31.286258
## Stop sign-Other*                                                          5.674336
## Warning sign-Other*                                                     -10.804558
## Yied sign-Other*                                                         -4.274640
## RR flasher-RR cross bucks only                                          -85.568617
## RR gate and flasher-RR cross bucks only                                 -71.182181
## School zone signs-RR cross bucks only                                   -76.840471
## Stop and go signal-RR cross bucks only                                  -33.990681
## Stop sign-RR cross bucks only                                           -59.593465
## Warning sign-RR cross bucks only                                        -70.620743
## Yied sign-RR cross bucks only                                           -69.021844
## RR gate and flasher-RR flasher                                          -50.527747
## School zone signs-RR flasher                                            -57.971364
## Stop and go signal-RR flasher                                           -12.772530
## Stop sign-RR flasher                                                    -38.375500
## Warning sign-RR flasher                                                 -49.623104
## Yied sign-RR flasher                                                    -47.815445
## School zone signs-RR gate and flasher                                   -34.436367
## Stop and go signal-RR gate and flasher                                   21.615403
## Stop sign-RR gate and flasher                                            -3.989124
## Warning sign-RR gate and flasher                                        -16.907921
## Yied sign-RR gate and flasher                                           -13.525217
## Stop and go signal-School zone signs                                      5.360953
## Stop sign-School zone signs                                             -20.242387
## Warning sign-School zone signs                                          -31.917247
## Yied sign-School zone signs                                             -29.705224
## Stop sign-Stop and go signal                                            -27.638514
## Warning sign-Stop and go signal                                         -44.975237
## Yied sign-Stop and go signal                                            -37.832815
## Warning sign-Stop sign                                                  -19.376402
## Yied sign-Stop sign                                                     -12.241445
## Yied sign-Warning sign                                                   -8.015771
##                                                                                upr
## Double yellow line (no passing zone)-                                     3.546565
## Flashing signal with stop sign-                                           5.351190
## Flashing signal without stop sign-                                        3.970045
## Flashing stop and go signal-                                              9.716561
## Human control-                                                            5.715829
## NaN-                                                                      5.065174
## No control present-                                                     107.771786
## Other*-                                                                   3.057494
## RR cross bucks only-                                                     68.077936
## RR flasher-                                                              46.865233
## RR gate and flasher-                                                     12.522730
## School zone signs-                                                       28.742540
## Stop and go signal-                                                      36.503612
## Stop sign-                                                               10.914041
## Warning sign-                                                             6.970654
## Yied sign-                                                                2.206301
## Flashing signal with stop sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)       7.359049
## Flashing signal without stop sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)    6.163635
## Flashing stop and go signal-Double yellow line (no passing zone)         11.338331
## Human control-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                        7.624622
## NaN-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                                  7.163030
## No control present-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                 110.706388
## Other*-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                               5.595583
## RR cross bucks only-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                 69.182946
## RR flasher-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                          48.009187
## RR gate and flasher-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                 13.984606
## School zone signs-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                   29.963288
## Stop and go signal-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                  39.437816
## Stop sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                           13.842619
## Warning sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                         8.680018
## Yied sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                            4.864737
## Flashing signal without stop sign-Flashing signal with stop sign          7.021131
## Flashing stop and go signal-Flashing signal with stop sign               11.714660
## Human control-Flashing signal with stop sign                              8.266939
## NaN-Flashing signal with stop sign                                        7.953538
## No control present-Flashing signal with stop sign                       111.925140
## Other*-Flashing signal with stop sign                                     6.652810
## RR cross bucks only-Flashing signal with stop sign                       68.977836
## RR flasher-Flashing signal with stop sign                                47.850780
## RR gate and flasher-Flashing signal with stop sign                       14.192635
## School zone signs-Flashing signal with stop sign                         29.896191
## Stop and go signal-Flashing signal with stop sign                        40.656438
## Stop sign-Flashing signal with stop sign                                 15.059380
## Warning sign-Flashing signal with stop sign                               9.142670
## Yied sign-Flashing signal with stop sign                                  5.977956
## Flashing stop and go signal-Flashing signal without stop sign            11.437498
## Human control-Flashing signal without stop sign                           7.788640
## NaN-Flashing signal without stop sign                                     7.365226
## No control present-Flashing signal without stop sign                    111.030413
## Other*-Flashing signal without stop sign                                  5.871339
## RR cross bucks only-Flashing signal without stop sign                    69.150364
## RR flasher-Flashing signal without stop sign                             47.986918
## RR gate and flasher-Flashing signal without stop sign                    14.044596
## School zone signs-Flashing signal without stop sign                      29.961256
## Stop and go signal-Flashing signal without stop sign                     39.761801
## Stop sign-Flashing signal without stop sign                              14.166029
## Warning sign-Flashing signal without stop sign                            8.799786
## Yied sign-Flashing signal without stop sign                               5.156872
## Human control-Flashing stop and go signal                                11.646129
## NaN-Flashing stop and go signal                                          11.643423
## No control present-Flashing stop and go signal                          116.275783
## Other*-Flashing stop and go signal                                       10.789815
## RR cross bucks only-Flashing stop and go signal                          69.448669
## RR flasher-Flashing stop and go signal                                   48.528023
## RR gate and flasher-Flashing stop and go signal                          16.330978
## School zone signs-Flashing stop and go signal                            30.967250
## Stop and go signal-Flashing stop and go signal                           45.006922
## Stop sign-Flashing stop and go signal                                    19.407612
## Warning sign-Flashing stop and go signal                                 12.072995
## Yied sign-Flashing stop and go signal                                    10.193344
## NaN-Human control                                                         8.982358
## No control present-Human control                                        113.120307
## Other*-Human control                                                      7.790737
## RR cross bucks only-Human control                                        69.455775
## RR flasher-Human control                                                 48.357943
## RR gate and flasher-Human control                                        14.921560
## School zone signs-Human control                                          30.460069
## Stop and go signal-Human control                                         41.851561
## Stop sign-Human control                                                  16.253880
## Warning sign-Human control                                               10.012418
## Yied sign-Human control                                                   7.136466
## No control present-NaN                                                  111.021249
## Other*-NaN                                                                5.802742
## RR cross bucks only-NaN                                                  68.628673
## RR flasher-NaN                                                           47.481658
## RR gate and flasher-NaN                                                  13.668799
## School zone signs-NaN                                                    29.488151
## Stop and go signal-NaN                                                   39.752589
## Stop sign-NaN                                                            14.156132
## Warning sign-NaN                                                          8.514905
## Yied sign-NaN                                                             5.108867
## Other*-No control present                                              -102.556005
## RR cross bucks only-No control present                                  -37.278423
## RR flasher-No control present                                           -58.496587
## RR gate and flasher-No control present                                  -92.884630
## School zone signs-No control present                                    -76.630096
## Stop and go signal-No control present                                   -69.249297
## Stop sign-No control present                                            -94.836297
## Warning sign-No control present                                         -98.474519
## Yied sign-No control present                                           -103.442530
## RR cross bucks only-Other*                                               68.560623
## RR flasher-Other*                                                        47.361612
## RR gate and flasher-Other*                                               13.132238
## School zone signs-Other*                                                 29.265987
## Stop and go signal-Other*                                                37.761037
## Stop sign-Other*                                                         12.168292
## Warning sign-Other*                                                       7.671415
## Yied sign-Other*                                                          3.316433
## RR flasher-RR cross bucks only                                           83.568617
## RR gate and flasher-RR cross bucks only                                  69.765514
## School zone signs-RR cross bucks only                                    74.440471
## Stop and go signal-RR cross bucks only                                  104.138861
## Stop sign-RR cross bucks only                                            78.536977
## Warning sign-RR cross bucks only                                         68.588485
## Yied sign-RR cross bucks only                                            69.164523
## RR gate and flasher-RR flasher                                           51.111081
## School zone signs-RR flasher                                             57.571364
## Stop and go signal-RR flasher                                            84.920710
## Stop sign-RR flasher                                                     59.319013
## Warning sign-RR flasher                                                  49.590846
## Yied sign-RR flasher                                                     49.958123
## School zone signs-RR gate and flasher                                    33.453033
## Stop and go signal-RR gate and flasher                                   49.949443
## Stop sign-RR gate and flasher                                            24.349304
## Warning sign-RR gate and flasher                                         16.292329
## Yied sign-RR gate and flasher                                            15.084562
## Stop and go signal-School zone signs                                     67.187227
## Stop sign-School zone signs                                              41.585899
## Warning sign-School zone signs                                           32.284989
## Yied sign-School zone signs                                              32.247902
## Stop sign-Stop and go signal                                            -23.566153
## Warning sign-Stop and go signal                                         -27.205201
## Yied sign-Stop and go signal                                            -32.172687
## Warning sign-Stop sign                                                   -1.599369
## Yied sign-Stop sign                                                      -6.559389
## Yied sign-Warning sign                                                   10.190707
##                                                                            p adj
## Double yellow line (no passing zone)-                                  0.9999973
## Flashing signal with stop sign-                                        1.0000000
## Flashing signal without stop sign-                                     0.9999996
## Flashing stop and go signal-                                           1.0000000
## Human control-                                                         1.0000000
## NaN-                                                                   1.0000000
## No control present-                                                    0.0000000
## Other*-                                                                1.0000000
## RR cross bucks only-                                                   1.0000000
## RR flasher-                                                            1.0000000
## RR gate and flasher-                                                   1.0000000
## School zone signs-                                                     1.0000000
## Stop and go signal-                                                    0.0000000
## Stop sign-                                                             0.0000000
## Warning sign-                                                          0.9999969
## Yied sign-                                                             0.9998581
## Flashing signal with stop sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)    1.0000000
## Flashing signal without stop sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone) 1.0000000
## Flashing stop and go signal-Double yellow line (no passing zone)       1.0000000
## Human control-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                     1.0000000
## NaN-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                               1.0000000
## No control present-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                0.0000000
## Other*-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                            1.0000000
## RR cross bucks only-Double yellow line (no passing zone)               1.0000000
## RR flasher-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                        1.0000000
## RR gate and flasher-Double yellow line (no passing zone)               1.0000000
## School zone signs-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                 1.0000000
## Stop and go signal-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                0.0000000
## Stop sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                         0.0000000
## Warning sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                      1.0000000
## Yied sign-Double yellow line (no passing zone)                         1.0000000
## Flashing signal without stop sign-Flashing signal with stop sign       1.0000000
## Flashing stop and go signal-Flashing signal with stop sign             1.0000000
## Human control-Flashing signal with stop sign                           1.0000000
## NaN-Flashing signal with stop sign                                     1.0000000
## No control present-Flashing signal with stop sign                      0.0000000
## Other*-Flashing signal with stop sign                                  1.0000000
## RR cross bucks only-Flashing signal with stop sign                     1.0000000
## RR flasher-Flashing signal with stop sign                              1.0000000
## RR gate and flasher-Flashing signal with stop sign                     1.0000000
## School zone signs-Flashing signal with stop sign                       1.0000000
## Stop and go signal-Flashing signal with stop sign                      0.0000000
## Stop sign-Flashing signal with stop sign                               0.0000103
## Warning sign-Flashing signal with stop sign                            1.0000000
## Yied sign-Flashing signal with stop sign                               1.0000000
## Flashing stop and go signal-Flashing signal without stop sign          1.0000000
## Human control-Flashing signal without stop sign                        1.0000000
## NaN-Flashing signal without stop sign                                  1.0000000
## No control present-Flashing signal without stop sign                   0.0000000
## Other*-Flashing signal without stop sign                               1.0000000
## RR cross bucks only-Flashing signal without stop sign                  1.0000000
## RR flasher-Flashing signal without stop sign                           1.0000000
## RR gate and flasher-Flashing signal without stop sign                  1.0000000
## School zone signs-Flashing signal without stop sign                    1.0000000
## Stop and go signal-Flashing signal without stop sign                   0.0000000
## Stop sign-Flashing signal without stop sign                            0.0000000
## Warning sign-Flashing signal without stop sign                         1.0000000
## Yied sign-Flashing signal without stop sign                            1.0000000
## Human control-Flashing stop and go signal                              1.0000000
## NaN-Flashing stop and go signal                                        1.0000000
## No control present-Flashing stop and go signal                         0.0000000
## Other*-Flashing stop and go signal                                     1.0000000
## RR cross bucks only-Flashing stop and go signal                        1.0000000
## RR flasher-Flashing stop and go signal                                 1.0000000
## RR gate and flasher-Flashing stop and go signal                        1.0000000
## School zone signs-Flashing stop and go signal                          1.0000000
## Stop and go signal-Flashing stop and go signal                         0.0000000
## Stop sign-Flashing stop and go signal                                  0.1548942
## Warning sign-Flashing stop and go signal                               1.0000000
## Yied sign-Flashing stop and go signal                                  1.0000000
## NaN-Human control                                                      1.0000000
## No control present-Human control                                       0.0000000
## Other*-Human control                                                   1.0000000
## RR cross bucks only-Human control                                      1.0000000
## RR flasher-Human control                                               1.0000000
## RR gate and flasher-Human control                                      1.0000000
## School zone signs-Human control                                        1.0000000
## Stop and go signal-Human control                                       0.0000000
## Stop sign-Human control                                                0.0000968
## Warning sign-Human control                                             1.0000000
## Yied sign-Human control                                                1.0000000
## No control present-NaN                                                 0.0000000
## Other*-NaN                                                             1.0000000
## RR cross bucks only-NaN                                                1.0000000
## RR flasher-NaN                                                         1.0000000
## RR gate and flasher-NaN                                                1.0000000
## School zone signs-NaN                                                  1.0000000
## Stop and go signal-NaN                                                 0.0000000
## Stop sign-NaN                                                          0.0000010
## Warning sign-NaN                                                       1.0000000
## Yied sign-NaN                                                          1.0000000
## Other*-No control present                                              0.0000000
## RR cross bucks only-No control present                                 0.0000136
## RR flasher-No control present                                          0.0000000
## RR gate and flasher-No control present                                 0.0000000
## School zone signs-No control present                                   0.0000000
## Stop and go signal-No control present                                  0.0000000
## Stop sign-No control present                                           0.0000000
## Warning sign-No control present                                        0.0000000
## Yied sign-No control present                                           0.0000000
## RR cross bucks only-Other*                                             1.0000000
## RR flasher-Other*                                                      1.0000000
## RR gate and flasher-Other*                                             1.0000000
## School zone signs-Other*                                               1.0000000
## Stop and go signal-Other*                                              0.0000000
## Stop sign-Other*                                                       0.0000000
## Warning sign-Other*                                                    0.9999999
## Yied sign-Other*                                                       1.0000000
## RR flasher-RR cross bucks only                                         1.0000000
## RR gate and flasher-RR cross bucks only                                1.0000000
## School zone signs-RR cross bucks only                                  1.0000000
## Stop and go signal-RR cross bucks only                                 0.9444219
## Stop sign-RR cross bucks only                                          1.0000000
## Warning sign-RR cross bucks only                                       1.0000000
## Yied sign-RR cross bucks only                                          1.0000000
## RR gate and flasher-RR flasher                                         1.0000000
## School zone signs-RR flasher                                           1.0000000
## Stop and go signal-RR flasher                                          0.4600136
## Stop sign-RR flasher                                                   0.9999984
## Warning sign-RR flasher                                                1.0000000
## Yied sign-RR flasher                                                   1.0000000
## School zone signs-RR gate and flasher                                  1.0000000
## Stop and go signal-RR gate and flasher                                 0.0000000
## Stop sign-RR gate and flasher                                          0.5127816
## Warning sign-RR gate and flasher                                       1.0000000
## Yied sign-RR gate and flasher                                          1.0000000
## Stop and go signal-School zone signs                                   0.0056752
## Stop sign-School zone signs                                            0.9990217
## Warning sign-School zone signs                                         1.0000000
## Yied sign-School zone signs                                            1.0000000
## Stop sign-Stop and go signal                                           0.0000000
## Warning sign-Stop and go signal                                        0.0000000
## Yied sign-Stop and go signal                                           0.0000000
## Warning sign-Stop sign                                                 0.0051811
## Yied sign-Stop sign                                                    0.0000000
## Yied sign-Warning sign                                                 1.0000000

Is there a significant difference between the amount of crashes per each road feature?

crashes_roadfeat = crashes %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  filter(RoadFeature != "Unknown", RoadFeature != "NA", RoadFeature != "NaN") %>%
  group_by(Date, RoadFeature) %>%
  summarize(count = length(key_crash))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'Date'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
anova_roadfeat = aov(count ~ RoadFeature, data = crashes_roadfeat)
summary(anova_roadfeat)
##                Df   Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## RoadFeature    25 25550604 1022024    4173 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals   17780  4354717     245                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
TukeyHSD(anova_roadfeat)
##   Tukey multiple comparisons of means
##     95% family-wise confidence level
## 
## Fit: aov(formula = count ~ RoadFeature, data = crashes_roadfeat)
## 
## $RoadFeature
##                                                                              diff
## Alley intersection-                                                 -1.657124e-01
## Bridge-                                                              8.847240e-01
## Bridge approach-                                                    -3.477171e-01
## Driveway, private-                                                   4.437271e-01
## Driveway, public-                                                    7.974783e+00
## End or beginning-divided highway-                                   -7.335004e-01
## Five point, or more-                                                -9.813266e-02
## Four-way intersection-                                               1.409805e+01
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-                                 -1.026760e-01
## No Special Feature-                                                  1.154383e+02
## Non-intersection median crossing-                                    1.966256e-01
## Off-ramp entry-                                                      3.482456e-01
## Off-ramp proper-                                                     3.913767e-01
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-                                      3.305382e-01
## On-ramp entry-                                                       2.941948e-02
## On-ramp proper-                                                     -3.173388e-01
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-                                      -3.042389e-01
## Other-                                                               4.312850e-02
## Railroad crossing-                                                  -4.946115e-01
## Related to intersection-                                             1.143243e+00
## Shared-use paths or trails-                                         -7.612782e-01
## T-intersection-                                                      5.588992e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-                                          -3.238568e-01
## Underpass-                                                          -1.643607e-01
## Y-intersection-                                                     -1.331687e-01
## Bridge-Alley intersection                                            1.050436e+00
## Bridge approach-Alley intersection                                  -1.820047e-01
## Driveway, private-Alley intersection                                 6.094396e-01
## Driveway, public-Alley intersection                                  8.140496e+00
## End or beginning-divided highway-Alley intersection                 -5.677880e-01
## Five point, or more-Alley intersection                               6.757979e-02
## Four-way intersection-Alley intersection                             1.426376e+01
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Alley intersection                6.303640e-02
## No Special Feature-Alley intersection                                1.156040e+02
## Non-intersection median crossing-Alley intersection                  3.623380e-01
## Off-ramp entry-Alley intersection                                    5.139581e-01
## Off-ramp proper-Alley intersection                                   5.570891e-01
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Alley intersection                    4.962506e-01
## On-ramp entry-Alley intersection                                     1.951319e-01
## On-ramp proper-Alley intersection                                   -1.516264e-01
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Alley intersection                    -1.385264e-01
## Other-Alley intersection                                             2.088409e-01
## Railroad crossing-Alley intersection                                -3.288991e-01
## Related to intersection-Alley intersection                           1.308955e+00
## Shared-use paths or trails-Alley intersection                       -5.955657e-01
## T-intersection-Alley intersection                                    5.754704e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Alley intersection                        -1.581444e-01
## Underpass-Alley intersection                                         1.351701e-03
## Y-intersection-Alley intersection                                    3.254370e-02
## Bridge approach-Bridge                                              -1.232441e+00
## Driveway, private-Bridge                                            -4.409968e-01
## Driveway, public-Bridge                                              7.090060e+00
## End or beginning-divided highway-Bridge                             -1.618224e+00
## Five point, or more-Bridge                                          -9.828566e-01
## Four-way intersection-Bridge                                         1.321332e+01
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Bridge                           -9.874000e-01
## No Special Feature-Bridge                                            1.145536e+02
## Non-intersection median crossing-Bridge                             -6.880984e-01
## Off-ramp entry-Bridge                                               -5.364784e-01
## Off-ramp proper-Bridge                                              -4.933473e-01
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Bridge                               -5.541858e-01
## On-ramp entry-Bridge                                                -8.553045e-01
## On-ramp proper-Bridge                                               -1.202063e+00
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Bridge                                -1.188963e+00
## Other-Bridge                                                        -8.415955e-01
## Railroad crossing-Bridge                                            -1.379335e+00
## Related to intersection-Bridge                                       2.585188e-01
## Shared-use paths or trails-Bridge                                   -1.646002e+00
## T-intersection-Bridge                                                4.704268e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Bridge                                    -1.208581e+00
## Underpass-Bridge                                                    -1.049085e+00
## Y-intersection-Bridge                                               -1.017893e+00
## Driveway, private-Bridge approach                                    7.914442e-01
## Driveway, public-Bridge approach                                     8.322501e+00
## End or beginning-divided highway-Bridge approach                    -3.857833e-01
## Five point, or more-Bridge approach                                  2.495845e-01
## Four-way intersection-Bridge approach                                1.444576e+01
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Bridge approach                   2.450411e-01
## No Special Feature-Bridge approach                                   1.157860e+02
## Non-intersection median crossing-Bridge approach                     5.443427e-01
## Off-ramp entry-Bridge approach                                       6.959627e-01
## Off-ramp proper-Bridge approach                                      7.390938e-01
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Bridge approach                       6.782553e-01
## On-ramp entry-Bridge approach                                        3.771366e-01
## On-ramp proper-Bridge approach                                       3.037832e-02
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Bridge approach                        4.347826e-02
## Other-Bridge approach                                                3.908456e-01
## Railroad crossing-Bridge approach                                   -1.468944e-01
## Related to intersection-Bridge approach                              1.490960e+00
## Shared-use paths or trails-Bridge approach                          -4.135611e-01
## T-intersection-Bridge approach                                       5.936709e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Bridge approach                            2.386031e-02
## Underpass-Bridge approach                                            1.833564e-01
## Y-intersection-Bridge approach                                       2.145484e-01
## Driveway, public-Driveway, private                                   7.531056e+00
## End or beginning-divided highway-Driveway, private                  -1.177228e+00
## Five point, or more-Driveway, private                               -5.418598e-01
## Four-way intersection-Driveway, private                              1.365432e+01
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Driveway, private                -5.464032e-01
## No Special Feature-Driveway, private                                 1.149946e+02
## Non-intersection median crossing-Driveway, private                  -2.471015e-01
## Off-ramp entry-Driveway, private                                    -9.548152e-02
## Off-ramp proper-Driveway, private                                   -5.235046e-02
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Driveway, private                    -1.131890e-01
## On-ramp entry-Driveway, private                                     -4.143077e-01
## On-ramp proper-Driveway, private                                    -7.610659e-01
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Driveway, private                     -7.479660e-01
## Other-Driveway, private                                             -4.005986e-01
## Railroad crossing-Driveway, private                                 -9.383387e-01
## Related to intersection-Driveway, private                            6.995156e-01
## Shared-use paths or trails-Driveway, private                        -1.205005e+00
## T-intersection-Driveway, private                                     5.145264e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Driveway, private                         -7.675839e-01
## Underpass-Driveway, private                                         -6.080879e-01
## Y-intersection-Driveway, private                                    -5.768959e-01
## End or beginning-divided highway-Driveway, public                   -8.708284e+00
## Five point, or more-Driveway, public                                -8.072916e+00
## Four-way intersection-Driveway, public                               6.123264e+00
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Driveway, public                 -8.077460e+00
## No Special Feature-Driveway, public                                  1.074635e+02
## Non-intersection median crossing-Driveway, public                   -7.778158e+00
## Off-ramp entry-Driveway, public                                     -7.626538e+00
## Off-ramp proper-Driveway, public                                    -7.583407e+00
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Driveway, public                     -7.644245e+00
## On-ramp entry-Driveway, public                                      -7.945364e+00
## On-ramp proper-Driveway, public                                     -8.292122e+00
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Driveway, public                      -8.279022e+00
## Other-Driveway, public                                              -7.931655e+00
## Railroad crossing-Driveway, public                                  -8.469395e+00
## Related to intersection-Driveway, public                            -6.831541e+00
## Shared-use paths or trails-Driveway, public                         -8.736062e+00
## T-intersection-Driveway, public                                     -2.385792e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Driveway, public                          -8.298640e+00
## Underpass-Driveway, public                                          -8.139144e+00
## Y-intersection-Driveway, public                                     -8.107952e+00
## Five point, or more-End or beginning-divided highway                 6.353678e-01
## Four-way intersection-End or beginning-divided highway               1.483155e+01
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-End or beginning-divided highway  6.308244e-01
## No Special Feature-End or beginning-divided highway                  1.161718e+02
## Non-intersection median crossing-End or beginning-divided highway    9.301260e-01
## Off-ramp entry-End or beginning-divided highway                      1.081746e+00
## Off-ramp proper-End or beginning-divided highway                     1.124877e+00
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-End or beginning-divided highway      1.064039e+00
## On-ramp entry-End or beginning-divided highway                       7.629199e-01
## On-ramp proper-End or beginning-divided highway                      4.161616e-01
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-End or beginning-divided highway       4.292616e-01
## Other-End or beginning-divided highway                               7.766289e-01
## Railroad crossing-End or beginning-divided highway                   2.388889e-01
## Related to intersection-End or beginning-divided highway             1.876743e+00
## Shared-use paths or trails-End or beginning-divided highway         -2.777778e-02
## T-intersection-End or beginning-divided highway                      6.322492e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-End or beginning-divided highway           4.096436e-01
## Underpass-End or beginning-divided highway                           5.691397e-01
## Y-intersection-End or beginning-divided highway                      6.003317e-01
## Four-way intersection-Five point, or more                            1.419618e+01
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Five point, or more              -4.543389e-03
## No Special Feature-Five point, or more                               1.155364e+02
## Non-intersection median crossing-Five point, or more                 2.947582e-01
## Off-ramp entry-Five point, or more                                   4.463783e-01
## Off-ramp proper-Five point, or more                                  4.895093e-01
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Five point, or more                   4.286708e-01
## On-ramp entry-Five point, or more                                    1.275521e-01
## On-ramp proper-Five point, or more                                  -2.192061e-01
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Five point, or more                   -2.061062e-01
## Other-Five point, or more                                            1.412612e-01
## Railroad crossing-Five point, or more                               -3.964789e-01
## Related to intersection-Five point, or more                          1.241375e+00
## Shared-use paths or trails-Five point, or more                      -6.631455e-01
## T-intersection-Five point, or more                                   5.687124e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Five point, or more                       -2.257242e-01
## Underpass-Five point, or more                                       -6.622809e-02
## Y-intersection-Five point, or more                                  -3.503609e-02
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Four-way intersection            -1.420072e+01
## No Special Feature-Four-way intersection                             1.013402e+02
## Non-intersection median crossing-Four-way intersection              -1.390142e+01
## Off-ramp entry-Four-way intersection                                -1.374980e+01
## Off-ramp proper-Four-way intersection                               -1.370667e+01
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Four-way intersection                -1.376751e+01
## On-ramp entry-Four-way intersection                                 -1.406863e+01
## On-ramp proper-Four-way intersection                                -1.441539e+01
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Four-way intersection                 -1.440229e+01
## Other-Four-way intersection                                         -1.405492e+01
## Railroad crossing-Four-way intersection                             -1.459266e+01
## Related to intersection-Four-way intersection                       -1.295480e+01
## Shared-use paths or trails-Four-way intersection                    -1.485933e+01
## T-intersection-Four-way intersection                                -8.509056e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Four-way intersection                     -1.442190e+01
## Underpass-Four-way intersection                                     -1.426241e+01
## Y-intersection-Four-way intersection                                -1.423122e+01
## No Special Feature-Merge lane between on and off ramp                1.155410e+02
## Non-intersection median crossing-Merge lane between on and off ramp  2.993016e-01
## Off-ramp entry-Merge lane between on and off ramp                    4.509217e-01
## Off-ramp proper-Merge lane between on and off ramp                   4.940527e-01
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Merge lane between on and off ramp    4.332142e-01
## On-ramp entry-Merge lane between on and off ramp                     1.320955e-01
## On-ramp proper-Merge lane between on and off ramp                   -2.146628e-01
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Merge lane between on and off ramp    -2.015628e-01
## Other-Merge lane between on and off ramp                             1.458045e-01
## Railroad crossing-Merge lane between on and off ramp                -3.919355e-01
## Related to intersection-Merge lane between on and off ramp           1.245919e+00
## Shared-use paths or trails-Merge lane between on and off ramp       -6.586022e-01
## T-intersection-Merge lane between on and off ramp                    5.691668e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Merge lane between on and off ramp        -2.211808e-01
## Underpass-Merge lane between on and off ramp                        -6.168470e-02
## Y-intersection-Merge lane between on and off ramp                   -3.049270e-02
## Non-intersection median crossing-No Special Feature                 -1.152417e+02
## Off-ramp entry-No Special Feature                                   -1.150900e+02
## Off-ramp proper-No Special Feature                                  -1.150469e+02
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-No Special Feature                   -1.151078e+02
## On-ramp entry-No Special Feature                                    -1.154089e+02
## On-ramp proper-No Special Feature                                   -1.157556e+02
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-No Special Feature                    -1.157425e+02
## Other-No Special Feature                                            -1.153952e+02
## Railroad crossing-No Special Feature                                -1.159329e+02
## Related to intersection-No Special Feature                          -1.142951e+02
## Shared-use paths or trails-No Special Feature                       -1.161996e+02
## T-intersection-No Special Feature                                   -1.098493e+02
## Traffic circle/roundabout-No Special Feature                        -1.157622e+02
## Underpass-No Special Feature                                        -1.156027e+02
## Y-intersection-No Special Feature                                   -1.155715e+02
## Off-ramp entry-Non-intersection median crossing                      1.516200e-01
## Off-ramp proper-Non-intersection median crossing                     1.947511e-01
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Non-intersection median crossing      1.339126e-01
## On-ramp entry-Non-intersection median crossing                      -1.672061e-01
## On-ramp proper-Non-intersection median crossing                     -5.139644e-01
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Non-intersection median crossing      -5.008644e-01
## Other-Non-intersection median crossing                              -1.534971e-01
## Railroad crossing-Non-intersection median crossing                  -6.912371e-01
## Related to intersection-Non-intersection median crossing             9.466171e-01
## Shared-use paths or trails-Non-intersection median crossing         -9.579038e-01
## T-intersection-Non-intersection median crossing                      5.392366e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Non-intersection median crossing          -5.204824e-01
## Underpass-Non-intersection median crossing                          -3.609863e-01
## Y-intersection-Non-intersection median crossing                     -3.297943e-01
## Off-ramp proper-Off-ramp entry                                       4.313106e-02
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp entry                       -1.770744e-02
## On-ramp entry-Off-ramp entry                                        -3.188261e-01
## On-ramp proper-Off-ramp entry                                       -6.655844e-01
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp entry                        -6.524845e-01
## Other-Off-ramp entry                                                -3.051171e-01
## Railroad crossing-Off-ramp entry                                    -8.428571e-01
## Related to intersection-Off-ramp entry                               7.949971e-01
## Shared-use paths or trails-Off-ramp entry                           -1.109524e+00
## T-intersection-Off-ramp entry                                        5.240746e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Off-ramp entry                            -6.721024e-01
## Underpass-Off-ramp entry                                            -5.126064e-01
## Y-intersection-Off-ramp entry                                       -4.814144e-01
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp proper                      -6.083850e-02
## On-ramp entry-Off-ramp proper                                       -3.619572e-01
## On-ramp proper-Off-ramp proper                                      -7.087155e-01
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp proper                       -6.956155e-01
## Other-Off-ramp proper                                               -3.482482e-01
## Railroad crossing-Off-ramp proper                                   -8.859882e-01
## Related to intersection-Off-ramp proper                              7.518661e-01
## Shared-use paths or trails-Off-ramp proper                          -1.152655e+00
## T-intersection-Off-ramp proper                                       5.197615e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Off-ramp proper                           -7.152335e-01
## Underpass-Off-ramp proper                                           -5.557374e-01
## Y-intersection-Off-ramp proper                                      -5.245454e-01
## On-ramp entry-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                        -3.011187e-01
## On-ramp proper-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                       -6.478770e-01
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad        -6.347770e-01
## Other-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                                -2.874097e-01
## Railroad crossing-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                    -8.251497e-01
## Related to intersection-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad               8.127046e-01
## Shared-use paths or trails-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad           -1.091816e+00
## T-intersection-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                        5.258453e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad            -6.543950e-01
## Underpass-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                            -4.948989e-01
## Y-intersection-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                       -4.637069e-01
## On-ramp proper-On-ramp entry                                        -3.467583e-01
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-On-ramp entry                         -3.336583e-01
## Other-On-ramp entry                                                  1.370902e-02
## Railroad crossing-On-ramp entry                                     -5.240310e-01
## Related to intersection-On-ramp entry                                1.113823e+00
## Shared-use paths or trails-On-ramp entry                            -7.906977e-01
## T-intersection-On-ramp entry                                         5.559572e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-On-ramp entry                             -3.532763e-01
## Underpass-On-ramp entry                                             -1.937802e-01
## Y-intersection-On-ramp entry                                        -1.625882e-01
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-On-ramp proper                         1.309994e-02
## Other-On-ramp proper                                                 3.604673e-01
## Railroad crossing-On-ramp proper                                    -1.772727e-01
## Related to intersection-On-ramp proper                               1.460582e+00
## Shared-use paths or trails-On-ramp proper                           -4.439394e-01
## T-intersection-On-ramp proper                                        5.906330e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-On-ramp proper                            -6.518010e-03
## Underpass-On-ramp proper                                             1.529781e-01
## Y-intersection-On-ramp proper                                        1.841701e-01
## Other-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                                  3.473674e-01
## Railroad crossing-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                     -1.903727e-01
## Related to intersection-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                1.447482e+00
## Shared-use paths or trails-On-ramp terminal on crossroad            -4.570393e-01
## T-intersection-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                         5.893230e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-On-ramp terminal on crossroad             -1.961795e-02
## Underpass-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                              1.398781e-01
## Y-intersection-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                         1.710701e-01
## Railroad crossing-Other                                             -5.377400e-01
## Related to intersection-Other                                        1.100114e+00
## Shared-use paths or trails-Other                                    -8.044067e-01
## T-intersection-Other                                                 5.545863e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Other                                     -3.669853e-01
## Underpass-Other                                                     -2.074892e-01
## Y-intersection-Other                                                -1.762972e-01
## Related to intersection-Railroad crossing                            1.637854e+00
## Shared-use paths or trails-Railroad crossing                        -2.666667e-01
## T-intersection-Railroad crossing                                     6.083603e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Railroad crossing                          1.707547e-01
## Underpass-Railroad crossing                                          3.302508e-01
## Y-intersection-Railroad crossing                                     3.614428e-01
## Shared-use paths or trails-Related to intersection                  -1.904521e+00
## T-intersection-Related to intersection                               4.445749e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Related to intersection                   -1.467100e+00
## Underpass-Related to intersection                                   -1.307603e+00
## Y-intersection-Related to intersection                              -1.276411e+00
## T-intersection-Shared-use paths or trails                            6.350270e+00
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Shared-use paths or trails                 4.374214e-01
## Underpass-Shared-use paths or trails                                 5.969175e-01
## Y-intersection-Shared-use paths or trails                            6.281095e-01
## Traffic circle/roundabout-T-intersection                            -5.912848e+00
## Underpass-T-intersection                                            -5.753352e+00
## Y-intersection-T-intersection                                       -5.722160e+00
## Underpass-Traffic circle/roundabout                                  1.594961e-01
## Y-intersection-Traffic circle/roundabout                             1.906881e-01
## Y-intersection-Underpass                                             3.119200e-02
##                                                                               lwr
## Alley intersection-                                                   -6.38694339
## Bridge-                                                               -2.81323415
## Bridge approach-                                                      -5.72222608
## Driveway, private-                                                    -2.86551914
## Driveway, public-                                                      4.84772119
## End or beginning-divided highway-                                    -14.60391656
## Five point, or more-                                                  -7.51255756
## Four-way intersection-                                                10.97651821
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-                                   -4.95799993
## No Special Feature-                                                  112.32051204
## Non-intersection median crossing-                                     -6.31984872
## Off-ramp entry-                                                       -3.26258855
## Off-ramp proper-                                                      -3.00901439
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-                                       -3.31156039
## On-ramp entry-                                                        -3.80803655
## On-ramp proper-                                                       -4.60050090
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-                                        -5.67874782
## Other-                                                                -3.58990596
## Railroad crossing-                                                   -13.68476139
## Related to intersection-                                              -2.27118147
## Shared-use paths or trails-                                          -17.62634260
## T-intersection-                                                        2.44548262
## Traffic circle/roundabout-                                            -4.88547382
## Underpass-                                                            -4.48775257
## Y-intersection-                                                       -5.11209063
## Bridge-Alley intersection                                             -4.93032728
## Bridge approach-Alley intersection                                    -7.32203176
## Driveway, private-Alley intersection                                  -5.13910381
## Driveway, public-Alley intersection                                    2.49486411
## End or beginning-divided highway-Alley intersection                  -15.21302898
## Five point, or more-Alley intersection                                -8.71127758
## Four-way intersection-Alley intersection                               8.62119071
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Alley intersection                 -6.69483383
## No Special Feature-Alley intersection                                109.96350982
## Non-intersection median crossing-Alley intersection                   -7.67252834
## Off-ramp entry-Alley intersection                                     -5.41333166
## Off-ramp proper-Alley intersection                                    -5.24440203
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Alley intersection                     -5.45013670
## On-ramp entry-Alley intersection                                      -5.87287507
## On-ramp proper-Alley intersection                                     -6.51088084
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Alley intersection                      -7.27855350
## Other-Alley intersection                                              -5.73199902
## Railroad crossing-Alley intersection                                 -14.33156645
## Related to intersection-Alley intersection                            -4.50077225
## Shared-use paths or trails-Alley intersection                        -18.10342220
## T-intersection-Alley intersection                                      0.09994594
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Alley intersection                          -6.70818176
## Underpass-Alley intersection                                          -6.38506803
## Y-intersection-Alley intersection                                     -6.81466765
## Bridge approach-Bridge                                                -6.32666983
## Driveway, private-Bridge                                              -3.27241536
## Driveway, public-Bridge                                                4.47389085
## End or beginning-divided highway-Bridge                              -15.38246297
## Five point, or more-Bridge                                            -8.19669863
## Four-way intersection-Bridge                                          10.60377098
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Bridge                             -5.53052558
## No Special Feature-Bridge                                            111.94850098
## Non-intersection median crossing-Bridge                               -6.97540761
## Off-ramp entry-Bridge                                                 -3.71514840
## Off-ramp proper-Bridge                                                -3.43077463
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Bridge                                 -3.76832672
## On-ramp entry-Bridge                                                  -4.28923645
## On-ramp proper-Bridge                                                 -5.12778531
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Bridge                                  -6.28319157
## Other-Bridge                                                          -4.04546178
## Railroad crossing-Bridge                                             -14.45778622
## Related to intersection-Bridge                                        -2.69514210
## Shared-use paths or trails-Bridge                                    -18.42385117
## T-intersection-Bridge                                                  2.06846252
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Bridge                                      -5.43636621
## Underpass-Bridge                                                      -5.01866111
## Y-intersection-Bridge                                                 -5.69287753
## Driveway, private-Bridge approach                                     -4.02803531
## Driveway, public-Bridge approach                                       3.62624775
## End or beginning-divided highway-Bridge approach                     -14.69189096
## Five point, or more-Bridge approach                                   -7.95102338
## Four-way intersection-Bridge approach                                  9.75319401
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Bridge approach                    -5.74248281
## No Special Feature-Bridge approach                                   111.09593273
## Non-intersection median crossing-Bridge approach                      -6.85435378
## Off-ramp entry-Bridge approach                                        -4.33537860
## Off-ramp proper-Bridge approach                                       -4.14341906
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Bridge approach                        -4.37557041
## On-ramp entry-Bridge approach                                         -4.81924109
## On-ramp proper-Bridge approach                                        -5.50331393
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Bridge approach                         -6.37225388
## Other-Bridge approach                                                 -4.65645185
## Railroad crossing-Bridge approach                                    -13.79447023
## Related to intersection-Bridge approach                               -3.40133664
## Shared-use paths or trails-Bridge approach                           -17.63873654
## T-intersection-Bridge approach                                         1.22948859
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Bridge approach                             -5.72806302
## Underpass-Bridge approach                                             -5.38153259
## Y-intersection-Bridge approach                                        -5.87363160
## Driveway, public-Driveway, private                                     5.50114129
## End or beginning-divided highway-Driveway, private                   -14.84216372
## Five point, or more-Driveway, private                                 -7.56437595
## Four-way intersection-Driveway, private                               11.63293949
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Driveway, private                  -4.77915719
## No Special Feature-Driveway, private                                 112.97897714
## Non-intersection median crossing-Driveway, private                    -6.31393548
## Off-ramp entry-Driveway, private                                      -2.81212649
## Off-ramp proper-Driveway, private                                     -2.48230848
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Driveway, private                      -2.87125323
## On-ramp entry-Driveway, private                                       -3.42563715
## On-ramp proper-Driveway, private                                      -4.32301962
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Driveway, private                       -5.56744555
## Other-Driveway, private                                               -3.14668238
## Railroad crossing-Driveway, private                                  -13.91223899
## Related to intersection-Driveway, private                             -1.75004133
## Shared-use paths or trails-Driveway, private                         -17.90148502
## T-intersection-Driveway, private                                       3.09010386
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Driveway, private                           -4.65993365
## Underpass-Driveway, private                                           -4.21831688
## Y-intersection-Driveway, private                                      -4.95087572
## End or beginning-divided highway-Driveway, public                    -22.33024736
## Five point, or more-Driveway, public                                 -15.01144199
## Four-way intersection-Driveway, public                                 4.41639903
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Driveway, public                  -12.16935571
## No Special Feature-Driveway, public                                  105.76350758
## Non-intersection median crossing-Driveway, public                    -13.74757008
## Off-ramp entry-Driveway, public                                      -10.11803695
## Off-ramp proper-Driveway, public                                      -9.75874672
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Driveway, public                      -10.18084270
## On-ramp entry-Driveway, public                                       -10.75525958
## On-ramp proper-Driveway, public                                      -11.68548667
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Driveway, public                       -12.97527521
## Other-Driveway, public                                               -10.45522066
## Railroad crossing-Driveway, public                                   -21.39802595
## Related to intersection-Driveway, public                              -9.02875192
## Shared-use paths or trails-Driveway, public                          -25.39738942
## T-intersection-Driveway, public                                       -4.13252965
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Driveway, public                           -12.03732911
## Underpass-Driveway, public                                           -11.58314789
## Y-intersection-Driveway, public                                      -12.34577095
## Five point, or more-End or beginning-divided highway                 -14.55519070
## Four-way intersection-End or beginning-divided highway                 1.21085320
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-End or beginning-divided highway  -13.48843693
## No Special Feature-End or beginning-divided highway                  102.55195871
## Non-intersection median crossing-End or beginning-divided highway    -13.84295110
## Off-ramp entry-End or beginning-divided highway                      -12.65934174
## Off-ramp proper-End or beginning-divided highway                     -12.56241735
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-End or beginning-divided highway      -12.68529782
## On-ramp entry-End or beginning-divided highway                       -13.03945086
## On-ramp proper-End or beginning-divided highway                      -13.51670770
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-End or beginning-divided highway       -13.87684610
## Other-End or beginning-divided highway                               -12.97030925
## Railroad crossing-End or beginning-divided highway                   -18.46296725
## Related to intersection-End or beginning-divided highway             -11.81404436
## Shared-use paths or trails-End or beginning-divided highway          -21.48027803
## T-intersection-End or beginning-divided highway                       -7.30325641
## Traffic circle/roundabout-End or beginning-divided highway           -13.61133066
## Underpass-End or beginning-divided highway                           -13.37614937
## Y-intersection-End or beginning-divided highway                      -13.56190801
## Four-way intersection-Five point, or more                              7.26014591
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Five point, or more                -7.87466361
## No Special Feature-Five point, or more                               108.60207858
## Non-intersection median crossing-Five point, or more                  -8.69574006
## Off-ramp entry-Five point, or more                                    -6.72319255
## Off-ramp proper-Five point, or more                                   -6.57641466
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Five point, or more                    -6.75669655
## On-ramp entry-Five point, or more                                     -7.15878378
## On-ramp proper-Five point, or more                                    -7.74981700
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Five point, or more                     -8.40671404
## Other-Five point, or more                                             -7.03951608
## Railroad crossing-Five point, or more                                -14.96853006
## Related to intersection-Five point, or more                           -5.83131258
## Shared-use paths or trails-Five point, or more                       -18.62964269
## T-intersection-Five point, or more                                    -1.25882936
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Five point, or more                         -7.91812118
## Underpass-Five point, or more                                         -7.61979276
## Y-intersection-Five point, or more                                    -7.98200315
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Four-way intersection             -18.28839207
## No Special Feature-Four-way intersection                              99.65044416
## Non-intersection median crossing-Four-way intersection               -19.86793678
## Off-ramp entry-Four-way intersection                                 -16.23435191
## Off-ramp proper-Four-way intersection                                -15.87404832
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Four-way intersection                 -16.29728154
## On-ramp entry-Four-way intersection                                  -16.87236374
## On-ramp proper-Four-way intersection                                 -17.80365167
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Four-way intersection                  -19.09485602
## Other-Four-way intersection                                          -16.57162416
## Railroad crossing-Four-way intersection                              -27.51995221
## Related to intersection-Four-way intersection                        -15.14413306
## Shared-use paths or trails-Four-way intersection                     -31.51961530
## T-intersection-Four-way intersection                                 -10.24586755
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Four-way intersection                      -18.15596564
## Underpass-Four-way intersection                                      -17.70138796
## Y-intersection-Four-way intersection                                 -18.46495301
## No Special Feature-Merge lane between on and off ramp                111.45616171
## Non-intersection median crossing-Merge lane between on and off ramp   -6.73131236
## Off-ramp entry-Merge lane between on and off ramp                     -4.02157418
## Off-ramp proper-Merge lane between on and off ramp                    -3.81033517
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Merge lane between on and off ramp     -4.06456052
## On-ramp entry-Merge lane between on and off ramp                      -4.52528190
## On-ramp proper-Merge lane between on and off ramp                     -5.24562422
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Merge lane between on and off ramp      -6.18908670
## Other-Merge lane between on and off ramp                              -4.34463364
## Railroad crossing-Merge lane between on and off ramp                 -13.84352086
## Related to intersection-Merge lane between on and off ramp            -3.06956362
## Shared-use paths or trails-Merge lane between on and off ramp        -17.72891243
## T-intersection-Merge lane between on and off ramp                      1.58718905
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Merge lane between on and off ramp          -5.49123251
## Underpass-Merge lane between on and off ramp                          -5.12694013
## Y-intersection-Merge lane between on and off ramp                     -5.66562879
## Non-intersection median crossing-No Special Feature                 -121.20622504
## Off-ramp entry-No Special Feature                                   -117.56989082
## Off-ramp proper-No Special Feature                                  -117.20889657
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-No Special Feature                   -117.63290476
## On-ramp entry-No Special Feature                                    -118.20843953
## On-ramp proper-No Special Feature                                   -119.14044794
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-No Special Feature                    -120.43261215
## Other-No Special Feature                                            -117.90722334
## Railroad crossing-No Special Feature                                -128.85929551
## Related to intersection-No Special Feature                          -116.47903558
## Shared-use paths or trails-No Special Feature                       -132.85916119
## T-intersection-No Special Feature                                   -111.57937262
## Traffic circle/roundabout-No Special Feature                        -119.49308179
## Underpass-No Special Feature                                        -119.03823517
## Y-intersection-No Special Feature                                   -119.80243898
## Off-ramp entry-Non-intersection median crossing                       -6.08484423
## Off-ramp proper-Non-intersection median crossing                      -5.92227617
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Non-intersection median crossing       -6.12070531
## On-ramp entry-Non-intersection median crossing                        -6.53756182
## On-ramp proper-Non-intersection median crossing                       -7.16233566
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Non-intersection median crossing        -7.89956093
## Other-Non-intersection median crossing                                -6.40284125
## Railroad crossing-Non-intersection median crossing                   -14.82755263
## Related to intersection-Non-intersection median crossing              -5.17822210
## Shared-use paths or trails-Non-intersection median crossing          -18.57283383
## T-intersection-Non-intersection median crossing                       -0.58567817
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Non-intersection median crossing            -7.35156670
## Underpass-Non-intersection median crossing                            -7.03534622
## Y-intersection-Non-intersection median crossing                       -7.44632622
## Off-ramp proper-Off-ramp entry                                        -2.78382993
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp entry                         -3.13121527
## On-ramp entry-Off-ramp entry                                          -3.65875395
## On-ramp proper-Off-ramp entry                                         -4.50934905
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp entry                          -5.68382581
## Other-Off-ramp entry                                                  -3.40801712
## Railroad crossing-Off-ramp entry                                     -13.89694089
## Related to intersection-Off-ramp entry                                -2.04882806
## Shared-use paths or trails-Off-ramp entry                            -17.86838554
## T-intersection-Off-ramp entry                                          2.72863579
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Off-ramp entry                              -4.82389706
## Underpass-Off-ramp entry                                              -4.40114926
## Y-intersection-Off-ramp entry                                         -5.08779169
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp proper                        -2.92762538
## On-ramp entry-Off-ramp proper                                         -3.47317141
## On-ramp proper-Off-ramp proper                                        -4.35550346
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp proper                         -5.57812838
## Other-Off-ramp proper                                                 -3.20351077
## Railroad crossing-Off-ramp proper                                    -13.88343558
## Related to intersection-Off-ramp proper                               -1.81949111
## Shared-use paths or trails-Off-ramp proper                           -17.86743822
## T-intersection-Off-ramp proper                                         2.99869845
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Off-ramp proper                             -4.68536381
## Underpass-Off-ramp proper                                             -4.24969220
## Y-intersection-Off-ramp proper                                        -4.96788293
## On-ramp entry-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                          -3.67482236
## On-ramp proper-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                         -4.52102623
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad          -5.68860274
## Other-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                                  -3.42663681
## Railroad crossing-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                     -13.88791591
## Related to intersection-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                -2.07071359
## Shared-use paths or trails-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad            -17.85744207
## T-intersection-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                          2.70160844
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad              -4.83340890
## Underpass-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                              -4.41249059
## Y-intersection-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                         -5.09463239
## On-ramp proper-On-ramp entry                                          -4.40415548
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-On-ramp entry                           -5.53003603
## Other-On-ramp entry                                                   -3.35020743
## Railroad crossing-On-ramp entry                                      -13.64260745
## Related to intersection-On-ramp entry                                 -2.01272230
## Shared-use paths or trails-On-ramp entry                             -17.59984376
## T-intersection-On-ramp entry                                           2.73138486
## Traffic circle/roundabout-On-ramp entry                               -4.70360320
## Underpass-On-ramp entry                                               -4.29362307
## Y-intersection-On-ramp entry                                          -4.94867824
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-On-ramp proper                          -5.52059230
## Other-On-ramp proper                                                  -3.50415980
## Railroad crossing-On-ramp proper                                     -13.43308114
## Related to intersection-On-ramp proper                                -2.19929494
## Shared-use paths or trails-On-ramp proper                            -17.36040477
## T-intersection-On-ramp proper                                          2.49780403
## Traffic circle/roundabout-On-ramp proper                              -4.75464953
## Underpass-On-ramp proper                                              -4.36676973
## Y-intersection-On-ramp proper                                         -4.96617618
## Other-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                                   -4.69993011
## Railroad crossing-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                      -13.83794849
## Related to intersection-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                 -3.44481490
## Shared-use paths or trails-On-ramp terminal on crossroad             -17.68221480
## T-intersection-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                           1.18601033
## Traffic circle/roundabout-On-ramp terminal on crossroad               -5.77154129
## Underpass-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                               -5.42501085
## Y-intersection-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                          -5.91710986
## Railroad crossing-Other                                              -13.59798193
## Related to intersection-Other                                         -1.77184637
## Shared-use paths or trails-Other                                     -17.56806568
## T-intersection-Other                                                   3.00194609
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Other                                       -4.53810204
## Underpass-Other                                                       -4.11665565
## Y-intersection-Other                                                  -4.80009744
## Related to intersection-Railroad crossing                            -11.36327153
## Shared-use paths or trails-Railroad crossing                         -21.28573840
## T-intersection-Railroad crossing                                      -6.84901569
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Railroad crossing                          -13.17762828
## Underpass-Railroad crossing                                          -12.93861111
## Y-intersection-Railroad crossing                                     -13.13524726
## Shared-use paths or trails-Related to intersection                   -18.62216476
## T-intersection-Related to intersection                                 2.22519336
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Related to intersection                     -5.44925573
## Underpass-Related to intersection                                     -5.01448020
## Y-intersection-Related to intersection                                -5.73049738
## T-intersection-Shared-use paths or trails                            -10.31415261
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Shared-use paths or trails                 -16.55168315
## Underpass-Shared-use paths or trails                                 -16.32977863
## Y-intersection-Shared-use paths or trails                            -16.47776633
## Traffic circle/roundabout-T-intersection                              -9.66530400
## Underpass-T-intersection                                              -9.21229585
## Y-intersection-T-intersection                                         -9.97212932
## Underpass-Traffic circle/roundabout                                   -4.62495711
## Y-intersection-Traffic circle/roundabout                              -5.19344961
## Y-intersection-Underpass                                              -5.15265847
##                                                                              upr
## Alley intersection-                                                    6.0555185
## Bridge-                                                                4.5826821
## Bridge approach-                                                       5.0267918
## Driveway, private-                                                     3.7529734
## Driveway, public-                                                     11.1018458
## End or beginning-divided highway-                                     13.1369157
## Five point, or more-                                                   7.3162922
## Four-way intersection-                                                17.2195758
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-                                    4.7526478
## No Special Feature-                                                  118.5560769
## Non-intersection median crossing-                                      6.7130999
## Off-ramp entry-                                                        3.9590798
## Off-ramp proper-                                                       3.7917677
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-                                        3.9726367
## On-ramp entry-                                                         3.8668755
## On-ramp proper-                                                        3.9658233
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-                                         5.0702701
## Other-                                                                 3.6761630
## Railroad crossing-                                                    12.6955383
## Related to intersection-                                               4.5576669
## Shared-use paths or trails-                                           16.1037862
## T-intersection-                                                        8.7325004
## Traffic circle/roundabout-                                             4.2377602
## Underpass-                                                             4.1590311
## Y-intersection-                                                        4.8457531
## Bridge-Alley intersection                                              7.0312001
## Bridge approach-Alley intersection                                     6.9580224
## Driveway, private-Alley intersection                                   6.3579830
## Driveway, public-Alley intersection                                   13.7861278
## End or beginning-divided highway-Alley intersection                   14.0774530
## Five point, or more-Alley intersection                                 8.8464372
## Four-way intersection-Alley intersection                              19.9063282
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Alley intersection                  6.8209066
## No Special Feature-Alley intersection                                121.2445040
## Non-intersection median crossing-Alley intersection                    8.3972044
## Off-ramp entry-Alley intersection                                      6.4412478
## Off-ramp proper-Alley intersection                                     6.3585803
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Alley intersection                      6.4426379
## On-ramp entry-Alley intersection                                       6.2631389
## On-ramp proper-Alley intersection                                      6.2076281
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Alley intersection                       7.0015007
## Other-Alley intersection                                               6.1496809
## Railroad crossing-Alley intersection                                  13.6737683
## Related to intersection-Alley intersection                             7.1186826
## Shared-use paths or trails-Alley intersection                         16.9122907
## T-intersection-Alley intersection                                     11.4094620
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Alley intersection                           6.3918930
## Underpass-Alley intersection                                           6.3877714
## Y-intersection-Alley intersection                                      6.8797551
## Bridge approach-Bridge                                                 3.8617877
## Driveway, private-Bridge                                               2.3904217
## Driveway, public-Bridge                                                9.7062282
## End or beginning-divided highway-Bridge                               12.1460142
## Five point, or more-Bridge                                             6.2309854
## Four-way intersection-Bridge                                          15.8228752
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Bridge                              3.5557256
## No Special Feature-Bridge                                            117.1586400
## Non-intersection median crossing-Bridge                                5.5992108
## Off-ramp entry-Bridge                                                  2.6421917
## Off-ramp proper-Bridge                                                 2.4440800
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Bridge                                  2.6599551
## On-ramp entry-Bridge                                                   2.5786275
## On-ramp proper-Bridge                                                  2.7236598
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Bridge                                   3.9052659
## Other-Bridge                                                           2.3622708
## Railroad crossing-Bridge                                              11.6991152
## Related to intersection-Bridge                                         3.2121796
## Shared-use paths or trails-Bridge                                     15.1318468
## T-intersection-Bridge                                                  7.3400726
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Bridge                                       3.0192047
## Underpass-Bridge                                                       2.9204917
## Y-intersection-Bridge                                                  3.6570921
## Driveway, private-Bridge approach                                      5.6109238
## Driveway, public-Bridge approach                                      13.0187535
## End or beginning-divided highway-Bridge approach                      13.9203244
## Five point, or more-Bridge approach                                    8.4501923
## Four-way intersection-Bridge approach                                 19.1383343
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Bridge approach                     6.2325650
## No Special Feature-Bridge approach                                   120.4760904
## Non-intersection median crossing-Bridge approach                       7.9430392
## Off-ramp entry-Bridge approach                                         5.7273041
## Off-ramp proper-Bridge approach                                        5.6216066
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Bridge approach                         5.7320810
## On-ramp entry-Bridge approach                                          5.5735143
## On-ramp proper-Bridge approach                                         5.5640706
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Bridge approach                          6.4592104
## Other-Bridge approach                                                  5.4381431
## Railroad crossing-Bridge approach                                     13.5006814
## Related to intersection-Bridge approach                                6.3832563
## Shared-use paths or trails-Bridge approach                            16.8116144
## T-intersection-Bridge approach                                        10.6439287
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Bridge approach                              5.7757836
## Underpass-Bridge approach                                              5.7482453
## Y-intersection-Bridge approach                                         6.3027284
## Driveway, public-Driveway, private                                     9.5609714
## End or beginning-divided highway-Driveway, private                    12.4877086
## Five point, or more-Driveway, private                                  6.4806564
## Four-way intersection-Driveway, private                               15.6757003
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Driveway, private                   3.6863508
## No Special Feature-Driveway, private                                 117.0101575
## Non-intersection median crossing-Driveway, private                     5.8197324
## Off-ramp entry-Driveway, private                                       2.6211635
## Off-ramp proper-Driveway, private                                      2.3776076
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Driveway, private                       2.6448753
## On-ramp entry-Driveway, private                                        2.5970219
## On-ramp proper-Driveway, private                                       2.8008878
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Driveway, private                        4.0715136
## Other-Driveway, private                                                2.3454851
## Railroad crossing-Driveway, private                                   12.0355617
## Related to intersection-Driveway, private                              3.1490725
## Shared-use paths or trails-Driveway, private                          15.4914744
## T-intersection-Driveway, private                                       7.2004249
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Driveway, private                            3.1247658
## Underpass-Driveway, private                                            3.0021411
## Y-intersection-Driveway, private                                       3.7970840
## End or beginning-divided highway-Driveway, public                      4.9136795
## Five point, or more-Driveway, public                                  -1.1343903
## Four-way intersection-Driveway, public                                 7.8301281
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Driveway, public                   -3.9855634
## No Special Feature-Driveway, public                                  109.1635144
## Non-intersection median crossing-Driveway, public                     -1.8087457
## Off-ramp entry-Driveway, public                                       -5.1350388
## Off-ramp proper-Driveway, public                                      -5.4080669
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Driveway, public                       -5.1076479
## On-ramp entry-Driveway, public                                        -5.1354684
## On-ramp proper-Driveway, public                                       -4.8987579
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Driveway, public                        -3.5827695
## Other-Driveway, public                                                -5.4080893
## Railroad crossing-Driveway, public                                     4.4592359
## Related to intersection-Driveway, public                              -4.6343296
## Shared-use paths or trails-Driveway, public                            7.9252660
## T-intersection-Driveway, public                                       -0.6390543
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Driveway, public                            -4.5599515
## Underpass-Driveway, public                                            -4.6951406
## Y-intersection-Driveway, public                                       -3.8701335
## Five point, or more-End or beginning-divided highway                  15.8259262
## Four-way intersection-End or beginning-divided highway                28.4522417
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-End or beginning-divided highway   14.7500857
## No Special Feature-End or beginning-divided highway                  129.7916310
## Non-intersection median crossing-End or beginning-divided highway     15.7032031
## Off-ramp entry-End or beginning-divided highway                       14.8228338
## Off-ramp proper-End or beginning-divided highway                      14.8121715
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-End or beginning-divided highway       14.8133750
## On-ramp entry-End or beginning-divided highway                        14.5652907
## On-ramp proper-End or beginning-divided highway                       14.3490309
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-End or beginning-divided highway        14.7353692
## Other-End or beginning-divided highway                                14.5235671
## Railroad crossing-End or beginning-divided highway                    18.9407450
## Related to intersection-End or beginning-divided highway              15.5675306
## Shared-use paths or trails-End or beginning-divided highway           21.4247225
## T-intersection-End or beginning-divided highway                       19.9482403
## Traffic circle/roundabout-End or beginning-divided highway            14.4306179
## Underpass-End or beginning-divided highway                            14.5144287
## Y-intersection-End or beginning-divided highway                       14.7625714
## Four-way intersection-Five point, or more                             21.1322135
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Five point, or more                 7.8655768
## No Special Feature-Five point, or more                               122.4707756
## Non-intersection median crossing-Five point, or more                   9.2852565
## Off-ramp entry-Five point, or more                                     7.6159491
## Off-ramp proper-Five point, or more                                    7.5554333
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Five point, or more                     7.6140382
## On-ramp entry-Five point, or more                                      7.4138881
## On-ramp proper-Five point, or more                                     7.3114047
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Five point, or more                      7.9945016
## Other-Five point, or more                                              7.3220384
## Railroad crossing-Five point, or more                                 14.1755723
## Related to intersection-Five point, or more                            8.3140633
## Shared-use paths or trails-Five point, or more                        17.3033516
## T-intersection-Five point, or more                                    12.6330777
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Five point, or more                          7.4666729
## Underpass-Five point, or more                                          7.4873366
## Y-intersection-Five point, or more                                     7.9119310
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Four-way intersection             -10.1130541
## No Special Feature-Four-way intersection                             103.0300507
## Non-intersection median crossing-Four-way intersection                -7.9349061
## Off-ramp entry-Four-way intersection                                 -11.2652509
## Off-ramp proper-Four-way intersection                                -11.5392924
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Four-way intersection                 -11.2377362
## On-ramp entry-Four-way intersection                                  -11.2648914
## On-ramp proper-Four-way intersection                                 -11.0271200
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Four-way intersection                   -9.7097158
## Other-Four-way intersection                                          -11.5382129
## Railroad crossing-Four-way intersection                               -1.6653649
## Related to intersection-Four-way intersection                        -10.7654756
## Shared-use paths or trails-Four-way intersection                       1.8009648
## T-intersection-Four-way intersection                                  -6.7722435
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Four-way intersection                      -10.6878420
## Underpass-Four-way intersection                                      -10.8234276
## Y-intersection-Four-way intersection                                  -9.9974785
## No Special Feature-Merge lane between on and off ramp                119.6257793
## Non-intersection median crossing-Merge lane between on and off ramp    7.3299156
## Off-ramp entry-Merge lane between on and off ramp                      4.9234175
## Off-ramp proper-Merge lane between on and off ramp                     4.7984406
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Merge lane between on and off ramp      4.9309890
## On-ramp entry-Merge lane between on and off ramp                       4.7894729
## On-ramp proper-Merge lane between on and off ramp                      4.8162987
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Merge lane between on and off ramp       5.7859611
## Other-Merge lane between on and off ramp                               4.6362427
## Railroad crossing-Merge lane between on and off ramp                  13.0596499
## Related to intersection-Merge lane between on and off ramp             5.5614012
## Shared-use paths or trails-Merge lane between on and off ramp         16.4117081
## T-intersection-Merge lane between on and off ramp                      9.7961461
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Merge lane between on and off ramp           5.0488710
## Underpass-Merge lane between on and off ramp                           5.0035707
## Y-intersection-Merge lane between on and off ramp                      5.6046434
## Non-intersection median crossing-No Special Feature                 -109.2771127
## Off-ramp entry-No Special Feature                                   -112.6102069
## Off-ramp proper-No Special Feature                                  -112.8849390
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-No Special Feature                   -112.5826078
## On-ramp entry-No Special Feature                                    -112.6093104
## On-ramp proper-No Special Feature                                   -112.3708186
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-No Special Feature                    -111.0524545
## Other-No Special Feature                                            -112.8831086
## Railroad crossing-No Special Feature                                -103.0065165
## Related to intersection-No Special Feature                          -112.1110679
## Shared-use paths or trails-No Special Feature                        -99.5399841
## T-intersection-No Special Feature                                   -108.1192333
## Traffic circle/roundabout-No Special Feature                        -112.0312207
## Underpass-No Special Feature                                        -112.1670752
## Y-intersection-No Special Feature                                   -111.3404874
## Off-ramp entry-Non-intersection median crossing                        6.3880843
## Off-ramp proper-Non-intersection median crossing                       6.3117783
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Non-intersection median crossing        6.3885305
## On-ramp entry-Non-intersection median crossing                         6.2031496
## On-ramp proper-Non-intersection median crossing                        6.1344069
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Non-intersection median crossing         6.8978320
## Other-Non-intersection median crossing                                 6.0958471
## Railroad crossing-Non-intersection median crossing                    13.4450784
## Related to intersection-Non-intersection median crossing               7.0714564
## Shared-use paths or trails-Non-intersection median crossing           16.6570263
## T-intersection-Non-intersection median crossing                       11.3704100
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Non-intersection median crossing             6.3106019
## Underpass-Non-intersection median crossing                             6.3133736
## Y-intersection-Non-intersection median crossing                        6.7867376
## Off-ramp proper-Off-ramp entry                                         2.8700920
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp entry                          3.0958004
## On-ramp entry-Off-ramp entry                                           3.0211017
## On-ramp proper-Off-ramp entry                                          3.1781802
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp entry                           4.3788569
## Other-Off-ramp entry                                                   2.7977829
## Railroad crossing-Off-ramp entry                                      12.2112266
## Related to intersection-Off-ramp entry                                 3.6388223
## Shared-use paths or trails-Off-ramp entry                             15.6493379
## T-intersection-Off-ramp entry                                          7.7528560
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Off-ramp entry                               3.4796922
## Underpass-Off-ramp entry                                               3.3759365
## Y-intersection-Off-ramp entry                                          4.1249630
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp proper                         2.8059484
## On-ramp entry-Off-ramp proper                                          2.7492570
## On-ramp proper-Off-ramp proper                                         2.9380725
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp proper                          4.1868973
## Other-Off-ramp proper                                                  2.5070144
## Railroad crossing-Off-ramp proper                                     12.1114592
## Related to intersection-Off-ramp proper                                3.3232232
## Shared-use paths or trails-Off-ramp proper                            15.5621285
## T-intersection-Off-ramp proper                                         7.3965312
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Off-ramp proper                              3.2548968
## Underpass-Off-ramp proper                                              3.1382174
## Y-intersection-Off-ramp proper                                         3.9187921
## On-ramp entry-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                           3.0725850
## On-ramp proper-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                          3.2252723
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad           4.4190487
## Other-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                                   2.8518175
## Railroad crossing-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                      12.2376165
## Related to intersection-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                 3.6961227
## Shared-use paths or trails-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad             15.6738093
## T-intersection-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                          7.8152982
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad               3.5246189
## Underpass-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                               3.4226928
## Y-intersection-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                          4.1672186
## On-ramp proper-On-ramp entry                                           3.7106389
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-On-ramp entry                            4.8627194
## Other-On-ramp entry                                                    3.3776255
## Railroad crossing-On-ramp entry                                       12.5945454
## Related to intersection-On-ramp entry                                  4.2403688
## Shared-use paths or trails-On-ramp entry                              16.0184484
## T-intersection-On-ramp entry                                           8.3877592
## Traffic circle/roundabout-On-ramp entry                                3.9970506
## Underpass-On-ramp entry                                                3.9060626
## Y-intersection-On-ramp entry                                           4.6235018
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-On-ramp proper                           5.5467922
## Other-On-ramp proper                                                   4.2250944
## Railroad crossing-On-ramp proper                                      13.0785357
## Related to intersection-On-ramp proper                                 5.1204580
## Shared-use paths or trails-On-ramp proper                             16.4725260
## T-intersection-On-ramp proper                                          9.3148566
## Traffic circle/roundabout-On-ramp proper                               4.7416135
## Underpass-On-ramp proper                                               4.6727258
## Y-intersection-On-ramp proper                                          5.3345163
## Other-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                                    5.3946648
## Railroad crossing-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                       13.4572031
## Related to intersection-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                  6.3397781
## Shared-use paths or trails-On-ramp terminal on crossroad              16.7681361
## T-intersection-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                          10.6004504
## Traffic circle/roundabout-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                5.7323054
## Underpass-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                                5.7047671
## Y-intersection-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                           6.2592501
## Railroad crossing-Other                                               12.5225019
## Related to intersection-Other                                          3.9720748
## Shared-use paths or trails-Other                                      15.9592523
## T-intersection-Other                                                   8.0897799
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Other                                        3.8041314
## Underpass-Other                                                        3.7016772
## Y-intersection-Other                                                   4.4475030
## Related to intersection-Railroad crossing                             14.6389800
## Shared-use paths or trails-Railroad crossing                          20.7524051
## T-intersection-Railroad crossing                                      19.0162218
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Railroad crossing                           13.5191377
## Underpass-Railroad crossing                                           13.5991127
## Y-intersection-Railroad crossing                                      13.8581328
## Shared-use paths or trails-Related to intersection                    14.8131229
## T-intersection-Related to intersection                                 6.6663042
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Related to intersection                      2.5150567
## Underpass-Related to intersection                                      2.3992733
## Y-intersection-Related to intersection                                 3.1776745
## T-intersection-Shared-use paths or trails                             23.0146920
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Shared-use paths or trails                  17.4265259
## Underpass-Shared-use paths or trails                                  17.5236135
## Y-intersection-Shared-use paths or trails                             17.7339852
## Traffic circle/roundabout-T-intersection                              -2.1603927
## Underpass-T-intersection                                              -2.2944087
## Y-intersection-T-intersection                                         -1.4721912
## Underpass-Traffic circle/roundabout                                    4.9439492
## Y-intersection-Traffic circle/roundabout                               5.5748257
## Y-intersection-Underpass                                               5.2150425
##                                                                         p adj
## Alley intersection-                                                 1.0000000
## Bridge-                                                             1.0000000
## Bridge approach-                                                    1.0000000
## Driveway, private-                                                  1.0000000
## Driveway, public-                                                   0.0000000
## End or beginning-divided highway-                                   1.0000000
## Five point, or more-                                                1.0000000
## Four-way intersection-                                              0.0000000
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-                                 1.0000000
## No Special Feature-                                                 0.0000000
## Non-intersection median crossing-                                   1.0000000
## Off-ramp entry-                                                     1.0000000
## Off-ramp proper-                                                    1.0000000
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-                                     1.0000000
## On-ramp entry-                                                      1.0000000
## On-ramp proper-                                                     1.0000000
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-                                      1.0000000
## Other-                                                              1.0000000
## Railroad crossing-                                                  1.0000000
## Related to intersection-                                            0.9999777
## Shared-use paths or trails-                                         1.0000000
## T-intersection-                                                     0.0000001
## Traffic circle/roundabout-                                          1.0000000
## Underpass-                                                          1.0000000
## Y-intersection-                                                     1.0000000
## Bridge-Alley intersection                                           1.0000000
## Bridge approach-Alley intersection                                  1.0000000
## Driveway, private-Alley intersection                                1.0000000
## Driveway, public-Alley intersection                                 0.0000361
## End or beginning-divided highway-Alley intersection                 1.0000000
## Five point, or more-Alley intersection                              1.0000000
## Four-way intersection-Alley intersection                            0.0000000
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Alley intersection               1.0000000
## No Special Feature-Alley intersection                               0.0000000
## Non-intersection median crossing-Alley intersection                 1.0000000
## Off-ramp entry-Alley intersection                                   1.0000000
## Off-ramp proper-Alley intersection                                  1.0000000
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Alley intersection                   1.0000000
## On-ramp entry-Alley intersection                                    1.0000000
## On-ramp proper-Alley intersection                                   1.0000000
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Alley intersection                    1.0000000
## Other-Alley intersection                                            1.0000000
## Railroad crossing-Alley intersection                                1.0000000
## Related to intersection-Alley intersection                          1.0000000
## Shared-use paths or trails-Alley intersection                       1.0000000
## T-intersection-Alley intersection                                   0.0400743
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Alley intersection                        1.0000000
## Underpass-Alley intersection                                        1.0000000
## Y-intersection-Alley intersection                                   1.0000000
## Bridge approach-Bridge                                              1.0000000
## Driveway, private-Bridge                                            1.0000000
## Driveway, public-Bridge                                             0.0000000
## End or beginning-divided highway-Bridge                             1.0000000
## Five point, or more-Bridge                                          1.0000000
## Four-way intersection-Bridge                                        0.0000000
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Bridge                           1.0000000
## No Special Feature-Bridge                                           0.0000000
## Non-intersection median crossing-Bridge                             1.0000000
## Off-ramp entry-Bridge                                               1.0000000
## Off-ramp proper-Bridge                                              1.0000000
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Bridge                               1.0000000
## On-ramp entry-Bridge                                                0.9999999
## On-ramp proper-Bridge                                               0.9999960
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Bridge                                1.0000000
## Other-Bridge                                                        0.9999998
## Railroad crossing-Bridge                                            1.0000000
## Related to intersection-Bridge                                      1.0000000
## Shared-use paths or trails-Bridge                                   1.0000000
## T-intersection-Bridge                                               0.0000001
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Bridge                                    0.9999990
## Underpass-Bridge                                                    0.9999998
## Y-intersection-Bridge                                               1.0000000
## Driveway, private-Bridge approach                                   1.0000000
## Driveway, public-Bridge approach                                    0.0000001
## End or beginning-divided highway-Bridge approach                    1.0000000
## Five point, or more-Bridge approach                                 1.0000000
## Four-way intersection-Bridge approach                               0.0000000
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Bridge approach                  1.0000000
## No Special Feature-Bridge approach                                  0.0000000
## Non-intersection median crossing-Bridge approach                    1.0000000
## Off-ramp entry-Bridge approach                                      1.0000000
## Off-ramp proper-Bridge approach                                     1.0000000
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Bridge approach                      1.0000000
## On-ramp entry-Bridge approach                                       1.0000000
## On-ramp proper-Bridge approach                                      1.0000000
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Bridge approach                       1.0000000
## Other-Bridge approach                                               1.0000000
## Railroad crossing-Bridge approach                                   1.0000000
## Related to intersection-Bridge approach                             0.9999964
## Shared-use paths or trails-Bridge approach                          1.0000000
## T-intersection-Bridge approach                                      0.0010312
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Bridge approach                           1.0000000
## Underpass-Bridge approach                                           1.0000000
## Y-intersection-Bridge approach                                      1.0000000
## Driveway, public-Driveway, private                                  0.0000000
## End or beginning-divided highway-Driveway, private                  1.0000000
## Five point, or more-Driveway, private                               1.0000000
## Four-way intersection-Driveway, private                             0.0000000
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Driveway, private                1.0000000
## No Special Feature-Driveway, private                                0.0000000
## Non-intersection median crossing-Driveway, private                  1.0000000
## Off-ramp entry-Driveway, private                                    1.0000000
## Off-ramp proper-Driveway, private                                   1.0000000
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Driveway, private                    1.0000000
## On-ramp entry-Driveway, private                                     1.0000000
## On-ramp proper-Driveway, private                                    1.0000000
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Driveway, private                     1.0000000
## Other-Driveway, private                                             1.0000000
## Railroad crossing-Driveway, private                                 1.0000000
## Related to intersection-Driveway, private                           0.9999990
## Shared-use paths or trails-Driveway, private                        1.0000000
## T-intersection-Driveway, private                                    0.0000000
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Driveway, private                         1.0000000
## Underpass-Driveway, private                                         1.0000000
## Y-intersection-Driveway, private                                    1.0000000
## End or beginning-divided highway-Driveway, public                   0.8168373
## Five point, or more-Driveway, public                                0.0050911
## Four-way intersection-Driveway, public                              0.0000000
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Driveway, public                 0.0000000
## No Special Feature-Driveway, public                                 0.0000000
## Non-intersection median crossing-Driveway, public                   0.0004964
## Off-ramp entry-Driveway, public                                     0.0000000
## Off-ramp proper-Driveway, public                                    0.0000000
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Driveway, public                     0.0000000
## On-ramp entry-Driveway, public                                      0.0000000
## On-ramp proper-Driveway, public                                     0.0000000
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Driveway, public                      0.0000001
## Other-Driveway, public                                              0.0000000
## Railroad crossing-Driveway, public                                  0.7795222
## Related to intersection-Driveway, public                            0.0000000
## Shared-use paths or trails-Driveway, public                         0.9743984
## T-intersection-Driveway, public                                     0.0001571
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Driveway, public                          0.0000000
## Underpass-Driveway, public                                          0.0000000
## Y-intersection-Driveway, public                                     0.0000000
## Five point, or more-End or beginning-divided highway                1.0000000
## Four-way intersection-End or beginning-divided highway              0.0153932
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-End or beginning-divided highway 1.0000000
## No Special Feature-End or beginning-divided highway                 0.0000000
## Non-intersection median crossing-End or beginning-divided highway   1.0000000
## Off-ramp entry-End or beginning-divided highway                     1.0000000
## Off-ramp proper-End or beginning-divided highway                    1.0000000
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-End or beginning-divided highway     1.0000000
## On-ramp entry-End or beginning-divided highway                      1.0000000
## On-ramp proper-End or beginning-divided highway                     1.0000000
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-End or beginning-divided highway      1.0000000
## Other-End or beginning-divided highway                              1.0000000
## Railroad crossing-End or beginning-divided highway                  1.0000000
## Related to intersection-End or beginning-divided highway            1.0000000
## Shared-use paths or trails-End or beginning-divided highway         1.0000000
## T-intersection-End or beginning-divided highway                     0.9948332
## Traffic circle/roundabout-End or beginning-divided highway          1.0000000
## Underpass-End or beginning-divided highway                          1.0000000
## Y-intersection-End or beginning-divided highway                     1.0000000
## Four-way intersection-Five point, or more                           0.0000000
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Five point, or more              1.0000000
## No Special Feature-Five point, or more                              0.0000000
## Non-intersection median crossing-Five point, or more                1.0000000
## Off-ramp entry-Five point, or more                                  1.0000000
## Off-ramp proper-Five point, or more                                 1.0000000
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Five point, or more                  1.0000000
## On-ramp entry-Five point, or more                                   1.0000000
## On-ramp proper-Five point, or more                                  1.0000000
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Five point, or more                   1.0000000
## Other-Five point, or more                                           1.0000000
## Railroad crossing-Five point, or more                               1.0000000
## Related to intersection-Five point, or more                         1.0000000
## Shared-use paths or trails-Five point, or more                      1.0000000
## T-intersection-Five point, or more                                  0.3169165
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Five point, or more                       1.0000000
## Underpass-Five point, or more                                       1.0000000
## Y-intersection-Five point, or more                                  1.0000000
## Merge lane between on and off ramp-Four-way intersection            0.0000000
## No Special Feature-Four-way intersection                            0.0000000
## Non-intersection median crossing-Four-way intersection              0.0000000
## Off-ramp entry-Four-way intersection                                0.0000000
## Off-ramp proper-Four-way intersection                               0.0000000
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Four-way intersection                0.0000000
## On-ramp entry-Four-way intersection                                 0.0000000
## On-ramp proper-Four-way intersection                                0.0000000
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Four-way intersection                 0.0000000
## Other-Four-way intersection                                         0.0000000
## Railroad crossing-Four-way intersection                             0.0086226
## Related to intersection-Four-way intersection                       0.0000000
## Shared-use paths or trails-Four-way intersection                    0.1659878
## T-intersection-Four-way intersection                                0.0000000
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Four-way intersection                     0.0000000
## Underpass-Four-way intersection                                     0.0000000
## Y-intersection-Four-way intersection                                0.0000000
## No Special Feature-Merge lane between on and off ramp               0.0000000
## Non-intersection median crossing-Merge lane between on and off ramp 1.0000000
## Off-ramp entry-Merge lane between on and off ramp                   1.0000000
## Off-ramp proper-Merge lane between on and off ramp                  1.0000000
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Merge lane between on and off ramp   1.0000000
## On-ramp entry-Merge lane between on and off ramp                    1.0000000
## On-ramp proper-Merge lane between on and off ramp                   1.0000000
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Merge lane between on and off ramp    1.0000000
## Other-Merge lane between on and off ramp                            1.0000000
## Railroad crossing-Merge lane between on and off ramp                1.0000000
## Related to intersection-Merge lane between on and off ramp          0.9999988
## Shared-use paths or trails-Merge lane between on and off ramp       1.0000000
## T-intersection-Merge lane between on and off ramp                   0.0001059
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Merge lane between on and off ramp        1.0000000
## Underpass-Merge lane between on and off ramp                        1.0000000
## Y-intersection-Merge lane between on and off ramp                   1.0000000
## Non-intersection median crossing-No Special Feature                 0.0000000
## Off-ramp entry-No Special Feature                                   0.0000000
## Off-ramp proper-No Special Feature                                  0.0000000
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-No Special Feature                   0.0000000
## On-ramp entry-No Special Feature                                    0.0000000
## On-ramp proper-No Special Feature                                   0.0000000
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-No Special Feature                    0.0000000
## Other-No Special Feature                                            0.0000000
## Railroad crossing-No Special Feature                                0.0000000
## Related to intersection-No Special Feature                          0.0000000
## Shared-use paths or trails-No Special Feature                       0.0000000
## T-intersection-No Special Feature                                   0.0000000
## Traffic circle/roundabout-No Special Feature                        0.0000000
## Underpass-No Special Feature                                        0.0000000
## Y-intersection-No Special Feature                                   0.0000000
## Off-ramp entry-Non-intersection median crossing                     1.0000000
## Off-ramp proper-Non-intersection median crossing                    1.0000000
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Non-intersection median crossing     1.0000000
## On-ramp entry-Non-intersection median crossing                      1.0000000
## On-ramp proper-Non-intersection median crossing                     1.0000000
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Non-intersection median crossing      1.0000000
## Other-Non-intersection median crossing                              1.0000000
## Railroad crossing-Non-intersection median crossing                  1.0000000
## Related to intersection-Non-intersection median crossing            1.0000000
## Shared-use paths or trails-Non-intersection median crossing         1.0000000
## T-intersection-Non-intersection median crossing                     0.1501082
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Non-intersection median crossing          1.0000000
## Underpass-Non-intersection median crossing                          1.0000000
## Y-intersection-Non-intersection median crossing                     1.0000000
## Off-ramp proper-Off-ramp entry                                      1.0000000
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp entry                       1.0000000
## On-ramp entry-Off-ramp entry                                        1.0000000
## On-ramp proper-Off-ramp entry                                       1.0000000
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp entry                        1.0000000
## Other-Off-ramp entry                                                1.0000000
## Railroad crossing-Off-ramp entry                                    1.0000000
## Related to intersection-Off-ramp entry                              0.9999994
## Shared-use paths or trails-Off-ramp entry                           1.0000000
## T-intersection-Off-ramp entry                                       0.0000000
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Off-ramp entry                            1.0000000
## Underpass-Off-ramp entry                                            1.0000000
## Y-intersection-Off-ramp entry                                       1.0000000
## Off-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp proper                      1.0000000
## On-ramp entry-Off-ramp proper                                       1.0000000
## On-ramp proper-Off-ramp proper                                      1.0000000
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp proper                       1.0000000
## Other-Off-ramp proper                                               1.0000000
## Railroad crossing-Off-ramp proper                                   1.0000000
## Related to intersection-Off-ramp proper                             0.9999984
## Shared-use paths or trails-Off-ramp proper                          1.0000000
## T-intersection-Off-ramp proper                                      0.0000000
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Off-ramp proper                           1.0000000
## Underpass-Off-ramp proper                                           1.0000000
## Y-intersection-Off-ramp proper                                      1.0000000
## On-ramp entry-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                        1.0000000
## On-ramp proper-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                       1.0000000
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad        1.0000000
## Other-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                                1.0000000
## Railroad crossing-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                    1.0000000
## Related to intersection-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad              0.9999993
## Shared-use paths or trails-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad           1.0000000
## T-intersection-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                       0.0000000
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad            1.0000000
## Underpass-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                            1.0000000
## Y-intersection-Off-ramp terminal on crossroad                       1.0000000
## On-ramp proper-On-ramp entry                                        1.0000000
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-On-ramp entry                         1.0000000
## Other-On-ramp entry                                                 1.0000000
## Railroad crossing-On-ramp entry                                     1.0000000
## Related to intersection-On-ramp entry                               0.9999298
## Shared-use paths or trails-On-ramp entry                            1.0000000
## T-intersection-On-ramp entry                                        0.0000000
## Traffic circle/roundabout-On-ramp entry                             1.0000000
## Underpass-On-ramp entry                                             1.0000000
## Y-intersection-On-ramp entry                                        1.0000000
## On-ramp terminal on crossroad-On-ramp proper                        1.0000000
## Other-On-ramp proper                                                1.0000000
## Railroad crossing-On-ramp proper                                    1.0000000
## Related to intersection-On-ramp proper                              0.9994958
## Shared-use paths or trails-On-ramp proper                           1.0000000
## T-intersection-On-ramp proper                                       0.0000001
## Traffic circle/roundabout-On-ramp proper                            1.0000000
## Underpass-On-ramp proper                                            1.0000000
## Y-intersection-On-ramp proper                                       1.0000000
## Other-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                                 1.0000000
## Railroad crossing-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                     1.0000000
## Related to intersection-On-ramp terminal on crossroad               0.9999980
## Shared-use paths or trails-On-ramp terminal on crossroad            1.0000000
## T-intersection-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                        0.0012074
## Traffic circle/roundabout-On-ramp terminal on crossroad             1.0000000
## Underpass-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                             1.0000000
## Y-intersection-On-ramp terminal on crossroad                        1.0000000
## Railroad crossing-Other                                             1.0000000
## Related to intersection-Other                                       0.9997476
## Shared-use paths or trails-Other                                    1.0000000
## T-intersection-Other                                                0.0000000
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Other                                     1.0000000
## Underpass-Other                                                     1.0000000
## Y-intersection-Other                                                1.0000000
## Related to intersection-Railroad crossing                           1.0000000
## Shared-use paths or trails-Railroad crossing                        1.0000000
## T-intersection-Railroad crossing                                    0.9937345
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Railroad crossing                         1.0000000
## Underpass-Railroad crossing                                         1.0000000
## Y-intersection-Railroad crossing                                    1.0000000
## Shared-use paths or trails-Related to intersection                  1.0000000
## T-intersection-Related to intersection                              0.0000000
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Related to intersection                   0.9998720
## Underpass-Related to intersection                                   0.9999413
## Y-intersection-Related to intersection                              0.9999989
## T-intersection-Shared-use paths or trails                           0.9997692
## Traffic circle/roundabout-Shared-use paths or trails                1.0000000
## Underpass-Shared-use paths or trails                                1.0000000
## Y-intersection-Shared-use paths or trails                           1.0000000
## Traffic circle/roundabout-T-intersection                            0.0000023
## Underpass-T-intersection                                            0.0000003
## Y-intersection-T-intersection                                       0.0002258
## Underpass-Traffic circle/roundabout                                 1.0000000
## Y-intersection-Traffic circle/roundabout                            1.0000000
## Y-intersection-Underpass                                            1.0000000

Is there a significant difference between the amount of crashes per each alcohol result type?

crashes_alcohol= crashes %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  filter(AlcoholResultType != "Unknown", AlcoholResultType != "NA") %>%
  group_by(Date, AlcoholResultType) %>%
  summarize(count = length(key_crash))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'Date'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
anova_alcohol = aov(count ~ AlcoholResultType, data = crashes_alcohol)
summary(anova_alcohol)
##                     Df   Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## AlcoholResultType    6 13089255 2181543    3104 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals         6514  4578031     703                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
TukeyHSD(anova_alcohol)
##   Tukey multiple comparisons of means
##     95% family-wise confidence level
## 
## Fit: aov(formula = count ~ AlcoholResultType, data = crashes_alcohol)
## 
## $AlcoholResultType
##                                                                 diff
## Alcohol (percent BAC)-                                 -4.931582e+01
## Contaminated sample/unusable-                          -4.982957e+01
## No alcohol or other drugs-                             -4.980996e+01
## No test-                                                6.229399e+01
## Other drugs reported-                                  -4.982957e+01
## Pending-                                               -4.951033e+01
## Contaminated sample/unusable-Alcohol (percent BAC)     -5.137525e-01
## No alcohol or other drugs-Alcohol (percent BAC)        -4.941446e-01
## No test-Alcohol (percent BAC)                           1.116098e+02
## Other drugs reported-Alcohol (percent BAC)             -5.137525e-01
## Pending-Alcohol (percent BAC)                          -1.945164e-01
## No alcohol or other drugs-Contaminated sample/unusable  1.960784e-02
## No test-Contaminated sample/unusable                    1.121236e+02
## Other drugs reported-Contaminated sample/unusable      -1.534772e-11
## Pending-Contaminated sample/unusable                    3.192360e-01
## No test-No alcohol or other drugs                       1.121040e+02
## Other drugs reported-No alcohol or other drugs         -1.960784e-02
## Pending-No alcohol or other drugs                       2.996282e-01
## Other drugs reported-No test                           -1.121236e+02
## Pending-No test                                        -1.118043e+02
## Pending-Other drugs reported                            3.192360e-01
##                                                                lwr         upr
## Alcohol (percent BAC)-                                  -52.250008  -46.381626
## Contaminated sample/unusable-                          -105.138625    5.479486
## No alcohol or other drugs-                              -60.876435  -38.743489
## No test-                                                 60.011629   64.576355
## Other drugs reported-                                   -66.212062  -33.447077
## Pending-                                                -52.818544  -46.202123
## Contaminated sample/unusable-Alcohol (percent BAC)      -55.853538   54.826033
## No alcohol or other drugs-Alcohol (percent BAC)         -11.713196   10.724907
## No test-Alcohol (percent BAC)                           108.675619  114.544000
## Other drugs reported-Alcohol (percent BAC)              -16.999697   15.972192
## Pending-Alcohol (percent BAC)                            -3.981936    3.592904
## No alcohol or other drugs-Contaminated sample/unusable  -56.339502   56.378717
## No test-Contaminated sample/unusable                     56.814507  167.432617
## Other drugs reported-Contaminated sample/unusable       -57.639123   57.639123
## Pending-Contaminated sample/unusable                    -55.041641   55.680113
## No test-No alcohol or other drugs                       101.037481  123.170427
## Other drugs reported-No alcohol or other drugs          -19.657421   19.618206
## Pending-No alcohol or other drugs                       -11.023000   11.622256
## Other drugs reported-No test                           -128.506055  -95.741069
## Pending-No test                                        -115.112536 -108.496116
## Pending-Other drugs reported                            -16.237368   16.875840
##                                                            p adj
## Alcohol (percent BAC)-                                 0.0000000
## Contaminated sample/unusable-                          0.1095675
## No alcohol or other drugs-                             0.0000000
## No test-                                               0.0000000
## Other drugs reported-                                  0.0000000
## Pending-                                               0.0000000
## Contaminated sample/unusable-Alcohol (percent BAC)     1.0000000
## No alcohol or other drugs-Alcohol (percent BAC)        0.9999996
## No test-Alcohol (percent BAC)                          0.0000000
## Other drugs reported-Alcohol (percent BAC)             0.9999999
## Pending-Alcohol (percent BAC)                          0.9999990
## No alcohol or other drugs-Contaminated sample/unusable 1.0000000
## No test-Contaminated sample/unusable                   0.0000000
## Other drugs reported-Contaminated sample/unusable      1.0000000
## Pending-Contaminated sample/unusable                   1.0000000
## No test-No alcohol or other drugs                      0.0000000
## Other drugs reported-No alcohol or other drugs         1.0000000
## Pending-No alcohol or other drugs                      1.0000000
## Other drugs reported-No test                           0.0000000
## Pending-No test                                        0.0000000
## Pending-Other drugs reported                           1.0000000

Is there a significant difference between the amount of crashes per each month?

crashes_month = crashes %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  filter(Crash_Date_Month != "Unknown", Crash_Date_Month != "NA") %>%
  group_by(Date, Crash_Date_Month) %>%
  summarize(count = length(key_crash))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'Date'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
anova_month = aov(count ~ Crash_Date_Month, data = crashes_month)
summary(anova_month)
##                    Df  Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
## Crash_Date_Month   11  256322   23302   7.209 3.35e-12 ***
## Residuals        2392 7731771    3232                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
TukeyHSD(anova_month)
##   Tukey multiple comparisons of means
##     95% family-wise confidence level
## 
## Fit: aov(formula = count ~ Crash_Date_Month, data = crashes_month)
## 
## $Crash_Date_Month
##                           diff        lwr         upr     p adj
## August-April        13.6997770  -4.772870 32.17242362 0.3885855
## December-April      19.3489917   0.876345 37.82163828 0.0305358
## February-April       7.5958606 -10.561728 25.75344878 0.9693323
## January-April       -2.2010048 -19.956322 15.55431216 0.9999997
## July-April           0.2652220 -18.207425 18.73786865 1.0000000
## June-April           1.7834334 -16.847513 20.41438013 1.0000000
## March-April          1.4131632 -16.361819 19.18814515 1.0000000
## May-April            2.9082492 -14.906533 20.72303088 0.9999952
## November-April      23.7347848   5.103838 42.36573148 0.0018930
## October-April       31.6474210  13.174774 50.12006760 0.0000015
## September-April     12.6753253  -5.955621 31.30627202 0.5309843
## December-August      5.6492147 -13.382319 24.68074848 0.9982513
## February-August     -6.1039164 -24.829797 12.62196448 0.9959697
## January-August     -15.9007818 -34.236863  2.43529975 0.1652647
## July-August        -13.4345550 -32.466089  5.59697885 0.4701429
## June-August        -11.9163436 -31.101567  7.26887943 0.6714751
## March-August       -12.2866138 -30.641738  6.06851054 0.5572943
## May-August         -10.7915278 -29.185197  7.60214102 0.7472507
## November-August     10.0350078  -9.150215 29.22023078 0.8634162
## October-August      17.9476440  -1.083890 36.97917780 0.0864152
## September-August    -1.0244517 -20.209675 18.16077132 1.0000000
## February-December  -11.7531311 -30.479012  6.97274982 0.6564296
## January-December   -21.5499965 -39.886078 -3.21391491 0.0069044
## July-December      -19.0837696 -38.115303 -0.05223581 0.0486378
## June-December      -17.5655582 -36.750781  1.61966477 0.1104807
## March-December     -17.9358285 -36.290953  0.41929588 0.0626452
## May-December       -16.4407425 -34.834411  1.95292636 0.1330429
## November-December    4.3857931 -14.799430 23.57101612 0.9998537
## October-December    12.2984293  -6.733104 31.32996314 0.6127611
## September-December  -6.6736663 -25.858889 12.51155666 0.9929542
## January-February    -9.7968654 -27.815501  8.22177008 0.8297806
## July-February       -7.3306385 -26.056519 11.39524238 0.9815400
## June-February       -5.8124271 -24.694485 13.06963097 0.9975715
## March-February      -6.1826974 -24.220711 11.85531601 0.9937830
## May-February        -4.6876114 -22.764845 13.38962264 0.9995037
## November-February   16.1389242  -2.743134 35.02098232 0.1821578
## October-February    24.0515604   5.325679 42.77744133 0.0016387
## September-February   5.0794648 -13.802593 23.96152286 0.9992973
## July-January         2.4662268 -15.869855 20.80230841 0.9999994
## June-January         3.9844382 -14.511112 22.47998877 0.9999187
## March-January        3.6141680 -14.018846 21.24718244 0.9999506
## May-January          5.1092540 -12.563880 22.78238788 0.9986265
## November-January    25.9357896   7.440239 44.43134012 0.0002949
## October-January     33.8484258  15.512344 52.18450737 0.0000001
## September-January   14.8763301  -3.619220 33.37188066 0.2626764
## June-July            1.5182114 -17.667012 20.70343440 1.0000000
## March-July           1.1479411 -17.207183 19.50306552 1.0000000
## May-July             2.6430271 -15.750642 21.03669599 0.9999987
## November-July       23.4695628   4.284340 42.65478575 0.0037338
## October-July        31.3821990  12.350665 50.41373277 0.0000049
## September-July      12.4101033  -6.775120 31.59532629 0.6112297
## March-June          -0.3702703 -18.884700 18.14415905 1.0000000
## May-June             1.1248157 -17.427827 19.67745856 1.0000000
## November-June       21.9513514   2.613661 41.28904209 0.0112753
## October-June        29.8639875  10.678765 49.04921054 0.0000246
## September-June      10.8918919  -8.445799 30.22958263 0.7942234
## May-March            1.4950860 -16.197804 19.18797626 1.0000000
## November-March      22.3216216   3.807192 40.83605094 0.0046979
## October-March       30.2342578  11.879133 48.58938220 0.0000051
## September-March     11.2621622  -7.252267 29.77659148 0.7005106
## November-May        20.8265356   2.273893 39.37917846 0.0130943
## October-May         28.7391718  10.345503 47.13284069 0.0000223
## September-May        9.7670762  -8.785567 28.31971900 0.8581789
## October-November     7.9126362 -11.272587 27.09785919 0.9724270
## September-November -11.0594595 -30.397150  8.27823128 0.7773790
## September-October  -18.9720957 -38.157319  0.21312734 0.0558494

Is there a significant difference between the amount of crashes per each airbag deploy?

crashes_airbag = crashes %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  filter(AirbagDeployed != "Unknown", AirbagDeployed != "NA") %>%
  group_by(Date, AirbagDeployed) %>%
  summarize(count = length(key_crash))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'Date'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
anova_airbag = aov(count ~ AirbagDeployed, data = crashes_airbag)
summary(anova_airbag)
##                   Df   Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## AirbagDeployed     5 26824461 5364892   14435 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals      12993  4828876     372                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
TukeyHSD(anova_airbag)
##   Tukey multiple comparisons of means
##     95% family-wise confidence level
## 
## Fit: aov(formula = count ~ AirbagDeployed, data = crashes_airbag)
## 
## $AirbagDeployed
##                                                   diff        lwr        upr
## Deployed both front and side-               -10.866760 -12.574753  -9.158766
## Deployed front-                              -5.959516  -7.568467  -4.350566
## Deployed side-                              -11.496703 -13.211207  -9.782199
## No Air Bag(s)-                               -3.967805  -5.579382  -2.356227
## Not deployed-                               111.653065 110.048599 113.257531
## Deployed front-Deployed both front and side   4.907243   3.195518   6.618969
## Deployed side-Deployed both front and side   -0.629943  -2.441243   1.181357
## No Air Bag(s)-Deployed both front and side    6.898955   5.184760   8.613150
## Not deployed-Deployed both front and side   122.519825 120.812314 124.227336
## Deployed side-Deployed front                 -5.537186  -7.255408  -3.818964
## No Air Bag(s)-Deployed front                  1.991712   0.376179   3.607244
## Not deployed-Deployed front                 117.612582 116.004143 119.221020
## No Air Bag(s)-Deployed side                   7.528898   5.808216   9.249580
## Not deployed-Deployed side                  123.149768 121.435744 124.863792
## Not deployed-No Air Bag(s)                  115.620870 114.009803 117.231937
##                                                 p adj
## Deployed both front and side-               0.0000000
## Deployed front-                             0.0000000
## Deployed side-                              0.0000000
## No Air Bag(s)-                              0.0000000
## Not deployed-                               0.0000000
## Deployed front-Deployed both front and side 0.0000000
## Deployed side-Deployed both front and side  0.9209063
## No Air Bag(s)-Deployed both front and side  0.0000000
## Not deployed-Deployed both front and side   0.0000000
## Deployed side-Deployed front                0.0000000
## No Air Bag(s)-Deployed front                0.0059146
## Not deployed-Deployed front                 0.0000000
## No Air Bag(s)-Deployed side                 0.0000000
## Not deployed-Deployed side                  0.0000000
## Not deployed-No Air Bag(s)                  0.0000000

Is there a significant difference between the amount of crashes per each protection?

crashes_protection = crashes %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  filter(Protection != "Unknown", Protection != "NA", 
         Protection != "Unable to determine") %>%
  group_by(Date, Protection) %>%
  summarize(count = length(key_crash))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'Date'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
anova_protection = aov(count ~ Protection, data = crashes_protection)
summary(anova_protection)
##                Df   Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## Protection     10 29499892 2949989    7577 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals   12575  4895868     389                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
TukeyHSD(anova_protection)
##   Tukey multiple comparisons of means
##     95% family-wise confidence level
## 
## Fit: aov(formula = count ~ Protection, data = crashes_protection)
## 
## $Protection
##                                                                      diff
## Child Restraint-                                              -9.30645614
## Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)-                       -13.39640634
## Lap belt only-                                               -12.74690579
## Lighting-                                                    -13.62353053
## None used-                                                    -8.18641373
## Other*-                                                      -12.93278405
## Protective pads-                                             -13.73464164
## Reflective clothing-                                         -13.64089164
## Shoulder and lap belt-                                       115.63961241
## Shoulder belt only-                                          -12.92298623
## Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)-Child Restraint         -4.08995021
## Lap belt only-Child Restraint                                 -3.44044965
## Lighting-Child Restraint                                      -4.31707439
## None used-Child Restraint                                      1.12004240
## Other*-Child Restraint                                        -3.62632792
## Protective pads-Child Restraint                               -4.42818550
## Reflective clothing-Child Restraint                           -4.33443550
## Shoulder and lap belt-Child Restraint                        124.94606855
## Shoulder belt only-Child Restraint                            -3.61653010
## Lap belt only-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)            0.64950055
## Lighting-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)                -0.22712418
## None used-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)                5.20999261
## Other*-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)                   0.46362229
## Protective pads-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)         -0.33823529
## Reflective clothing-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)     -0.24448529
## Shoulder and lap belt-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)  129.03601876
## Shoulder belt only-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)       0.47342011
## Lighting-Lap belt only                                        -0.87662474
## None used-Lap belt only                                        4.56049206
## Other*-Lap belt only                                          -0.18587826
## Protective pads-Lap belt only                                 -0.98773585
## Reflective clothing-Lap belt only                             -0.89398585
## Shoulder and lap belt-Lap belt only                          128.38651820
## Shoulder belt only-Lap belt only                              -0.17608044
## None used-Lighting                                             5.43711679
## Other*-Lighting                                                0.69074647
## Protective pads-Lighting                                      -0.11111111
## Reflective clothing-Lighting                                  -0.01736111
## Shoulder and lap belt-Lighting                               129.26314294
## Shoulder belt only-Lighting                                    0.70054429
## Other*-None used                                              -4.74637032
## Protective pads-None used                                     -5.54822790
## Reflective clothing-None used                                 -5.45447790
## Shoulder and lap belt-None used                              123.82602614
## Shoulder belt only-None used                                  -4.73657250
## Protective pads-Other*                                        -0.80185759
## Reflective clothing-Other*                                    -0.70810759
## Shoulder and lap belt-Other*                                 128.57239646
## Shoulder belt only-Other*                                      0.00979782
## Reflective clothing-Protective pads                            0.09375000
## Shoulder and lap belt-Protective pads                        129.37425405
## Shoulder belt only-Protective pads                             0.81165541
## Shoulder and lap belt-Reflective clothing                    129.28050405
## Shoulder belt only-Reflective clothing                         0.71790541
## Shoulder belt only-Shoulder and lap belt                    -128.56259864
##                                                                      lwr
## Child Restraint-                                             -11.1874311
## Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)-                       -15.9782822
## Lap belt only-                                               -15.0980471
## Lighting-                                                    -34.8377277
## None used-                                                   -10.0656546
## Other*-                                                      -16.7028343
## Protective pads-                                             -27.3407186
## Reflective clothing-                                         -24.9462705
## Shoulder and lap belt-                                       113.7845467
## Shoulder belt only-                                          -15.1877626
## Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)-Child Restraint         -6.6902219
## Lap belt only-Child Restraint                                 -5.8117775
## Lighting-Child Restraint                                     -25.5335183
## None used-Child Restraint                                     -0.7843936
## Other*-Child Restraint                                        -7.4090001
## Protective pads-Child Restraint                              -18.0377652
## Reflective clothing-Child Restraint                          -15.6440297
## Shoulder and lap belt-Child Restraint                        123.0654838
## Shoulder belt only-Child Restraint                            -5.9022559
## Lap belt only-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)           -2.3087442
## Lighting-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)               -21.5171572
## None used-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)                2.6109750
## Other*-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)                  -3.7120962
## Protective pads-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)        -14.0622535
## Reflective clothing-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)    -11.6915346
## Shoulder and lap belt-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)  126.4544271
## Shoulder belt only-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)      -2.4166592
## Lighting-Lap belt only                                       -22.1399098
## None used-Lap belt only                                        2.1905394
## Other*-Lap belt only                                          -4.2230069
## Protective pads-Lap belt only                                -14.6702231
## Reflective clothing-Lap belt only                            -12.2912101
## Shoulder and lap belt-Lap belt only                          126.0356890
## Shoulder belt only-Lap belt only                              -2.8620330
## None used-Lighting                                           -15.7791734
## Other*-Lighting                                              -20.7758020
## Protective pads-Lighting                                     -25.2452463
## Reflective clothing-Lighting                                 -23.9842344
## Shoulder and lap belt-Lighting                               108.0489804
## Shoulder belt only-Lighting                                  -20.5533645
## Other*-None used                                              -8.5281806
## Protective pads-None used                                    -19.1575680
## Reflective clothing-None used                                -16.7637839
## Shoulder and lap belt-None used                              121.9471757
## Shoulder belt only-None used                                  -7.0208715
## Protective pads-Other*                                       -14.7981382
## Reflective clothing-Other*                                   -12.4801989
## Shoulder and lap belt-Other*                                 124.8025408
## Shoulder belt only-Other*                                     -3.9776518
## Reflective clothing-Protective pads                          -17.4986968
## Shoulder and lap belt-Protective pads                        115.7682311
## Shoulder belt only-Protective pads                           -12.8562561
## Shoulder and lap belt-Reflective clothing                    117.9751901
## Shoulder belt only-Reflective clothing                       -10.6618163
## Shoulder belt only-Shoulder and lap belt                    -130.8270510
##                                                                      upr
## Child Restraint-                                              -7.4254812
## Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)-                       -10.8145305
## Lap belt only-                                               -10.3957645
## Lighting-                                                      7.5906666
## None used-                                                    -6.3071728
## Other*-                                                       -9.1627338
## Protective pads-                                              -0.1285647
## Reflective clothing-                                          -2.3355128
## Shoulder and lap belt-                                       117.4946782
## Shoulder belt only-                                          -10.6582098
## Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)-Child Restraint         -1.4896785
## Lap belt only-Child Restraint                                 -1.0691218
## Lighting-Child Restraint                                      16.8993695
## None used-Child Restraint                                      3.0244784
## Other*-Child Restraint                                         0.1563443
## Protective pads-Child Restraint                                9.1813942
## Reflective clothing-Child Restraint                            6.9751587
## Shoulder and lap belt-Child Restraint                        126.8266533
## Shoulder belt only-Child Restraint                            -1.3308043
## Lap belt only-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)            3.6077453
## Lighting-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)                21.0629089
## None used-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)                7.8090103
## Other*-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)                   4.6393408
## Protective pads-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)         13.3857829
## Reflective clothing-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)     11.2025640
## Shoulder and lap belt-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)  131.6176104
## Shoulder belt only-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)       3.3634994
## Lighting-Lap belt only                                        20.3866603
## None used-Lap belt only                                        6.9304447
## Other*-Lap belt only                                           3.8512504
## Protective pads-Lap belt only                                 12.6947514
## Reflective clothing-Lap belt only                             10.5032384
## Shoulder and lap belt-Lap belt only                          130.7373474
## Shoulder belt only-Lap belt only                               2.5098721
## None used-Lighting                                            26.6534070
## Other*-Lighting                                               22.1572950
## Protective pads-Lighting                                      25.0230241
## Reflective clothing-Lighting                                  23.9495122
## Shoulder and lap belt-Lighting                               150.4773055
## Shoulder belt only-Lighting                                   21.9544530
## Other*-None used                                              -0.9645601
## Protective pads-None used                                      8.0611122
## Reflective clothing-None used                                  5.8548281
## Shoulder and lap belt-None used                              125.7048766
## Shoulder belt only-None used                                  -2.4522735
## Protective pads-Other*                                        13.1944230
## Reflective clothing-Other*                                    11.0639837
## Shoulder and lap belt-Other*                                 132.3422521
## Shoulder belt only-Other*                                      3.9972474
## Reflective clothing-Protective pads                           17.6861968
## Shoulder and lap belt-Protective pads                        142.9802770
## Shoulder belt only-Protective pads                            14.4795669
## Shoulder and lap belt-Reflective clothing                    140.5858180
## Shoulder belt only-Reflective clothing                        12.0976271
## Shoulder belt only-Shoulder and lap belt                    -126.2981463
##                                                                 p adj
## Child Restraint-                                            0.0000000
## Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)-                      0.0000000
## Lap belt only-                                              0.0000000
## Lighting-                                                   0.6009178
## None used-                                                  0.0000000
## Other*-                                                     0.0000000
## Protective pads-                                            0.0455434
## Reflective clothing-                                        0.0049147
## Shoulder and lap belt-                                      0.0000000
## Shoulder belt only-                                         0.0000000
## Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)-Child Restraint       0.0000225
## Lap belt only-Child Restraint                               0.0001598
## Lighting-Child Restraint                                    0.9998960
## None used-Child Restraint                                   0.7219609
## Other*-Child Restraint                                      0.0740714
## Protective pads-Child Restraint                             0.9939221
## Reflective clothing-Child Restraint                         0.9787243
## Shoulder and lap belt-Child Restraint                       0.0000000
## Shoulder belt only-Child Restraint                          0.0000192
## Lap belt only-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)         0.9997919
## Lighting-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)              1.0000000
## None used-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)             0.0000000
## Other*-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)                0.9999997
## Protective pads-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)       1.0000000
## Reflective clothing-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)   1.0000000
## Shoulder and lap belt-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist) 0.0000000
## Shoulder belt only-Helmet (Motorcyclist or Non-Motorist)    0.9999862
## Lighting-Lap belt only                                      1.0000000
## None used-Lap belt only                                     0.0000000
## Other*-Lap belt only                                        1.0000000
## Protective pads-Lap belt only                               1.0000000
## Reflective clothing-Lap belt only                           1.0000000
## Shoulder and lap belt-Lap belt only                         0.0000000
## Shoulder belt only-Lap belt only                            1.0000000
## None used-Lighting                                          0.9991774
## Other*-Lighting                                             1.0000000
## Protective pads-Lighting                                    1.0000000
## Reflective clothing-Lighting                                1.0000000
## Shoulder and lap belt-Lighting                              0.0000000
## Shoulder belt only-Lighting                                 1.0000000
## Other*-None used                                            0.0026334
## Protective pads-None used                                   0.9669451
## Reflective clothing-None used                               0.9016902
## Shoulder and lap belt-None used                             0.0000000
## Shoulder belt only-None used                                0.0000000
## Protective pads-Other*                                      1.0000000
## Reflective clothing-Other*                                  1.0000000
## Shoulder and lap belt-Other*                                0.0000000
## Shoulder belt only-Other*                                   1.0000000
## Reflective clothing-Protective pads                         1.0000000
## Shoulder and lap belt-Protective pads                       0.0000000
## Shoulder belt only-Protective pads                          1.0000000
## Shoulder and lap belt-Reflective clothing                   0.0000000
## Shoulder belt only-Reflective clothing                      1.0000000
## Shoulder belt only-Shoulder and lap belt                    0.0000000

Is there a significant difference between the amount of crashes per each contributing circumstance?

crashes_contributing = crashes %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  filter(ContributingCircumstance1 != "Unknown", 
         ContributingCircumstance1 != "NA") %>%
  group_by(Date, ContributingCircumstance1) %>%
  summarize(count = length(key_crash))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'Date'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
anova_contributing = aov(count ~ ContributingCircumstance1, 
                         data = crashes_contributing)
summary(anova_contributing)
##                              Df  Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## ContributingCircumstance1    38 9497891  249944    4809 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals                 39578 2057039      52                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
TukeyHSD(anova_contributing)
##   Tukey multiple comparisons of means
##     95% family-wise confidence level
## 
## Fit: aov(formula = count ~ ContributingCircumstance1, data = crashes_contributing)
## 
## $ContributingCircumstance1
##                                                                                                                                                                              diff
## Alcohol use-                                                                                                                                                        -4.186404e+01
## Crossed centerline/going wrong way-                                                                                                                                 -4.194891e+01
## Disregarded other traffic signs-                                                                                                                                    -4.213567e+01
## Disregarded road markings-                                                                                                                                          -4.199926e+01
## Disregarded stop sign-                                                                                                                                              -4.201114e+01
## Disregarded traffic signals-                                                                                                                                        -4.113259e+01
## Disregarded yield sign-                                                                                                                                             -4.216929e+01
## Driver distracted-                                                                                                                                                  -4.208952e+01
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-                                                                                   -4.218193e+01
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-                                                                                                        -4.219304e+01
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-                                                                                 -4.217856e+01
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-                                                                                                                      -4.218025e+01
## Drug use-                                                                                                                                                           -4.213718e+01
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-                                                                                                                                    -4.198150e+01
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-                                                                                                                                 -3.940365e+01
## Failed to yield right of way-                                                                                                                                       -3.608453e+01
## Failure to reduce speed-                                                                                                                                            -2.414137e+01
## Followed too closely-                                                                                                                                               -4.173234e+01
## Improper backing-                                                                                                                                                   -3.700726e+01
## Improper lane change-                                                                                                                                               -3.898587e+01
## Improper or no signal-                                                                                                                                              -4.219284e+01
## Improper parking-                                                                                                                                                   -4.098876e+01
## Improper turn-                                                                                                                                                      -4.034767e+01
## Inattention-                                                                                                                                                        -3.581433e+01
## No contributing circumstances indicated-                                                                                                                             1.336070e+01
## Operated defective equipment-                                                                                                                                       -4.201979e+01
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-                                                                                   -4.169640e+01
## Other improper passing-                                                                                                                                             -4.187268e+01
## Other*-                                                                                                                                                             -4.133587e+01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-                                                                                                                                          -4.172774e+01
## Passed on curve-                                                                                                                                                    -4.221304e+01
## Passed on hill-                                                                                                                                                     -4.221304e+01
## Passed stopped school bus-                                                                                                                                          -4.221304e+01
## Right turn on red-                                                                                                                                                  -4.216724e+01
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-                                                                                    -4.173778e+01
## Unable to determine-                                                                                                                                                -3.777702e+01
## Use of improper lane-                                                                                                                                               -4.193726e+01
## Visibility obstructed-                                                                                                                                              -4.207772e+01
## Crossed centerline/going wrong way-Alcohol use                                                                                                                      -8.487341e-02
## Disregarded other traffic signs-Alcohol use                                                                                                                         -2.716373e-01
## Disregarded road markings-Alcohol use                                                                                                                               -1.352203e-01
## Disregarded stop sign-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                   -1.471042e-01
## Disregarded traffic signals-Alcohol use                                                                                                                              7.314463e-01
## Disregarded yield sign-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                  -3.052512e-01
## Driver distracted-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                       -2.254857e-01
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Alcohol use                                                                        -3.178901e-01
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Alcohol use                                                                                             -3.290012e-01
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Alcohol use                                                                      -3.145184e-01
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Alcohol use                                                                                                           -3.162143e-01
## Drug use-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                                -2.731391e-01
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Alcohol use                                                                                                                         -1.174671e-01
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Alcohol use                                                                                                                       2.460391e+00
## Failed to yield right of way-Alcohol use                                                                                                                             5.779502e+00
## Failure to reduce speed-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                  1.772267e+01
## Followed too closely-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                     1.317006e-01
## Improper backing-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                         4.856780e+00
## Improper lane change-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                     2.878169e+00
## Improper or no signal-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                   -3.287992e-01
## Improper parking-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                         8.752732e-01
## Improper turn-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                            1.516365e+00
## Inattention-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                              6.049711e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Alcohol use                                                                                                                  5.522474e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Alcohol use                                                                                                                            -1.557496e-01
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Alcohol use                                                                         1.676391e-01
## Other improper passing-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                  -8.646408e-03
## Other*-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                                   5.281700e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                1.362929e-01
## Passed on curve-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                         -3.490012e-01
## Passed on hill-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                          -3.490012e-01
## Passed stopped school bus-Alcohol use                                                                                                                               -3.490012e-01
## Right turn on red-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                       -3.031996e-01
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Alcohol use                                                                          1.262566e-01
## Unable to determine-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                      4.087013e+00
## Use of improper lane-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                    -7.322478e-02
## Visibility obstructed-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                   -2.136876e-01
## Disregarded other traffic signs-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                  -1.867639e-01
## Disregarded road markings-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                        -5.034685e-02
## Disregarded stop sign-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                            -6.223075e-02
## Disregarded traffic signals-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                       8.163198e-01
## Disregarded yield sign-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                           -2.203778e-01
## Driver distracted-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                -1.406123e-01
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                 -2.330167e-01
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                      -2.441278e-01
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                               -2.296450e-01
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                    -2.313409e-01
## Drug use-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                         -1.882657e-01
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                  -3.259367e-02
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                2.545265e+00
## Failed to yield right of way-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                      5.864376e+00
## Failure to reduce speed-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                           1.780754e+01
## Followed too closely-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                              2.165740e-01
## Improper backing-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                  4.941653e+00
## Improper lane change-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                              2.963043e+00
## Improper or no signal-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                            -2.439257e-01
## Improper parking-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                  9.601466e-01
## Improper turn-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                     1.601239e+00
## Inattention-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                       6.134585e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                           5.530961e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                     -7.087623e-02
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                  2.525125e-01
## Other improper passing-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                            7.622700e-02
## Other*-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                            6.130435e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                         2.211664e-01
## Passed on curve-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                  -2.641278e-01
## Passed on hill-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                   -2.641278e-01
## Passed stopped school bus-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                        -2.641278e-01
## Right turn on red-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                -2.183262e-01
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                   2.111300e-01
## Unable to determine-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                               4.171887e+00
## Use of improper lane-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                              1.164863e-02
## Visibility obstructed-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                            -1.288142e-01
## Disregarded road markings-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                            1.364170e-01
## Disregarded stop sign-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                1.245331e-01
## Disregarded traffic signals-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                          1.003084e+00
## Disregarded yield sign-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                              -3.361390e-02
## Driver distracted-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                    4.615154e-02
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                    -4.625279e-02
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                         -5.736390e-02
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                  -4.288114e-02
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                       -4.457701e-02
## Drug use-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                            -1.501828e-03
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                      1.541702e-01
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                   2.732028e+00
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                         6.051140e+00
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                              1.799431e+01
## Followed too closely-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                 4.033379e-01
## Improper backing-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                     5.128417e+00
## Improper lane change-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                 3.149807e+00
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                               -5.716188e-02
## Improper parking-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                     1.146911e+00
## Improper turn-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                        1.788002e+00
## Inattention-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                          6.321349e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                              5.549638e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                         1.158876e-01
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                     4.392764e-01
## Other improper passing-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                               2.629909e-01
## Other*-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                               7.998073e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                            4.079302e-01
## Passed on curve-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                     -7.736390e-02
## Passed on hill-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                      -7.736390e-02
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                           -7.736390e-02
## Right turn on red-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                   -3.156237e-02
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                      3.978938e-01
## Unable to determine-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                  4.358651e+00
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                 1.984125e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                5.794963e-02
## Disregarded stop sign-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                     -1.188390e-02
## Disregarded traffic signals-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                8.666666e-01
## Disregarded yield sign-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                    -1.700309e-01
## Driver distracted-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                         -9.026548e-02
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded road markings                                                          -1.826698e-01
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded road markings                                                                               -1.937809e-01
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded road markings                                                        -1.792982e-01
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded road markings                                                                                             -1.809940e-01
## Drug use-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                                  -1.379188e-01
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                            1.775317e-02
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                         2.595611e+00
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                               5.914723e+00
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                    1.785789e+01
## Followed too closely-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                       2.669208e-01
## Improper backing-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                           4.992000e+00
## Improper lane change-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                       3.013390e+00
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                     -1.935789e-01
## Improper parking-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                           1.010493e+00
## Improper turn-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                              1.651585e+00
## Inattention-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                                6.184932e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                    5.535996e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                              -2.052938e-02
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded road markings                                                           3.028593e-01
## Other improper passing-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                     1.265738e-01
## Other*-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                                     6.633903e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                  2.715132e-01
## Passed on curve-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                           -2.137809e-01
## Passed on hill-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                            -2.137809e-01
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                 -2.137809e-01
## Right turn on red-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                         -1.679794e-01
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded road markings                                                            2.614768e-01
## Unable to determine-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                        4.222234e+00
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                       6.199548e-02
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                     -7.846739e-02
## Disregarded traffic signals-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                    8.785505e-01
## Disregarded yield sign-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                        -1.581470e-01
## Driver distracted-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                             -7.838158e-02
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded stop sign                                                              -1.707859e-01
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                   -1.818970e-01
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded stop sign                                                            -1.674143e-01
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                 -1.691101e-01
## Drug use-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                      -1.260349e-01
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                2.963707e-02
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                             2.607495e+00
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                   5.926607e+00
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                        1.786978e+01
## Followed too closely-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                           2.788047e-01
## Improper backing-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                               5.003884e+00
## Improper lane change-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                           3.025273e+00
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                         -1.816950e-01
## Improper parking-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                               1.022377e+00
## Improper turn-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                  1.663469e+00
## Inattention-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                    6.196815e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                        5.537185e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                  -8.645485e-03
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded stop sign                                                               3.147432e-01
## Other improper passing-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                         1.384577e-01
## Other*-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                         6.752742e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                      2.833971e-01
## Passed on curve-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                               -2.018970e-01
## Passed on hill-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                -2.018970e-01
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                     -2.018970e-01
## Right turn on red-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                             -1.560955e-01
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded stop sign                                                                2.733607e-01
## Unable to determine-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                            4.234118e+00
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                           7.387938e-02
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                         -6.658349e-02
## Disregarded yield sign-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                  -1.036698e+00
## Driver distracted-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                       -9.569321e-01
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded traffic signals                                                        -1.049336e+00
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                             -1.060448e+00
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded traffic signals                                                      -1.045965e+00
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                           -1.047661e+00
## Drug use-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                                -1.004585e+00
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                         -8.489134e-01
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                       1.728945e+00
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                             5.048056e+00
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                  1.699122e+01
## Followed too closely-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                    -5.997458e-01
## Improper backing-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                         4.125333e+00
## Improper lane change-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                     2.146723e+00
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                   -1.060246e+00
## Improper parking-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                         1.438269e-01
## Improper turn-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                            7.849188e-01
## Inattention-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                              5.318265e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                  5.449330e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                            -8.871960e-01
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded traffic signals                                                        -5.638073e-01
## Other improper passing-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                  -7.400928e-01
## Other*-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                                  -2.032763e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                               -5.951534e-01
## Passed on curve-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                         -1.080448e+00
## Passed on hill-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                          -1.080448e+00
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                               -1.080448e+00
## Right turn on red-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                       -1.034646e+00
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded traffic signals                                                         -6.051898e-01
## Unable to determine-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                      3.355567e+00
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                    -8.046711e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                   -9.451340e-01
## Driver distracted-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                             7.976544e-02
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded yield sign                                                             -1.263889e-02
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                  -2.375000e-02
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded yield sign                                                           -9.267241e-03
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                -1.096311e-02
## Drug use-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                                      3.211207e-02
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                               1.877841e-01
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                            2.765642e+00
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                  6.084754e+00
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                       1.802792e+01
## Followed too closely-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                          4.369518e-01
## Improper backing-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                              5.162031e+00
## Improper lane change-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                          3.183420e+00
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                        -2.354798e-02
## Improper parking-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                              1.180524e+00
## Improper turn-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                                 1.821616e+00
## Inattention-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                                   6.354962e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                       5.552999e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                  1.495015e-01
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded yield sign                                                              4.728903e-01
## Other improper passing-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                        2.966048e-01
## Other*-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                                        8.334212e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                     4.415441e-01
## Passed on curve-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                              -4.375000e-02
## Passed on hill-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                               -4.375000e-02
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                    -4.375000e-02
## Right turn on red-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                             2.051527e-03
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded yield sign                                                               4.315077e-01
## Unable to determine-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                           4.392265e+00
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                          2.320264e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                         9.156353e-02
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Driver distracted                                                                  -9.240433e-02
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Driver distracted                                                                                       -1.035154e-01
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Driver distracted                                                                -8.903268e-02
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Driver distracted                                                                                                     -9.072855e-02
## Drug use-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                          -4.765337e-02
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted                                                                                                                    1.080187e-01
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted                                                                                                                 2.685877e+00
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted                                                                                                                       6.004988e+00
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted                                                                                                                            1.794816e+01
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted                                                                                                                               3.571863e-01
## Improper backing-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                   5.082265e+00
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted                                                                                                                               3.103655e+00
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted                                                                                                                             -1.033134e-01
## Improper parking-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                   1.100759e+00
## Improper turn-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                      1.741851e+00
## Inattention-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                        6.275197e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted                                                                                                            5.545023e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted                                                                                                                       6.973609e-02
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted                                                                   3.931248e-01
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted                                                                                                                             2.168393e-01
## Other*-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                             7.536558e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted                                                                                                                          3.617787e-01
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                   -1.235154e-01
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                    -1.235154e-01
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted                                                                                                                         -1.235154e-01
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                 -7.771391e-02
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted                                                                    3.517423e-01
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                4.312499e+00
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted                                                                                                                               1.522610e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted                                                                                                                              1.179809e-02
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                        -1.111111e-02
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)  3.371647e-03
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                       1.675774e-03
## Drug use-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                            4.475096e-02
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                     2.004230e-01
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                  2.778281e+00
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                        6.097393e+00
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                             1.804056e+01
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                4.495906e-01
## Improper backing-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                    5.174670e+00
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                3.196059e+00
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                              -1.090909e-02
## Improper parking-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                    1.193163e+00
## Improper turn-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                       1.834255e+00
## Inattention-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                         6.367601e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                             5.554263e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                        1.621404e-01
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)    4.855291e-01
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                              3.092437e-01
## Other*-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                              8.460601e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                           4.541830e-01
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                    -3.111111e-02
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                     -3.111111e-02
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                          -3.111111e-02
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                   1.469042e-02
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)     4.441466e-01
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                 4.404904e+00
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                2.446653e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                               1.042024e-01
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                       1.448276e-02
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                            1.278689e-02
## Drug use-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                                 5.586207e-02
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                          2.115341e-01
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                       2.789392e+00
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                             6.108504e+00
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                  1.805167e+01
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                     4.607018e-01
## Improper backing-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                         5.185781e+00
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                     3.207170e+00
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                    2.020202e-04
## Improper parking-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                         1.204274e+00
## Improper turn-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                            1.845366e+00
## Inattention-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                              6.378712e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                  5.555374e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                             1.732515e-01
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                         4.966403e-01
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                   3.203548e-01
## Other*-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                                   8.571712e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                4.652941e-01
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                         -2.000000e-02
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                          -2.000000e-02
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                               -2.000000e-02
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                        2.580153e-02
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                          4.552577e-01
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                      4.416015e+00
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                     2.557764e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                    1.153135e-01
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                    -1.695873e-03
## Drug use-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                          4.137931e-02
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                   1.970513e-01
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                2.774910e+00
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                      6.094021e+00
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                           1.803719e+01
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                              4.462190e-01
## Improper backing-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                  5.171298e+00
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                              3.192688e+00
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                            -1.428074e-02
## Improper parking-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                  1.189792e+00
## Improper turn-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                     1.830884e+00
## Inattention-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                       6.364230e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                           5.553926e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                      1.587688e-01
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)  4.821575e-01
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                            3.058720e-01
## Other*-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                            8.426885e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                         4.508114e-01
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                  -3.448276e-02
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                   -3.448276e-02
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                        -3.448276e-02
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                 1.131877e-02
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)   4.407750e-01
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                               4.401532e+00
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                              2.412936e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                             1.008308e-01
## Drug use-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                               4.307518e-02
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                        1.987472e-01
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                     2.776605e+00
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                           6.095717e+00
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                1.803889e+01
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                   4.479149e-01
## Improper backing-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                       5.172994e+00
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                   3.194384e+00
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                 -1.258487e-02
## Improper parking-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                       1.191488e+00
## Improper turn-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                          1.832579e+00
## Inattention-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                            6.365926e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                5.554096e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                           1.604646e-01
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                       4.838534e-01
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                 3.075679e-01
## Other*-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                                 8.443843e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                              4.525072e-01
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                       -3.278689e-02
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                        -3.278689e-02
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                             -3.278689e-02
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                      1.301464e-02
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                        4.424708e-01
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                    4.403228e+00
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                   2.429895e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                  1.025266e-01
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Drug use                                                                                                                             1.556720e-01
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Drug use                                                                                                                          2.733530e+00
## Failed to yield right of way-Drug use                                                                                                                                6.052642e+00
## Failure to reduce speed-Drug use                                                                                                                                     1.799581e+01
## Followed too closely-Drug use                                                                                                                                        4.048397e-01
## Improper backing-Drug use                                                                                                                                            5.129919e+00
## Improper lane change-Drug use                                                                                                                                        3.151308e+00
## Improper or no signal-Drug use                                                                                                                                      -5.566005e-02
## Improper parking-Drug use                                                                                                                                            1.148412e+00
## Improper turn-Drug use                                                                                                                                               1.789504e+00
## Inattention-Drug use                                                                                                                                                 6.322850e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Drug use                                                                                                                     5.549788e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Drug use                                                                                                                                1.173895e-01
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Drug use                                                                            4.407782e-01
## Other improper passing-Drug use                                                                                                                                      2.644927e-01
## Other*-Drug use                                                                                                                                                      8.013091e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Drug use                                                                                                                                   4.094320e-01
## Passed on curve-Drug use                                                                                                                                            -7.586207e-02
## Passed on hill-Drug use                                                                                                                                             -7.586207e-02
## Passed stopped school bus-Drug use                                                                                                                                  -7.586207e-02
## Right turn on red-Drug use                                                                                                                                          -3.006054e-02
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Drug use                                                                             3.993957e-01
## Unable to determine-Drug use                                                                                                                                         4.360153e+00
## Use of improper lane-Drug use                                                                                                                                        1.999143e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Drug use                                                                                                                                       5.945146e-02
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                   2.577858e+00
## Failed to yield right of way-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                         5.896970e+00
## Failure to reduce speed-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                              1.784014e+01
## Followed too closely-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                 2.491677e-01
## Improper backing-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                     4.974247e+00
## Improper lane change-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                 2.995636e+00
## Improper or no signal-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                               -2.113321e-01
## Improper parking-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                     9.927403e-01
## Improper turn-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                        1.633832e+00
## Inattention-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                          6.167178e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                              5.534221e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                        -3.828256e-02
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                     2.851062e-01
## Other improper passing-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                               1.088207e-01
## Other*-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                               6.456371e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                            2.537600e-01
## Passed on curve-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                     -2.315341e-01
## Passed on hill-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                      -2.315341e-01
## Passed stopped school bus-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                           -2.315341e-01
## Right turn on red-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                   -1.857326e-01
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                      2.437236e-01
## Unable to determine-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                  4.204481e+00
## Use of improper lane-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                 4.424231e-02
## Visibility obstructed-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                               -9.622056e-02
## Failed to yield right of way-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                      3.319111e+00
## Failure to reduce speed-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                           1.526228e+01
## Followed too closely-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                             -2.328691e+00
## Improper backing-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                  2.396389e+00
## Improper lane change-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                              4.177782e-01
## Improper or no signal-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                            -2.789190e+00
## Improper parking-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                 -1.585118e+00
## Improper turn-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                    -9.440259e-01
## Inattention-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                       3.589320e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                           5.276435e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                     -2.616141e+00
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                 -2.292752e+00
## Other improper passing-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                           -2.469037e+00
## Other*-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                           -1.932221e+00
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                        -2.324098e+00
## Passed on curve-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                  -2.809392e+00
## Passed on hill-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                   -2.809392e+00
## Passed stopped school bus-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                        -2.809392e+00
## Right turn on red-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                -2.763591e+00
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                  -2.334135e+00
## Unable to determine-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                               1.626622e+00
## Use of improper lane-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                             -2.533616e+00
## Visibility obstructed-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                            -2.674079e+00
## Failure to reduce speed-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                 1.194317e+01
## Followed too closely-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                   -5.647802e+00
## Improper backing-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                       -9.227228e-01
## Improper lane change-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                   -2.901333e+00
## Improper or no signal-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                  -6.108302e+00
## Improper parking-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                       -4.904229e+00
## Improper turn-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                          -4.263137e+00
## Inattention-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                             2.702088e-01
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                 4.944524e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                           -5.935252e+00
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Failed to yield right of way                                                       -5.611863e+00
## Other improper passing-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                 -5.788149e+00
## Other*-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                                 -5.251332e+00
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                              -5.643210e+00
## Passed on curve-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                        -6.128504e+00
## Passed on hill-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                         -6.128504e+00
## Passed stopped school bus-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                              -6.128504e+00
## Right turn on red-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                      -6.082702e+00
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Failed to yield right of way                                                        -5.653246e+00
## Unable to determine-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                    -1.692489e+00
## Use of improper lane-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                   -5.852727e+00
## Visibility obstructed-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                  -5.993190e+00
## Followed too closely-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                        -1.759097e+01
## Improper backing-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                            -1.286589e+01
## Improper lane change-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                        -1.484450e+01
## Improper or no signal-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                       -1.805147e+01
## Improper parking-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                            -1.684740e+01
## Improper turn-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                               -1.620631e+01
## Inattention-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                                 -1.167296e+01
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                      3.750207e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                -1.787842e+01
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Failure to reduce speed                                                            -1.755503e+01
## Other improper passing-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                      -1.773132e+01
## Other*-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                                      -1.719450e+01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                   -1.758638e+01
## Passed on curve-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                             -1.807167e+01
## Passed on hill-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                              -1.807167e+01
## Passed stopped school bus-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                   -1.807167e+01
## Right turn on red-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                           -1.802587e+01
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Failure to reduce speed                                                             -1.759641e+01
## Unable to determine-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                         -1.363566e+01
## Use of improper lane-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                        -1.779590e+01
## Visibility obstructed-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                       -1.793636e+01
## Improper backing-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                4.725079e+00
## Improper lane change-Followed too closely                                                                                                                            2.746469e+00
## Improper or no signal-Followed too closely                                                                                                                          -4.604997e-01
## Improper parking-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                7.435727e-01
## Improper turn-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                   1.384665e+00
## Inattention-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                     5.918011e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Followed too closely                                                                                                         5.509304e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Followed too closely                                                                                                                   -2.874502e-01
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Followed too closely                                                                3.593850e-02
## Other improper passing-Followed too closely                                                                                                                         -1.403470e-01
## Other*-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                          3.964695e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Followed too closely                                                                                                                       4.592363e-03
## Passed on curve-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                -4.807018e-01
## Passed on hill-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                 -4.807018e-01
## Passed stopped school bus-Followed too closely                                                                                                                      -4.807018e-01
## Right turn on red-Followed too closely                                                                                                                              -4.349002e-01
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Followed too closely                                                                -5.444022e-03
## Unable to determine-Followed too closely                                                                                                                             3.955313e+00
## Use of improper lane-Followed too closely                                                                                                                           -2.049254e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Followed too closely                                                                                                                          -3.453882e-01
## Improper lane change-Improper backing                                                                                                                               -1.978610e+00
## Improper or no signal-Improper backing                                                                                                                              -5.185579e+00
## Improper parking-Improper backing                                                                                                                                   -3.981506e+00
## Improper turn-Improper backing                                                                                                                                      -3.340415e+00
## Inattention-Improper backing                                                                                                                                         1.192932e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper backing                                                                                                             5.036796e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Improper backing                                                                                                                       -5.012529e+00
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper backing                                                                   -4.689141e+00
## Other improper passing-Improper backing                                                                                                                             -4.865426e+00
## Other*-Improper backing                                                                                                                                             -4.328610e+00
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper backing                                                                                                                          -4.720487e+00
## Passed on curve-Improper backing                                                                                                                                    -5.205781e+00
## Passed on hill-Improper backing                                                                                                                                     -5.205781e+00
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper backing                                                                                                                          -5.205781e+00
## Right turn on red-Improper backing                                                                                                                                  -5.159979e+00
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper backing                                                                    -4.730523e+00
## Unable to determine-Improper backing                                                                                                                                -7.697662e-01
## Use of improper lane-Improper backing                                                                                                                               -4.930004e+00
## Visibility obstructed-Improper backing                                                                                                                              -5.070467e+00
## Improper or no signal-Improper lane change                                                                                                                          -3.206968e+00
## Improper parking-Improper lane change                                                                                                                               -2.002896e+00
## Improper turn-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                  -1.361804e+00
## Inattention-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                     3.171542e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper lane change                                                                                                         5.234657e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Improper lane change                                                                                                                   -3.033919e+00
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper lane change                                                               -2.710530e+00
## Other improper passing-Improper lane change                                                                                                                         -2.886816e+00
## Other*-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                         -2.349999e+00
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper lane change                                                                                                                      -2.741876e+00
## Passed on curve-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                -3.227170e+00
## Passed on hill-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                 -3.227170e+00
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper lane change                                                                                                                      -3.227170e+00
## Right turn on red-Improper lane change                                                                                                                              -3.181369e+00
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper lane change                                                                -2.751913e+00
## Unable to determine-Improper lane change                                                                                                                             1.208844e+00
## Use of improper lane-Improper lane change                                                                                                                           -2.951394e+00
## Visibility obstructed-Improper lane change                                                                                                                          -3.091857e+00
## Improper parking-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                               1.204072e+00
## Improper turn-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                  1.845164e+00
## Inattention-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                    6.378510e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper or no signal                                                                                                        5.555354e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                   1.730495e-01
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper or no signal                                                               4.964382e-01
## Other improper passing-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                         3.201527e-01
## Other*-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                         8.569692e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                      4.650921e-01
## Passed on curve-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                               -2.020202e-02
## Passed on hill-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                -2.020202e-02
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                     -2.020202e-02
## Right turn on red-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                              2.559951e-02
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper or no signal                                                                4.550557e-01
## Unable to determine-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                            4.415813e+00
## Use of improper lane-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                           2.555744e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                          1.151115e-01
## Improper turn-Improper parking                                                                                                                                       6.410919e-01
## Inattention-Improper parking                                                                                                                                         5.174438e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper parking                                                                                                             5.434947e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Improper parking                                                                                                                       -1.031023e+00
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper parking                                                                   -7.076342e-01
## Other improper passing-Improper parking                                                                                                                             -8.839196e-01
## Other*-Improper parking                                                                                                                                             -3.471032e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper parking                                                                                                                          -7.389803e-01
## Passed on curve-Improper parking                                                                                                                                    -1.224274e+00
## Passed on hill-Improper parking                                                                                                                                     -1.224274e+00
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper parking                                                                                                                          -1.224274e+00
## Right turn on red-Improper parking                                                                                                                                  -1.178473e+00
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper parking                                                                    -7.490167e-01
## Unable to determine-Improper parking                                                                                                                                 3.211740e+00
## Use of improper lane-Improper parking                                                                                                                               -9.484980e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Improper parking                                                                                                                              -1.088961e+00
## Inattention-Improper turn                                                                                                                                            4.533346e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper turn                                                                                                                5.370838e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Improper turn                                                                                                                          -1.672115e+00
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper turn                                                                      -1.348726e+00
## Other improper passing-Improper turn                                                                                                                                -1.525012e+00
## Other*-Improper turn                                                                                                                                                -9.881951e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper turn                                                                                                                             -1.380072e+00
## Passed on curve-Improper turn                                                                                                                                       -1.865366e+00
## Passed on hill-Improper turn                                                                                                                                        -1.865366e+00
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper turn                                                                                                                             -1.865366e+00
## Right turn on red-Improper turn                                                                                                                                     -1.819565e+00
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper turn                                                                       -1.390109e+00
## Unable to determine-Improper turn                                                                                                                                    2.570648e+00
## Use of improper lane-Improper turn                                                                                                                                  -1.589590e+00
## Visibility obstructed-Improper turn                                                                                                                                 -1.730053e+00
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Inattention                                                                                                                  4.917503e+01
## Operated defective equipment-Inattention                                                                                                                            -6.205461e+00
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Inattention                                                                        -5.882072e+00
## Other improper passing-Inattention                                                                                                                                  -6.058358e+00
## Other*-Inattention                                                                                                                                                  -5.521541e+00
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Inattention                                                                                                                               -5.913418e+00
## Passed on curve-Inattention                                                                                                                                         -6.398712e+00
## Passed on hill-Inattention                                                                                                                                          -6.398712e+00
## Passed stopped school bus-Inattention                                                                                                                               -6.398712e+00
## Right turn on red-Inattention                                                                                                                                       -6.352911e+00
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Inattention                                                                         -5.923455e+00
## Unable to determine-Inattention                                                                                                                                     -1.962698e+00
## Use of improper lane-Inattention                                                                                                                                    -6.122936e+00
## Visibility obstructed-Inattention                                                                                                                                   -6.263399e+00
## Operated defective equipment-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                -5.538049e+01
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-No contributing circumstances indicated                                            -5.505710e+01
## Other improper passing-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                      -5.523339e+01
## Other*-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                                      -5.469657e+01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                   -5.508845e+01
## Passed on curve-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                             -5.557374e+01
## Passed on hill-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                              -5.557374e+01
## Passed stopped school bus-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                   -5.557374e+01
## Right turn on red-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                           -5.552794e+01
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-No contributing circumstances indicated                                             -5.509848e+01
## Unable to determine-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                         -5.113773e+01
## Use of improper lane-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                        -5.529797e+01
## Visibility obstructed-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                       -5.543843e+01
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Operated defective equipment                                                        3.233887e-01
## Other improper passing-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                  1.471032e-01
## Other*-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                                  6.839197e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                               2.920426e-01
## Passed on curve-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                        -1.932515e-01
## Passed on hill-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                         -1.932515e-01
## Passed stopped school bus-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                              -1.932515e-01
## Right turn on red-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                      -1.474500e-01
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Operated defective equipment                                                         2.820062e-01
## Unable to determine-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                     4.242763e+00
## Use of improper lane-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                    8.252486e-02
## Visibility obstructed-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                  -5.793800e-02
## Other improper passing-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                             -1.762855e-01
## Other*-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                              3.605310e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                          -3.134614e-02
## Passed on curve-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                    -5.166403e-01
## Passed on hill-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                     -5.166403e-01
## Passed stopped school bus-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                          -5.166403e-01
## Right turn on red-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                  -4.708387e-01
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner    -4.138252e-02
## Unable to determine-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                 3.919374e+00
## Use of improper lane-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                               -2.408639e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                              -3.813267e-01
## Other*-Other improper passing                                                                                                                                        5.368164e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Other improper passing                                                                                                                     1.449394e-01
## Passed on curve-Other improper passing                                                                                                                              -3.403548e-01
## Passed on hill-Other improper passing                                                                                                                               -3.403548e-01
## Passed stopped school bus-Other improper passing                                                                                                                    -3.403548e-01
## Right turn on red-Other improper passing                                                                                                                            -2.945532e-01
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Other improper passing                                                               1.349030e-01
## Unable to determine-Other improper passing                                                                                                                           4.095660e+00
## Use of improper lane-Other improper passing                                                                                                                         -6.457837e-02
## Visibility obstructed-Other improper passing                                                                                                                        -2.050412e-01
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Other*                                                                                                                                    -3.918771e-01
## Passed on curve-Other*                                                                                                                                              -8.771712e-01
## Passed on hill-Other*                                                                                                                                               -8.771712e-01
## Passed stopped school bus-Other*                                                                                                                                    -8.771712e-01
## Right turn on red-Other*                                                                                                                                            -8.313697e-01
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Other*                                                                              -4.019135e-01
## Unable to determine-Other*                                                                                                                                           3.558843e+00
## Use of improper lane-Other*                                                                                                                                         -6.013948e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Other*                                                                                                                                        -7.418577e-01
## Passed on curve-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                           -4.852941e-01
## Passed on hill-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                            -4.852941e-01
## Passed stopped school bus-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                 -4.852941e-01
## Right turn on red-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                         -4.394926e-01
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                           -1.003639e-02
## Unable to determine-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                        3.950721e+00
## Use of improper lane-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                      -2.095177e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                     -3.499806e-01
## Passed on hill-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                       7.055689e-12
## Passed stopped school bus-Passed on curve                                                                                                                            8.505197e-12
## Right turn on red-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                    4.580153e-02
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Passed on curve                                                                      4.752577e-01
## Unable to determine-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                  4.436015e+00
## Use of improper lane-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                 2.757764e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                1.353135e-01
## Passed stopped school bus-Passed on hill                                                                                                                             1.449507e-12
## Right turn on red-Passed on hill                                                                                                                                     4.580153e-02
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Passed on hill                                                                       4.752577e-01
## Unable to determine-Passed on hill                                                                                                                                   4.436015e+00
## Use of improper lane-Passed on hill                                                                                                                                  2.757764e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Passed on hill                                                                                                                                 1.353135e-01
## Right turn on red-Passed stopped school bus                                                                                                                          4.580153e-02
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Passed stopped school bus                                                            4.752577e-01
## Unable to determine-Passed stopped school bus                                                                                                                        4.436015e+00
## Use of improper lane-Passed stopped school bus                                                                                                                       2.757764e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Passed stopped school bus                                                                                                                      1.353135e-01
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Right turn on red                                                                    4.294562e-01
## Unable to determine-Right turn on red                                                                                                                                4.390213e+00
## Use of improper lane-Right turn on red                                                                                                                               2.299749e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Right turn on red                                                                                                                              8.951200e-02
## Unable to determine-Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist                                                                  3.960757e+00
## Use of improper lane-Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist                                                                -1.994813e-01
## Visibility obstructed-Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist                                                               -3.399442e-01
## Use of improper lane-Unable to determine                                                                                                                            -4.160238e+00
## Visibility obstructed-Unable to determine                                                                                                                           -4.300701e+00
## Visibility obstructed-Use of improper lane                                                                                                                          -1.404629e-01
##                                                                                                                                                                              lwr
## Alcohol use-                                                                                                                                                        -42.98205491
## Crossed centerline/going wrong way-                                                                                                                                 -43.08542329
## Disregarded other traffic signs-                                                                                                                                    -43.73863017
## Disregarded road markings-                                                                                                                                          -43.30764466
## Disregarded stop sign-                                                                                                                                              -43.19030382
## Disregarded traffic signals-                                                                                                                                        -41.99776593
## Disregarded yield sign-                                                                                                                                             -44.45221262
## Driver distracted-                                                                                                                                                  -43.56834620
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-                                                                                   -44.13185507
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-                                                                                                        -45.04596976
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-                                                                                 -45.22908356
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-                                                                                                                      -44.05962499
## Drug use-                                                                                                                                                           -44.52809246
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-                                                                                                                                    -43.18213382
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-                                                                                                                                 -40.42905295
## Failed to yield right of way-                                                                                                                                       -36.90261544
## Failure to reduce speed-                                                                                                                                            -24.95724939
## Followed too closely-                                                                                                                                               -42.84843336
## Improper backing-                                                                                                                                                   -37.82542702
## Improper lane change-                                                                                                                                               -39.81278607
## Improper or no signal-                                                                                                                                              -45.05955434
## Improper parking-                                                                                                                                                   -41.85165292
## Improper turn-                                                                                                                                                      -41.18672434
## Inattention-                                                                                                                                                        -36.63143474
## No contributing circumstances indicated-                                                                                                                             12.54499481
## Operated defective equipment-                                                                                                                                       -43.25669851
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-                                                                                   -42.67169756
## Other improper passing-                                                                                                                                             -42.96725935
## Other*-                                                                                                                                                             -42.23969232
## Overcorrected/oversteered-                                                                                                                                          -42.71283997
## Passed on curve-                                                                                                                                                    -51.54430887
## Passed on hill-                                                                                                                                                     -54.72161958
## Passed stopped school bus-                                                                                                                                          -51.54430887
## Right turn on red-                                                                                                                                                  -44.67559378
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-                                                                                    -42.80428122
## Unable to determine-                                                                                                                                                -38.60733163
## Use of improper lane-                                                                                                                                               -43.07848205
## Visibility obstructed-                                                                                                                                              -43.78331986
## Crossed centerline/going wrong way-Alcohol use                                                                                                                       -1.45468581
## Disregarded other traffic signs-Alcohol use                                                                                                                          -2.04764188
## Disregarded road markings-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                -1.65067470
## Disregarded stop sign-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                    -1.55250414
## Disregarded traffic signals-Alcohol use                                                                                                                              -0.42321924
## Disregarded yield sign-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                   -2.71283692
## Driver distracted-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                        -1.89031110
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Alcohol use                                                                         -2.41239338
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Alcohol use                                                                                              -3.28263352
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Alcohol use                                                                       -3.45942659
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Alcohol use                                                                                                            -2.34519689
## Drug use-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                                 -2.78335945
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Alcohol use                                                                                                                          -1.54092635
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Alcohol use                                                                                                                        1.18125700
## Failed to yield right of way-Alcohol use                                                                                                                              4.65968968
## Failure to reduce speed-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                  16.60446264
## Followed too closely-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                     -1.22122103
## Improper backing-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                          3.73690201
## Improper lane change-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                      1.75188412
## Improper or no signal-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                    -3.29575021
## Improper parking-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                         -0.27768038
## Improper turn-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                             0.38114120
## Inattention-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                               4.93060830
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Alcohol use                                                                                                                  54.10665979
## Operated defective equipment-Alcohol use                                                                                                                             -1.60994204
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Alcohol use                                                                         -1.07168888
## Other improper passing-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                   -1.34386960
## Other*-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                                   -0.65573226
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                -1.11075893
## Passed on curve-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                          -9.71155111
## Passed on hill-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                          -12.88093395
## Passed stopped school bus-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                -9.71155111
## Right turn on red-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                        -2.92552318
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Alcohol use                                                                          -1.18604995
## Unable to determine-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                       2.95823719
## Use of improper lane-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                     -1.44694535
## Visibility obstructed-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                    -2.08285319
## Disregarded other traffic signs-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                   -1.97446904
## Disregarded road markings-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                         -1.57949682
## Disregarded stop sign-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                             -1.48238798
## Disregarded traffic signals-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                       -0.35626290
## Disregarded yield sign-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                            -2.63660759
## Driver distracted-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                 -1.81791402
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                  -2.33745045
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                       -3.20481037
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                -3.38117557
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                     -2.27057305
## Drug use-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                          -2.70677788
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                   -1.47062488
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                 1.24993385
## Failed to yield right of way-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                       4.72609729
## Failure to reduce speed-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                           16.67084419
## Followed too closely-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                              -1.15167099
## Improper backing-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                   3.80331068
## Improper lane change-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                               1.81839614
## Improper or no signal-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                             -3.21789548
## Improper parking-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                  -0.21075024
## Improper turn-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                      0.44779550
## Inattention-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                        4.99700438
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                           54.17303927
## Operated defective equipment-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                      -1.53933562
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                  -1.00352543
## Other improper passing-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                            -1.27452036
## Other*-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                            -0.58833997
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                         -1.04249334
## Passed on curve-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                   -9.62890426
## Passed on hill-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                   -12.79772408
## Passed stopped school bus-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                         -9.62890426
## Right turn on red-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                 -2.84858824
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                   -1.11696861
## Unable to determine-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                3.02478908
## Use of improper lane-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                              -1.37716585
## Visibility obstructed-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                             -2.00910073
## Disregarded road markings-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                            -1.76518913
## Disregarded stop sign-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                -1.69058475
## Disregarded traffic signals-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                          -0.62564484
## Disregarded yield sign-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                               -2.70119199
## Driver distracted-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                    -1.97650693
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                     -2.43507006
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                          -3.22650381
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                   -3.39100766
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                        -2.37615892
## Drug use-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                             -2.76206517
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                      -1.67496623
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                    1.01281697
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                          4.44693139
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                              16.39121953
## Followed too closely-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                 -1.37145809
## Improper backing-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                      3.52416330
## Improper lane change-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                  1.54107351
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                -3.23871847
## Improper parking-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                     -0.48060472
## Improper turn-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                         0.17299864
## Inattention-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                           4.71763559
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                              53.89337827
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                         -1.73726625
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                     -1.25052765
## Other improper passing-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                               -1.49835088
## Other*-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                               -0.84977701
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                            -1.28754675
## Passed on curve-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                      -9.51011775
## Passed on hill-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                      -12.66183221
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                            -9.51011775
## Right turn on red-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                    -2.89444283
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                      -1.34613947
## Unable to determine-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                   2.74817265
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                 -1.59228904
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                -2.13597006
## Disregarded stop sign-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                      -1.57299336
## Disregarded traffic signals-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                -0.47317154
## Disregarded yield sign-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                     -2.67170691
## Driver distracted-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                          -1.88847490
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded road markings                                                           -2.38468202
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded road markings                                                                                -3.22459890
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded road markings                                                         -3.39680668
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded road markings                                                                                              -2.32078001
## Drug use-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                                   -2.73851874
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                            -1.55963388
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                          1.14713019
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                4.60480123
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                    16.54934111
## Followed too closely-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                       -1.24711698
## Improper backing-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                            3.68202298
## Improper lane change-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                        1.69793072
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                      -3.23737787
## Improper parking-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                           -0.32786957
## Improper turn-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                               0.32846521
## Inattention-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                                 4.87561678
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                    54.05151978
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                               -1.62570512
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded road markings                                                           -1.11059297
## Other improper passing-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                     -1.37166999
## Other*-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                                     -0.70172445
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                  -1.14871636
## Passed on curve-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                            -9.60096660
## Passed on hill-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                            -12.76412963
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                  -9.60096660
## Right turn on red-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                          -2.87694494
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded road markings                                                            -1.21638042
## Unable to determine-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                         2.90464140
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                       -1.47065642
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                      -2.06735991
## Disregarded traffic signals-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                    -0.33541539
## Disregarded yield sign-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                         -2.59472858
## Driver distracted-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                              -1.78487039
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded stop sign                                                               -2.29855580
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                    -3.15921201
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded stop sign                                                             -3.33457513
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                  -2.23241597
## Drug use-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                       -2.66407883
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                -1.44233333
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                              1.27458692
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                    4.74574200
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                        16.69043191
## Followed too closely-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                           -1.12506757
## Improper backing-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                3.82295769
## Improper lane change-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                            1.83826929
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                          -3.17222323
## Improper parking-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                               -0.18996028
## Improper turn-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                   0.46798028
## Inattention-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                     5.01662390
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                        54.19262248
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                   -1.51035654
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded stop sign                                                               -0.98001325
## Other improper passing-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                         -1.24836651
## Other*-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                         -0.56653304
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                      -1.01875456
## Passed on curve-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                -9.57194515
## Passed on hill-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                -12.73943265
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                      -9.57194515
## Right turn on red-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                              -2.80506535
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded stop sign                                                                -1.09141361
## Unable to determine-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                             3.04474953
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                           -1.35004786
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                          -1.97295187
## Disregarded yield sign-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                   -3.33779143
## Driver distracted-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                        -2.46365289
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded traffic signals                                                         -3.02050567
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                              -3.92793913
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded traffic signals                                                       -4.11011416
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                            -2.94906393
## Drug use-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                                 -3.41285667
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                          -2.08374150
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                        0.66369918
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                              4.18056273
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                  16.12580331
## Followed too closely-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                     -1.75255146
## Improper backing-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                          3.25775621
## Improper lane change-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                      1.27089055
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                    -3.94145404
## Improper parking-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                         -0.76604460
## Improper turn-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                            -0.10237906
## Inattention-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                               4.45168801
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                  53.62803755
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                             -2.15732968
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded traffic signals                                                         -1.58090995
## Other improper passing-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                   -1.87207555
## Other*-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                                   -1.15205907
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                -1.62165350
## Passed on curve-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                         -10.41618024
## Passed on hill-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                          -13.59235797
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                               -10.41618024
## Right turn on red-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                        -3.55955090
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded traffic signals                                                          -1.71004836
## Unable to determine-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                       2.47653358
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                     -1.98181695
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                    -2.67497326
## Driver distracted-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                             -2.51511877
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded yield sign                                                              -2.90205487
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                   -3.58545248
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded yield sign                                                            -3.73112538
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                 -2.85324230
## Drug use-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                                      -3.17147759
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                               -2.25925838
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                             0.39964045
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                   3.80094953
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                       15.74490442
## Followed too closely-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                          -1.96974254
## Improper backing-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                               2.87819492
## Improper lane change-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                           0.89643581
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                         -3.59630310
## Improper parking-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                              -1.11971093
## Improper turn-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                                 -0.46978369
## Inattention-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                                    4.07150629
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                       53.24703679
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                  -2.31554534
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded yield sign                                                              -1.87183027
## Other improper passing-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                        -2.10018507
## Other*-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                                        -1.48248146
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                     -1.90726812
## Passed on curve-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                               -9.61553781
## Passed on hill-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                               -12.73276571
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                     -9.61553781
## Right turn on red-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                             -3.29011513
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded yield sign                                                               -1.95259146
## Unable to determine-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                            2.10405213
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                          -2.18642120
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                         -2.63892368
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Driver distracted                                                                   -2.39976193
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Driver distracted                                                                                        -3.21171411
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Driver distracted                                                                 -3.37953452
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Driver distracted                                                                                                      -2.33877779
## Drug use-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                           -2.73803645
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted                                                                                                                    -1.61337359
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted                                                                                                                  1.08177615
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted                                                                                                                        4.52480726
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted                                                                                                                            16.46918927
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted                                                                                                                               -1.30634963
## Improper backing-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                    3.60203538
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                1.61857145
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted                                                                                                                              -3.22417124
## Improper parking-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                   -0.40465028
## Improper turn-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                       0.24997677
## Inattention-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                         4.79555299
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted                                                                                                            53.97135545
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted                                                                                                                       -1.67715557
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted                                                                   -1.17941731
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted                                                                                                                             -1.43233499
## Other*-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                             -0.77558574
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted                                                                                                                          -1.21685786
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                    -9.53596976
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                    -12.69277532
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted                                                                                                                          -9.53596976
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                  -2.87298414
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted                                                                    -1.27893343
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                 2.82552548
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted                                                                                                                               -1.52823396
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted                                                                                                                              -2.09313297
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                         -3.36911642
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)  -3.52404994
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                       -2.58076997
## Drug use-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                            -2.93072577
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                     -1.93931810
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                   0.73171338
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                         4.14643475
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                             16.09052382
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                -1.64388792
## Improper backing-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                     3.22367471
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                 1.24137936
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                               -3.38063522
## Improper parking-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                    -0.77700361
## Improper turn-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                       -0.12558893
## Inattention-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                          4.41705088
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                             53.59266681
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                        -1.99816769
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)    -1.53639801
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                              -1.77284101
## Other*-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                              -1.14237653
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                           -1.57248766
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                     -9.52898440
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                     -12.66446358
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                           -9.52898440
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                   -3.05595061
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)     -1.62331655
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                  2.44878709
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                -1.86231450
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                               -2.35466631
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                       -4.08182081
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                            -3.30474621
## Drug use-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                                 -3.57600544
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                          -2.77434798
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                       -0.13044326
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                              3.25486805
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                  15.19866591
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                     -2.49220399
## Improper backing-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                          2.33211979
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                      0.35098881
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                    -3.96111771
## Improper parking-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                         -1.66252826
## Improper turn-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                            -1.01435200
## Inattention-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                               3.52535531
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                  52.70078585
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                             -2.82740356
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                         -2.40597740
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                   -2.62448418
## Other*-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                                   -2.02221763
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                -2.44062980
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                          -9.74350744
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                          -12.82385077
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                -9.74350744
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                        -3.68443245
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                          -2.47926162
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                       1.55884972
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                     -2.70671642
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                    -3.10695823
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                     -3.49061107
## Drug use-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                          -3.74767928
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                   -2.97816443
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                -0.33827904
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                       3.04283431
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                           14.98659142
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                              -2.69800678
## Improper backing-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                   2.12008770
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                               0.13911978
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                             -4.12019811
## Improper parking-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                  -1.87371303
## Improper turn-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                     -1.22599267
## Inattention-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                        3.31330354
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                           52.48870815
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                      -3.03034308
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)  -2.61488830
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                            -2.83077905
## Other*-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                            -2.23259747
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                         -2.64933335
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                   -9.81778998
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                   -12.88380562
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                         -9.81778998
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                 -3.85291978
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)   -2.68618957
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                1.34704423
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                              -2.91193758
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                             -3.29763045
## Drug use-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                               -2.88664972
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                        -1.87690164
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                      0.79714437
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                            4.21527465
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                16.15939826
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                   -1.58000986
## Improper backing-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                        3.29251322
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                    1.31007997
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                  -3.34198127
## Improper parking-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                       -0.70887663
## Improper turn-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                          -0.05708066
## Inattention-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                             4.48590606
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                53.66154398
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                           -1.93637997
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                       -1.47012095
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                 -1.70859253
## Other*-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                                 -1.07491411
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                              -1.50637516
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                        -9.51642665
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                        -12.65544195
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                              -9.51642665
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                      -3.01331359
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                        -1.55858643
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                     2.51743409
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                   -1.79886995
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                  -2.30077560
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Drug use                                                                                                                             -2.39241626
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Drug use                                                                                                                           0.26316552
## Failed to yield right of way-Drug use                                                                                                                                 3.66088526
## Failure to reduce speed-Drug use                                                                                                                                     15.60480465
## Followed too closely-Drug use                                                                                                                                        -2.10452567
## Improper backing-Drug use                                                                                                                                             2.73813208
## Improper lane change-Drug use                                                                                                                                         0.75651491
## Improper or no signal-Drug use                                                                                                                                       -3.69836731
## Improper parking-Drug use                                                                                                                                            -1.25903853
## Improper turn-Drug use                                                                                                                                               -0.60950618
## Inattention-Drug use                                                                                                                                                  3.93142631
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Drug use                                                                                                                     53.10693421
## Operated defective equipment-Drug use                                                                                                                                -2.44799416
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Drug use                                                                            -2.00921190
## Other improper passing-Drug use                                                                                                                                      -2.23537501
## Other*-Drug use                                                                                                                                                      -1.62111573
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Drug use                                                                                                                                   -2.04447422
## Passed on curve-Drug use                                                                                                                                             -9.67397954
## Passed on hill-Drug use                                                                                                                                             -12.78475095
## Passed stopped school bus-Drug use                                                                                                                                   -9.67397954
## Right turn on red-Drug use                                                                                                                                           -3.39801219
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Drug use                                                                             -2.08830729
## Unable to determine-Drug use                                                                                                                                          1.96418647
## Use of improper lane-Drug use                                                                                                                                        -2.32072564
## Visibility obstructed-Drug use                                                                                                                                       -2.76194845
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                    1.22592187
## Failed to yield right of way-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                          4.69466825
## Failure to reduce speed-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                              16.63933101
## Followed too closely-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                 -1.17278332
## Improper backing-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                      3.77188503
## Improper lane change-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                  1.78730446
## Improper or no signal-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                -3.21038964
## Improper parking-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                     -0.24048707
## Improper turn-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                         0.41716417
## Inattention-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                           4.96553814
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                              54.14151942
## Operated defective equipment-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                         -1.55690801
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                     -1.02923075
## Other improper passing-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                               -1.29630163
## Other*-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                               -0.61657220
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                            -1.06786250
## Passed on curve-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                      -9.60430791
## Passed on hill-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                      -12.77110692
## Passed stopped school bus-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                            -9.60430791
## Right turn on red-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                    -2.84432777
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                      -1.13964041
## Unable to determine-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                   2.99382634
## Use of improper lane-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                 -1.39751216
## Visibility obstructed-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                -2.01594126
## Failed to yield right of way-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                       2.29174767
## Failure to reduce speed-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                           14.23666524
## Followed too closely-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                              -3.60614593
## Improper backing-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                   1.36895418
## Improper lane change-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                              -0.61663650
## Improper or no signal-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                             -5.72249794
## Improper parking-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                  -2.64850750
## Improper turn-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                     -1.98816621
## Inattention-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                        2.56273022
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                           51.73887385
## Operated defective equipment-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                      -4.00039902
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                  -3.44922478
## Other improper passing-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                            -3.72773383
## Other*-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                            -3.02908938
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                         -3.48884441
## Passed on curve-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                  -12.16133521
## Passed on hill-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                   -15.33340259
## Passed stopped school bus-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                        -12.16133521
## Right turn on red-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                 -5.34778814
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                   -3.56849423
## Unable to determine-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                0.58949588
## Use of improper lane-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                              -3.83307872
## Visibility obstructed-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                             -4.48936805
## Failure to reduce speed-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                 11.12482736
## Followed too closely-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                    -6.76569684
## Improper backing-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                        -1.74334342
## Improper lane change-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                    -3.73067662
## Improper or no signal-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                   -8.97572048
## Improper parking-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                        -5.76944267
## Improper turn-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                           -5.10457992
## Inattention-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                             -0.54935432
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                 48.62707104
## Operated defective equipment-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                            -7.17378664
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Failed to yield right of way                                                        -6.58922005
## Other improper passing-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                  -6.88455811
## Other*-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                                  -6.15737707
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                               -6.63034204
## Passed on curve-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                        -15.45998980
## Passed on hill-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                         -18.63724586
## Passed stopped school bus-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                              -15.45998980
## Right turn on red-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                       -8.59185995
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Failed to yield right of way                                                         -6.72162815
## Unable to determine-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                     -2.52521231
## Use of improper lane-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                    -6.99570601
## Visibility obstructed-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                   -7.69996253
## Followed too closely-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                        -18.70725850
## Improper backing-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                            -13.68432157
## Improper lane change-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                        -15.67167787
## Improper or no signal-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                       -20.91826303
## Improper parking-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                            -17.71053399
## Improper turn-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                               -17.04561242
## Inattention-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                                 -12.49032963
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                      36.68609947
## Operated defective equipment-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                -19.11550502
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Failure to reduce speed                                                            -18.53055021
## Other improper passing-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                      -18.82608823
## Other*-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                                      -18.09856222
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                   -18.57169045
## Passed on curve-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                             -27.40296611
## Passed on hill-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                              -30.58027103
## Passed stopped school bus-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                   -27.40296611
## Right turn on red-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                           -20.53431308
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Failure to reduce speed                                                             -18.66311522
## Unable to determine-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                         -14.46622238
## Use of improper lane-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                        -18.93730299
## Visibility obstructed-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                       -19.64207909
## Improper backing-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                 3.60711921
## Improper lane change-Followed too closely                                                                                                                             1.62209038
## Improper or no signal-Followed too closely                                                                                                                           -3.42672745
## Improper parking-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                -0.40751830
## Improper turn-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                    0.25133242
## Inattention-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                      4.80082682
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Followed too closely                                                                                                         53.97688007
## Operated defective equipment-Followed too closely                                                                                                                    -1.74016625
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Followed too closely                                                                -1.20165680
## Other improper passing-Followed too closely                                                                                                                          -1.47396211
## Other*-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                          -0.78561894
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Followed too closely                                                                                                                       -1.24073759
## Passed on curve-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                 -9.84302250
## Passed on hill-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                 -13.01246330
## Passed stopped school bus-Followed too closely                                                                                                                       -9.84302250
## Right turn on red-Followed too closely                                                                                                                               -3.05640534
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Followed too closely                                                                 -1.31611435
## Unable to determine-Followed too closely                                                                                                                              2.82843924
## Use of improper lane-Followed too closely                                                                                                                            -1.57708298
## Visibility obstructed-Followed too closely                                                                                                                           -2.21340540
## Improper lane change-Improper backing                                                                                                                                -2.80804135
## Improper or no signal-Improper backing                                                                                                                               -8.05302298
## Improper parking-Improper backing                                                                                                                                    -4.84680377
## Improper turn-Improper backing                                                                                                                                       -4.18194340
## Inattention-Improper backing                                                                                                                                          0.37327991
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper backing                                                                                                             49.54970511
## Operated defective equipment-Improper backing                                                                                                                        -6.25112244
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper backing                                                                    -5.66657152
## Other improper passing-Improper backing                                                                                                                              -5.96190152
## Other*-Improper backing                                                                                                                                              -5.23473439
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper backing                                                                                                                           -5.70769278
## Passed on curve-Improper backing                                                                                                                                    -14.53727477
## Passed on hill-Improper backing                                                                                                                                     -17.71452884
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper backing                                                                                                                          -14.53727477
## Right turn on red-Improper backing                                                                                                                                   -7.66916607
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper backing                                                                     -5.79897330
## Unable to determine-Improper backing                                                                                                                                 -1.60257669
## Use of improper lane-Improper backing                                                                                                                                -6.07304672
## Visibility obstructed-Improper backing                                                                                                                               -6.77728226
## Improper or no signal-Improper lane change                                                                                                                           -6.07692115
## Improper parking-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                -2.87647026
## Improper turn-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                   -2.21184136
## Inattention-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                      2.34315722
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper lane change                                                                                                         51.51956769
## Operated defective equipment-Improper lane change                                                                                                                    -4.27830850
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper lane change                                                                -3.69529599
## Other improper passing-Improper lane change                                                                                                                          -3.98983466
## Other*-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                          -3.26403125
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper lane change                                                                                                                       -3.73634516
## Passed on curve-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                -12.55943555
## Passed on hill-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                 -15.73649377
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper lane change                                                                                                                      -12.55943555
## Right turn on red-Improper lane change                                                                                                                               -5.69342201
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper lane change                                                                 -3.82707701
## Unable to determine-Improper lane change                                                                                                                              0.36743718
## Use of improper lane-Improper lane change                                                                                                                            -4.10071477
## Visibility obstructed-Improper lane change                                                                                                                           -4.80288286
## Improper parking-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                               -1.67645049
## Improper turn-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                  -1.02830807
## Inattention-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                     3.51136873
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper or no signal                                                                                                        52.68679735
## Operated defective equipment-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                   -2.84071649
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper or no signal                                                               -2.41973114
## Other improper passing-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                         -2.63804450
## Other*-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                         -2.03608018
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                      -2.45436819
## Passed on curve-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                -9.74776345
## Passed on hill-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                -12.82713175
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                      -9.74776345
## Right turn on red-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                              -3.69524592
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper or no signal                                                                -2.49286871
## Unable to determine-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                             1.54488142
## Use of improper lane-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                           -2.72019749
## Visibility obstructed-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                          -3.11937297
## Improper turn-Improper parking                                                                                                                                       -0.24397696
## Inattention-Improper parking                                                                                                                                          4.31014355
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper parking                                                                                                             53.48649658
## Operated defective equipment-Improper parking                                                                                                                        -2.29960043
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper parking                                                                    -1.72279290
## Other improper passing-Improper parking                                                                                                                              -2.01415610
## Other*-Improper parking                                                                                                                                              -1.29380174
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper parking                                                                                                                           -1.76355428
## Passed on curve-Improper parking                                                                                                                                    -10.55979554
## Passed on hill-Improper parking                                                                                                                                     -13.73602698
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper parking                                                                                                                          -10.55979554
## Right turn on red-Improper parking                                                                                                                                   -3.70259534
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper parking                                                                     -1.85208597
## Unable to determine-Improper parking                                                                                                                                  2.33495669
## Use of improper lane-Improper parking                                                                                                                                -2.12396460
## Visibility obstructed-Improper parking                                                                                                                               -2.81765788
## Inattention-Improper turn                                                                                                                                             3.69284845
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper turn                                                                                                                52.86923900
## Operated defective equipment-Improper turn                                                                                                                           -2.92460047
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper turn                                                                       -2.34370278
## Other improper passing-Improper turn                                                                                                                                 -2.63715625
## Other*-Improper turn                                                                                                                                                 -1.91321917
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper turn                                                                                                                              -2.38465333
## Passed on curve-Improper turn                                                                                                                                       -11.19871439
## Passed on hill-Improper turn                                                                                                                                        -14.37549757
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper turn                                                                                                                             -11.19871439
## Right turn on red-Improper turn                                                                                                                                      -4.33563824
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper turn                                                                        -2.47463302
## Unable to determine-Improper turn                                                                                                                                     1.71731325
## Use of improper lane-Improper turn                                                                                                                                   -2.74767156
## Visibility obstructed-Improper turn                                                                                                                                  -3.44697582
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Inattention                                                                                                                  48.35783407
## Operated defective equipment-Inattention                                                                                                                             -7.44335366
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Inattention                                                                         -6.85861544
## Other improper passing-Inattention                                                                                                                                   -7.15404189
## Other*-Inattention                                                                                                                                                   -6.42670839
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Inattention                                                                                                                                -6.89974550
## Passed on curve-Inattention                                                                                                                                         -15.73011343
## Passed on hill-Inattention                                                                                                                                          -18.90739111
## Passed stopped school bus-Inattention                                                                                                                               -15.73011343
## Right turn on red-Inattention                                                                                                                                        -8.86175201
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Inattention                                                                          -6.99109290
## Unable to determine-Inattention                                                                                                                                      -2.79446629
## Use of improper lane-Inattention                                                                                                                                     -7.26521935
## Visibility obstructed-Inattention                                                                                                                                    -7.96970567
## Operated defective equipment-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                -56.61746044
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-No contributing circumstances indicated                                            -56.03247486
## Other improper passing-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                      -56.32802873
## Other*-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                                      -55.60047537
## Overcorrected/oversteered-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                   -56.07361655
## Passed on curve-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                             -64.90502108
## Passed on hill-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                              -68.08232987
## Passed stopped school bus-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                   -64.90502108
## Right turn on red-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                           -58.03632667
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-No contributing circumstances indicated                                             -56.16505231
## Unable to determine-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                         -51.96812163
## Use of improper lane-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                        -56.43924879
## Visibility obstructed-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                       -57.14406604
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Operated defective equipment                                                        -1.02417232
## Other improper passing-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                  -1.28914463
## Other*-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                                  -0.61285001
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                               -1.06262540
## Passed on curve-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                         -9.57074205
## Passed on hill-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                         -12.73635027
## Passed stopped school bus-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                               -9.57074205
## Right turn on red-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                       -2.82262621
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Operated defective equipment                                                         -1.13296212
## Unable to determine-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                      2.99611846
## Use of improper lane-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                    -1.38958084
## Visibility obstructed-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                   -2.00055655
## Other improper passing-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                              -1.39450805
## Other*-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                              -0.68964517
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                           -1.15223133
## Passed on curve-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                     -9.86322180
## Passed on hill-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                     -13.03664761
## Passed stopped school bus-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                           -9.86322180
## Right turn on red-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                   -3.03556600
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner     -1.23444313
## Unable to determine-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                  2.93176053
## Use of improper lane-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                -1.50116281
## Visibility obstructed-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                               -2.16879003
## Other*-Other improper passing                                                                                                                                        -0.62497401
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Other improper passing                                                                                                                     -1.08114009
## Passed on curve-Other improper passing                                                                                                                               -9.70013435
## Passed on hill-Other improper passing                                                                                                                               -12.87021795
## Passed stopped school bus-Other improper passing                                                                                                                     -9.70013435
## Right turn on red-Other improper passing                                                                                                                             -2.90696843
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Other improper passing                                                               -1.15749047
## Unable to determine-Other improper passing                                                                                                                            2.99009744
## Use of improper lane-Other improper passing                                                                                                                          -1.41928890
## Visibility obstructed-Other improper passing                                                                                                                         -2.06028037
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Other*                                                                                                                                     -1.45115727
## Passed on curve-Other*                                                                                                                                              -10.21656507
## Passed on hill-Other*                                                                                                                                               -13.39181365
## Passed stopped school bus-Other*                                                                                                                                    -10.21656507
## Right turn on red-Other*                                                                                                                                             -3.36977801
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Other*                                                                               -1.53729205
## Unable to determine-Other*                                                                                                                                            2.64174366
## Use of improper lane-Other*                                                                                                                                          -1.80723242
## Visibility obstructed-Other*                                                                                                                                         -2.49134788
## Passed on curve-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                            -9.83290297
## Passed on hill-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                            -13.00606841
## Passed stopped school bus-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                  -9.83290297
## Right turn on red-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                          -3.00796111
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                            -1.21111848
## Unable to determine-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                         2.95343134
## Use of improper lane-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                       -1.47741284
## Visibility obstructed-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                      -2.14280787
## Passed on hill-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                      -15.58435086
## Passed stopped school bus-Passed on curve                                                                                                                           -13.17118044
## Right turn on red-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                    -9.58224259
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Passed on curve                                                                      -8.88128015
## Unable to determine-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                  -4.89655140
## Use of improper lane-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                 -9.08957256
## Visibility obstructed-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                -9.31542362
## Passed stopped school bus-Passed on hill                                                                                                                            -15.58435086
## Right turn on red-Passed on hill                                                                                                                                    -12.68570393
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Passed on hill                                                                      -12.05218410
## Unable to determine-Passed on hill                                                                                                                                   -8.07353318
## Use of improper lane-Passed on hill                                                                                                                                 -12.25824765
## Visibility obstructed-Passed on hill                                                                                                                                -12.46263989
## Right turn on red-Passed stopped school bus                                                                                                                          -9.58224259
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Passed stopped school bus                                                            -8.88128015
## Unable to determine-Passed stopped school bus                                                                                                                        -4.89655140
## Use of improper lane-Passed stopped school bus                                                                                                                       -9.08957256
## Visibility obstructed-Passed stopped school bus                                                                                                                      -9.31542362
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Right turn on red                                                                    -2.17132071
## Unable to determine-Right turn on red                                                                                                                                 1.87704219
## Use of improper lane-Right turn on red                                                                                                                               -2.40232458
## Visibility obstructed-Right turn on red                                                                                                                              -2.83207524
## Unable to determine-Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist                                                                   2.88298341
## Use of improper lane-Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist                                                                 -1.53161047
## Visibility obstructed-Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist                                                                -2.17875894
## Use of improper lane-Unable to determine                                                                                                                             -5.31200015
## Visibility obstructed-Unable to determine                                                                                                                            -6.01336777
## Visibility obstructed-Use of improper lane                                                                                                                           -2.02359842
##                                                                                                                                                                              upr
## Alcohol use-                                                                                                                                                        -40.74601858
## Crossed centerline/going wrong way-                                                                                                                                 -40.81239703
## Disregarded other traffic signs-                                                                                                                                    -40.53271787
## Disregarded road markings-                                                                                                                                          -40.69086935
## Disregarded stop sign-                                                                                                                                              -40.83197798
## Disregarded traffic signals-                                                                                                                                        -40.26741486
## Disregarded yield sign-                                                                                                                                             -39.88636322
## Driver distracted-                                                                                                                                                  -40.61069877
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-                                                                                   -40.23199854
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-                                                                                                        -39.34010608
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-                                                                                 -39.12802676
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-                                                                                                                      -40.30087708
## Drug use-                                                                                                                                                           -39.74625924
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-                                                                                                                                    -40.78087384
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-                                                                                                                                 -38.37823837
## Failed to yield right of way-                                                                                                                                       -35.26645307
## Failure to reduce speed-                                                                                                                                            -23.32548174
## Followed too closely-                                                                                                                                               -40.61623897
## Improper backing-                                                                                                                                                   -36.18908713
## Improper lane change-                                                                                                                                               -38.15894879
## Improper or no signal-                                                                                                                                              -39.32611746
## Improper parking-                                                                                                                                                   -40.12587411
## Improper turn-                                                                                                                                                      -39.50861887
## Inattention-                                                                                                                                                        -34.99721621
## No contributing circumstances indicated-                                                                                                                             14.17641443
## Operated defective equipment-                                                                                                                                       -40.78287426
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-                                                                                   -40.72109778
## Other improper passing-                                                                                                                                             -40.77810696
## Other*-                                                                                                                                                             -40.43204109
## Overcorrected/oversteered-                                                                                                                                          -40.74264764
## Passed on curve-                                                                                                                                                    -32.88176698
## Passed on hill-                                                                                                                                                     -29.70445626
## Passed stopped school bus-                                                                                                                                          -32.88176698
## Right turn on red-                                                                                                                                                  -39.65887900
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-                                                                                    -40.67127916
## Unable to determine-                                                                                                                                                -36.94671496
## Use of improper lane-                                                                                                                                               -40.79604099
## Visibility obstructed-                                                                                                                                              -40.37212892
## Crossed centerline/going wrong way-Alcohol use                                                                                                                        1.28493899
## Disregarded other traffic signs-Alcohol use                                                                                                                           1.50436732
## Disregarded road markings-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                 1.38023419
## Disregarded stop sign-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                     1.25829583
## Disregarded traffic signals-Alcohol use                                                                                                                               1.88611194
## Disregarded yield sign-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                    2.10233457
## Driver distracted-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                         1.43933963
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Alcohol use                                                                          1.77661326
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Alcohol use                                                                                               2.62463117
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Alcohol use                                                                        2.83038976
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Alcohol use                                                                                                             1.71276831
## Drug use-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                                  2.23708123
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Alcohol use                                                                                                                           1.30599218
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Alcohol use                                                                                                                        3.73952518
## Failed to yield right of way-Alcohol use                                                                                                                              6.89931531
## Failure to reduce speed-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                  18.84087972
## Followed too closely-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                      1.48462219
## Improper backing-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                          5.97665733
## Improper lane change-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                      4.00445451
## Improper or no signal-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                     2.63815190
## Improper parking-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                          2.02822685
## Improper turn-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                             2.65158909
## Inattention-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                               7.16881425
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Alcohol use                                                                                                                  56.34282294
## Operated defective equipment-Alcohol use                                                                                                                              1.29844275
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Alcohol use                                                                          1.40696704
## Other improper passing-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                    1.32657678
## Other*-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                                    1.71207234
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                 1.38334481
## Passed on curve-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                           9.01354876
## Passed on hill-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                           12.18293160
## Passed stopped school bus-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                 9.01354876
## Right turn on red-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                         2.31912388
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Alcohol use                                                                           1.43856306
## Unable to determine-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                       5.21578971
## Use of improper lane-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                      1.30049580
## Visibility obstructed-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                     1.65547790
## Disregarded other traffic signs-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                    1.60094131
## Disregarded road markings-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                          1.47880313
## Disregarded stop sign-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                              1.35792649
## Disregarded traffic signals-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                        1.98890242
## Disregarded yield sign-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                             2.19585206
## Driver distracted-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                  1.53668937
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                   1.87141715
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                        2.71655484
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                 2.92188556
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                      1.80789130
## Drug use-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                           2.33024649
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                    1.40543753
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                 3.84059515
## Failed to yield right of way-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                       7.00265452
## Failure to reduce speed-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                           18.94424499
## Followed too closely-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                               1.58481897
## Improper backing-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                   6.07999549
## Improper lane change-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                               4.10768932
## Improper or no signal-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                              2.73004400
## Improper parking-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                   2.13104352
## Improper turn-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                      2.75468161
## Inattention-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                        7.27216498
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                           56.44619028
## Operated defective equipment-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                       1.39758316
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                   1.50855041
## Other improper passing-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                             1.42697436
## Other*-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                             1.81442687
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                          1.48482605
## Passed on curve-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                    9.10064873
## Passed on hill-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                    12.26946855
## Passed stopped school bus-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                          9.10064873
## Right turn on red-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                  2.41193576
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                    1.53922855
## Unable to determine-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                5.31898464
## Use of improper lane-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                               1.40046312
## Visibility obstructed-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                              1.75147226
## Disregarded road markings-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                             2.03802318
## Disregarded stop sign-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                 1.93965100
## Disregarded traffic signals-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                           2.63181209
## Disregarded yield sign-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                2.63396420
## Driver distracted-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                     2.06881001
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                      2.34256448
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                           3.11177602
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                    3.30524538
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                         2.28700489
## Drug use-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                              2.75906151
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                       1.98330662
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                    4.45123976
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                          7.65534815
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                              19.59739739
## Followed too closely-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                  2.17813381
## Improper backing-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                      6.73267059
## Improper lane change-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                  4.75853968
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                 3.12439471
## Improper parking-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                      2.77442574
## Improper turn-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                         3.40300620
## Inattention-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                           7.92506151
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                              57.09937902
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                          1.96904152
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                      2.12908036
## Other improper passing-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                2.02433262
## Other*-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                                2.44939164
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                             2.10340719
## Passed on curve-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                       9.35538995
## Passed on hill-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                       12.50710442
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                             9.35538995
## Right turn on red-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                     2.83131809
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                       2.14192714
## Unable to determine-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                   5.96912881
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                  1.98911404
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                 2.25186933
## Disregarded stop sign-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                       1.54922556
## Disregarded traffic signals-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                 2.20650475
## Disregarded yield sign-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                      2.33164507
## Driver distracted-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                           1.70794394
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded road markings                                                            2.01934241
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded road markings                                                                                 2.83703706
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded road markings                                                          3.03821036
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded road markings                                                                                               1.95879194
## Drug use-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                                    2.46268104
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                             1.59514022
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                          4.04409250
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                7.22464426
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                    19.16644177
## Followed too closely-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                        1.78095865
## Improper backing-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                            6.30197687
## Improper lane change-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                        4.32884842
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                       2.85022007
## Improper parking-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                            2.34885655
## Improper turn-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                               2.97470559
## Inattention-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                                 7.49424627
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                    56.66840346
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                1.58464635
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded road markings                                                            1.71631164
## Other improper passing-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                      1.62481769
## Other*-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                                      2.02850505
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                   1.69174276
## Passed on curve-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                             9.17340476
## Passed on hill-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                             12.33656779
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                   9.17340476
## Right turn on red-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                           2.54098616
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded road markings                                                             1.73933405
## Unable to determine-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                         5.53982601
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                        1.59464738
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                       1.91042513
## Disregarded traffic signals-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                     2.09251640
## Disregarded yield sign-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                          2.27843454
## Driver distracted-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                               1.62810723
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded stop sign                                                                1.95698399
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                     2.79541798
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded stop sign                                                              2.99974661
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                   1.89419570
## Drug use-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                        2.41200893
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                 1.50160747
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                              3.94040357
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                    7.10747129
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                        19.04911876
## Followed too closely-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                            1.68267704
## Improper backing-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                6.18480996
## Improper lane change-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                            4.21227765
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                           2.80883324
## Improper parking-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                2.23471505
## Improper turn-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                   2.85895831
## Inattention-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                     7.37700695
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                        56.55106856
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                    1.49306557
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded stop sign                                                                1.60949972
## Other improper passing-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                          1.52528201
## Other*-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                          1.91708144
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                       1.58554876
## Passed on curve-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                 9.16815111
## Passed on hill-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                 12.33563861
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                       9.16815111
## Right turn on red-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                               2.49287436
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded stop sign                                                                 1.63813503
## Unable to determine-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                             5.42348568
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                            1.49780662
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                           1.83978489
## Disregarded yield sign-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                    1.26439639
## Driver distracted-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                         0.54978872
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded traffic signals                                                          0.92183284
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                               1.80704408
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded traffic signals                                                        2.01818463
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                             0.85374265
## Drug use-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                                  1.40368576
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                           0.38591464
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                        2.79419030
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                              5.91554956
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                  17.85664636
## Followed too closely-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                      0.55305992
## Improper backing-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                          4.99291044
## Improper lane change-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                      3.02255539
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                     1.82096303
## Improper parking-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                          1.05369837
## Improper turn-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                             1.67221665
## Inattention-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                               6.18484184
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                  55.35855249
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                              0.38293770
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded traffic signals                                                          0.45329542
## Other improper passing-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                    0.39189004
## Other*-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                                    0.74550646
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                 0.43134669
## Passed on curve-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                           8.25528520
## Passed on hill-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                           11.43146293
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                 8.25528520
## Right turn on red-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                         1.49025891
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded traffic signals                                                           0.49966877
## Unable to determine-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                       4.23460062
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                      0.37247470
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                     0.78470528
## Driver distracted-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                              2.67464965
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded yield sign                                                               2.87677709
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                    3.53795248
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded yield sign                                                             3.71259089
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                  2.83131607
## Drug use-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                                       3.23570173
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                2.63482656
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                             5.13164408
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                   8.36855780
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                       20.31094029
## Followed too closely-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                           2.84364605
## Improper backing-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                               7.44586677
## Improper lane change-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                           5.47040517
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                          3.54920714
## Improper parking-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                               3.48075974
## Improper turn-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                                  4.11301632
## Inattention-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                                    8.63841861
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                       57.81294829
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                   2.61454841
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded yield sign                                                               2.81761078
## Other improper passing-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                         2.69339460
## Other*-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                                         3.14932389
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                      2.79035636
## Passed on curve-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                                9.52803781
## Passed on hill-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                                12.64526571
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                      9.52803781
## Right turn on red-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                              3.29421818
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded yield sign                                                                2.81560692
## Unable to determine-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                            6.68047712
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                           2.65047399
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                          2.82205074
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Driver distracted                                                                    2.21495327
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Driver distracted                                                                                         3.00468323
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Driver distracted                                                                  3.20146916
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Driver distracted                                                                                                       2.15732068
## Drug use-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                            2.64272971
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted                                                                                                                     1.82941089
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted                                                                                                                  4.28997750
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted                                                                                                                        7.48516919
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted                                                                                                                            19.42712456
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                2.02072226
## Improper backing-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                    6.56249543
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                4.58873865
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted                                                                                                                               3.01754440
## Improper parking-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                    2.60616821
## Improper turn-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                       3.23372499
## Inattention-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                         7.75484103
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted                                                                                                            56.92909875
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted                                                                                                                        1.81662775
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted                                                                    1.96566694
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted                                                                                                                              1.86601364
## Other*-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                              2.28289729
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted                                                                                                                           1.94041522
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                     9.28893888
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                     12.44574444
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted                                                                                                                           9.28893888
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                   2.71755632
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted                                                                     1.98241802
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                 5.79947289
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                1.83275588
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted                                                                                                                               2.11672916
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                          3.34689419
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)   3.53079323
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                        2.58412152
## Drug use-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                             3.02022769
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                      2.34016406
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                   4.82484892
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                         8.04835036
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                             19.99059867
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                 2.54306920
## Improper backing-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                     7.12566476
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                 5.15073939
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                3.35881704
## Improper parking-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                     3.16333021
## Improper turn-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                        3.79409934
## Inattention-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                          8.31815179
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                             57.49259605
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                         2.32244853
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)     2.50745629
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                               2.39132833
## Other*-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                               2.83449674
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                            2.48085367
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                      9.46676218
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                      12.60224136
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                            9.46676218
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                    3.08533144
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)      2.51160980
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                  6.36101994
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                 2.35164507
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                2.56307115
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                        4.11078632
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                             3.33031998
## Drug use-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                                  3.68772958
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                           3.19741616
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                        5.70922779
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                              8.96213928
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                  20.90467880
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                      3.41360750
## Improper backing-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                          8.03944190
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                      6.06335218
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                     3.96152175
## Improper parking-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                          4.07107707
## Improper turn-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                             4.70508464
## Inattention-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                               9.23206958
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                  58.40669923
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                              3.17390663
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                          3.39925791
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                    3.26519372
## Other*-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                                    3.73656006
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                 3.37121804
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                           9.70350744
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                           12.78385077
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                 9.70350744
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                         3.73603551
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                           3.38977709
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                       7.27317953
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                      3.21826921
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                     3.33758529
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                      3.48721933
## Drug use-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                           3.83043791
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                    3.37226710
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                 5.88809805
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                       9.14520750
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                           21.08778777
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                               3.59044477
## Improper backing-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                   8.22250848
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                               6.24625568
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                              4.09163663
## Improper parking-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                   4.25329633
## Improper turn-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                      4.88775979
## Inattention-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                        9.41515583
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                           58.58981142
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                       3.34788063
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)   3.57920329
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                             3.44252306
## Other*-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                             3.91797438
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                          3.55095607
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                    9.74882447
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                    12.81484010
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                          9.74882447
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                  3.87555732
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)    3.56773952
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                7.45601950
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                               3.39452485
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                              3.49929200
## Drug use-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                                2.97280009
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                         2.27439605
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                      4.75606639
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                            7.97615891
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                19.91837268
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                    2.47583960
## Improper backing-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                        7.05347470
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                    5.07868724
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                   3.31681154
## Improper parking-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                        3.09185167
## Improper turn-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                           3.72223952
## Inattention-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                             8.24594506
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                57.42036733
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                            2.25730927
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                        2.43782769
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                  2.32372830
## Other*-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                                  2.76368277
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                               2.41138962
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                         9.45085288
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                         12.58986818
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                               9.45085288
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                       3.03934287
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                         2.44352812
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                     6.28902139
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                    2.28484897
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                   2.50582889
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Drug use                                                                                                                              2.70376030
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Drug use                                                                                                                           5.20389487
## Failed to yield right of way-Drug use                                                                                                                                 8.44439793
## Failure to reduce speed-Drug use                                                                                                                                     20.38681592
## Followed too closely-Drug use                                                                                                                                         2.91420504
## Improper backing-Drug use                                                                                                                                             7.52170547
## Improper lane change-Drug use                                                                                                                                         5.54610193
## Improper or no signal-Drug use                                                                                                                                        3.58704721
## Improper parking-Drug use                                                                                                                                             3.55586320
## Improper turn-Drug use                                                                                                                                                4.18851468
## Inattention-Drug use                                                                                                                                                  8.71427445
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Drug use                                                                                                                     57.88882673
## Operated defective equipment-Drug use                                                                                                                                 2.68277309
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Drug use                                                                             2.89076827
## Other improper passing-Drug use                                                                                                                                       2.76436041
## Other*-Drug use                                                                                                                                                       3.22373402
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Drug use                                                                                                                                    2.86333832
## Passed on curve-Drug use                                                                                                                                              9.52225540
## Passed on hill-Drug use                                                                                                                                              12.63302682
## Passed stopped school bus-Drug use                                                                                                                                    9.52225540
## Right turn on red-Drug use                                                                                                                                            3.33789111
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Drug use                                                                              2.88709862
## Unable to determine-Drug use                                                                                                                                          6.75611864
## Use of improper lane-Drug use                                                                                                                                         2.72055429
## Visibility obstructed-Drug use                                                                                                                                        2.88085137
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                    3.92979448
## Failed to yield right of way-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                          7.09927090
## Failure to reduce speed-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                              19.04094552
## Followed too closely-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                  1.67111865
## Improper backing-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                      6.17660847
## Improper lane change-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                  4.20396834
## Improper or no signal-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                 2.78772550
## Improper parking-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                      2.22596770
## Improper turn-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                         2.85050028
## Inattention-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                           7.36881857
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                              56.54289748
## Operated defective equipment-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                          1.48034289
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                      1.59944308
## Other improper passing-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                1.51394298
## Other*-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                                1.90784645
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                             1.57538255
## Passed on curve-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                       9.14123973
## Passed on hill-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                       12.30803874
## Passed stopped school bus-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                             9.14123973
## Right turn on red-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                     2.47286264
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                       1.62708769
## Unable to determine-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                   5.41513473
## Use of improper lane-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                  1.48599678
## Visibility obstructed-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                 1.82350014
## Failed to yield right of way-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                       4.34647513
## Failure to reduce speed-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                           16.28789494
## Followed too closely-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                              -1.05123509
## Improper backing-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                   3.42382298
## Improper lane change-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                               1.45219295
## Improper or no signal-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                              0.14411745
## Improper parking-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                  -0.52172822
## Improper turn-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                      0.10011432
## Inattention-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                        4.61591015
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                           53.78982670
## Operated defective equipment-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                      -1.23188245
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                  -1.13627924
## Other improper passing-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                            -1.21034117
## Other*-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                            -0.83535272
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                         -1.15935189
## Passed on curve-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                    6.54255068
## Passed on hill-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                     9.71461806
## Passed stopped school bus-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                          6.54255068
## Right turn on red-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                 -0.17939334
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                   -1.09977484
## Unable to determine-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                2.66374884
## Use of improper lane-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                              -1.23415302
## Visibility obstructed-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                             -0.85878941
## Failure to reduce speed-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                 12.76151002
## Followed too closely-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                    -4.52990698
## Improper backing-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                        -0.10210222
## Improper lane change-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                    -2.07198973
## Improper or no signal-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                   -3.24088281
## Improper parking-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                        -4.03901585
## Improper turn-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                           -3.42169477
## Inattention-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                              1.08977188
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                 50.26340671
## Operated defective equipment-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                            -4.69671763
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Failed to yield right of way                                                        -4.63450678
## Other improper passing-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                  -4.69173969
## Other*-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                                  -4.34528783
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                               -4.65607705
## Passed on curve-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                          3.20298247
## Passed on hill-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                           6.38023853
## Passed stopped school bus-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                3.20298247
## Right turn on red-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                       -3.57354433
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Failed to yield right of way                                                         -4.58486371
## Unable to determine-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                     -0.85976577
## Use of improper lane-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                    -4.70974852
## Visibility obstructed-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                   -4.28641773
## Followed too closely-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                        -16.47468271
## Improper backing-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                            -12.04746145
## Improper lane change-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                        -14.01732586
## Improper or no signal-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                       -15.18467764
## Improper parking-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                            -15.98426190
## Improper turn-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                               -15.36699965
## Inattention-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                                 -10.85559019
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                      38.31804090
## Operated defective equipment-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                -16.64133662
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Failure to reduce speed                                                            -16.57951399
## Other improper passing-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                      -16.63654695
## Other*-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                                      -16.29044005
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                   -16.60106602
## Passed on curve-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                              -8.74037860
## Passed on hill-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                               -5.56307368
## Passed stopped school bus-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                    -8.74037860
## Right turn on red-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                           -15.51742858
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Failure to reduce speed                                                             -16.52971403
## Unable to determine-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                         -12.80509308
## Use of improper lane-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                        -16.65448893
## Visibility obstructed-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                       -16.23063856
## Improper backing-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                 5.84303897
## Improper lane change-Followed too closely                                                                                                                             3.87084709
## Improper or no signal-Followed too closely                                                                                                                            2.50572799
## Improper parking-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                 1.89466360
## Improper turn-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                    2.51799670
## Inattention-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                      7.03519456
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Followed too closely                                                                                                         56.20920150
## Operated defective equipment-Followed too closely                                                                                                                     1.16526580
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Followed too closely                                                                 1.27353380
## Other improper passing-Followed too closely                                                                                                                           1.19326813
## Other*-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                           1.57855786
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Followed too closely                                                                                                                        1.24992232
## Passed on curve-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                  8.88161899
## Passed on hill-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                  12.05105979
## Passed stopped school bus-Followed too closely                                                                                                                        8.88161899
## Right turn on red-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                2.18660488
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Followed too closely                                                                  1.30522630
## Unable to determine-Followed too closely                                                                                                                              5.08218650
## Use of improper lane-Followed too closely                                                                                                                             1.16723227
## Visibility obstructed-Followed too closely                                                                                                                            1.52262895
## Improper lane change-Improper backing                                                                                                                                -1.14917936
## Improper or no signal-Improper backing                                                                                                                               -2.31813467
## Improper parking-Improper backing                                                                                                                                    -3.11620911
## Improper turn-Improper backing                                                                                                                                       -2.49888566
## Inattention-Improper backing                                                                                                                                          2.01258329
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper backing                                                                                                             51.18621828
## Operated defective equipment-Improper backing                                                                                                                        -3.77393618
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper backing                                                                    -3.71170967
## Other improper passing-Improper backing                                                                                                                              -3.76895064
## Other*-Improper backing                                                                                                                                              -3.42248487
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper backing                                                                                                                           -3.73328067
## Passed on curve-Improper backing                                                                                                                                      4.12571308
## Passed on hill-Improper backing                                                                                                                                       7.30296715
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper backing                                                                                                                            4.12571308
## Right turn on red-Improper backing                                                                                                                                   -2.65079257
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper backing                                                                     -3.66207293
## Unable to determine-Improper backing                                                                                                                                  0.06304425
## Use of improper lane-Improper backing                                                                                                                                -3.78696217
## Visibility obstructed-Improper backing                                                                                                                               -3.36365237
## Improper or no signal-Improper lane change                                                                                                                           -0.33701579
## Improper parking-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                -1.12932190
## Improper turn-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                   -0.51176699
## Inattention-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                      3.99992670
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper lane change                                                                                                         53.17357641
## Operated defective equipment-Improper lane change                                                                                                                    -1.78952942
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper lane change                                                                -1.72576448
## Other improper passing-Improper lane change                                                                                                                          -1.78379679
## Other*-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                          -1.43596730
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper lane change                                                                                                                       -1.74740758
## Passed on curve-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                  6.10509457
## Passed on hill-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                   9.28215279
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper lane change                                                                                                                        6.10509457
## Right turn on red-Improper lane change                                                                                                                               -0.66931591
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper lane change                                                                 -1.67674850
## Unable to determine-Improper lane change                                                                                                                              2.05025109
## Use of improper lane-Improper lane change                                                                                                                            -1.80207342
## Visibility obstructed-Improper lane change                                                                                                                           -1.38083106
## Improper parking-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                4.08459526
## Improper turn-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                   4.71863666
## Inattention-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                     9.24565212
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper or no signal                                                                                                        58.42028369
## Operated defective equipment-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                    3.18681552
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper or no signal                                                                3.41260760
## Other improper passing-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                          3.27835000
## Other*-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                          3.75001857
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                       3.38455239
## Passed on curve-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                 9.70735941
## Passed on hill-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                 12.78672771
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                       9.70735941
## Right turn on red-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                               3.74644494
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper or no signal                                                                 3.40298013
## Unable to determine-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                             7.28674379
## Use of improper lane-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                            3.23134625
## Visibility obstructed-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                           3.34959599
## Improper turn-Improper parking                                                                                                                                        1.52616078
## Inattention-Improper parking                                                                                                                                          6.03873253
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper parking                                                                                                             55.21243969
## Operated defective equipment-Improper parking                                                                                                                         0.23755468
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper parking                                                                     0.30752460
## Other improper passing-Improper parking                                                                                                                               0.24631682
## Other*-Improper parking                                                                                                                                               0.59959536
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper parking                                                                                                                            0.28559370
## Passed on curve-Improper parking                                                                                                                                      8.11124673
## Passed on hill-Improper parking                                                                                                                                      11.28747817
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper parking                                                                                                                            8.11124673
## Right turn on red-Improper parking                                                                                                                                    1.34564958
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper parking                                                                      0.35405262
## Unable to determine-Improper parking                                                                                                                                  4.08852374
## Use of improper lane-Improper parking                                                                                                                                 0.22696858
## Visibility obstructed-Improper parking                                                                                                                                0.63973613
## Inattention-Improper turn                                                                                                                                             5.37384380
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper turn                                                                                                                54.54751345
## Operated defective equipment-Improper turn                                                                                                                           -0.41962910
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper turn                                                                       -0.35374935
## Other improper passing-Improper turn                                                                                                                                 -0.41286685
## Other*-Improper turn                                                                                                                                                 -0.06317104
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper turn                                                                                                                              -0.37549107
## Passed on curve-Improper turn                                                                                                                                         7.46798175
## Passed on hill-Improper turn                                                                                                                                         10.64476493
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper turn                                                                                                                               7.46798175
## Right turn on red-Improper turn                                                                                                                                       0.69650865
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper turn                                                                        -0.30558416
## Unable to determine-Improper turn                                                                                                                                     3.42398336
## Use of improper lane-Improper turn                                                                                                                                   -0.43150828
## Visibility obstructed-Improper turn                                                                                                                                  -0.01312975
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Inattention                                                                                                                  49.99222611
## Operated defective equipment-Inattention                                                                                                                             -4.96756817
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Inattention                                                                         -4.90552894
## Other improper passing-Inattention                                                                                                                                   -4.96267347
## Other*-Inattention                                                                                                                                                   -4.61637407
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Inattention                                                                                                                                -4.92709115
## Passed on curve-Inattention                                                                                                                                           2.93268854
## Passed on hill-Inattention                                                                                                                                            6.10996622
## Passed stopped school bus-Inattention                                                                                                                                 2.93268854
## Right turn on red-Inattention                                                                                                                                        -3.84406982
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Inattention                                                                          -4.85581653
## Unable to determine-Inattention                                                                                                                                      -1.13092936
## Use of improper lane-Inattention                                                                                                                                     -4.98065275
## Visibility obstructed-Inattention                                                                                                                                    -4.55709216
## Operated defective equipment-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                -54.14352157
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-No contributing circumstances indicated                                            -54.08172971
## Other improper passing-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                      -54.13874682
## Other*-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                                      -53.79266728
## Overcorrected/oversteered-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                   -54.10328030
## Passed on curve-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                             -46.24246400
## Passed on hill-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                              -43.06515521
## Passed stopped school bus-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                   -46.24246400
## Right turn on red-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                           -53.01955536
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-No contributing circumstances indicated                                             -54.03191731
## Unable to determine-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                         -50.30733420
## Use of improper lane-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                        -54.15668350
## Visibility obstructed-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                       -53.73279197
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Operated defective equipment                                                         1.67094976
## Other improper passing-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                   1.58335110
## Other*-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                                   1.98068937
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                1.64671057
## Passed on curve-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                          9.18423898
## Passed on hill-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                          12.34984721
## Passed stopped school bus-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                9.18423898
## Right turn on red-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                        2.52772619
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Operated defective equipment                                                          1.69697452
## Unable to determine-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                      5.48940772
## Use of improper lane-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                     1.55463056
## Visibility obstructed-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                    1.88468054
## Other improper passing-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                               1.04193708
## Other*-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                               1.41070709
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                            1.08953906
## Passed on curve-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                      8.82994129
## Passed on hill-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                      12.00336711
## Passed stopped school bus-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                            8.82994129
## Right turn on red-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                    2.09388854
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner      1.15167809
## Unable to determine-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                  4.90698821
## Use of improper lane-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                 1.01943510
## Visibility obstructed-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                1.40613659
## Other*-Other improper passing                                                                                                                                         1.69860691
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Other improper passing                                                                                                                      1.37101879
## Passed on curve-Other improper passing                                                                                                                                9.01942481
## Passed on hill-Other improper passing                                                                                                                                12.18950842
## Passed stopped school bus-Other improper passing                                                                                                                      9.01942481
## Right turn on red-Other improper passing                                                                                                                              2.31786195
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Other improper passing                                                                1.42729640
## Unable to determine-Other improper passing                                                                                                                            5.20122228
## Use of improper lane-Other improper passing                                                                                                                           1.29013216
## Visibility obstructed-Other improper passing                                                                                                                          1.65019790
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Other*                                                                                                                                      0.66740307
## Passed on curve-Other*                                                                                                                                                8.46222263
## Passed on hill-Other*                                                                                                                                                11.63747121
## Passed stopped school bus-Other*                                                                                                                                      8.46222263
## Right turn on red-Other*                                                                                                                                              1.70703864
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Other*                                                                                0.73346508
## Unable to determine-Other*                                                                                                                                            4.47594316
## Use of improper lane-Other*                                                                                                                                           0.60444278
## Visibility obstructed-Other*                                                                                                                                          1.00763251
## Passed on curve-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                             8.86231473
## Passed on hill-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                             12.03548017
## Passed stopped school bus-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                   8.86231473
## Right turn on red-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                           2.12897593
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                             1.19104571
## Unable to determine-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                         4.94800967
## Use of improper lane-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                        1.05837740
## Visibility obstructed-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                       1.44284669
## Passed on hill-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                       15.58435087
## Passed stopped school bus-Passed on curve                                                                                                                            13.17118044
## Right turn on red-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                     9.67384564
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Passed on curve                                                                       9.83179562
## Unable to determine-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                  13.76858065
## Use of improper lane-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                  9.64112535
## Visibility obstructed-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                 9.58605068
## Passed stopped school bus-Passed on hill                                                                                                                             15.58435087
## Right turn on red-Passed on hill                                                                                                                                     12.77730698
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Passed on hill                                                                       13.00269956
## Unable to determine-Passed on hill                                                                                                                                   16.94556243
## Use of improper lane-Passed on hill                                                                                                                                  12.80980044
## Visibility obstructed-Passed on hill                                                                                                                                 12.73326695
## Right turn on red-Passed stopped school bus                                                                                                                           9.67384564
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Passed stopped school bus                                                             9.83179562
## Unable to determine-Passed stopped school bus                                                                                                                        13.76858065
## Use of improper lane-Passed stopped school bus                                                                                                                        9.64112535
## Visibility obstructed-Passed stopped school bus                                                                                                                       9.58605068
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Right turn on red                                                                     3.03023312
## Unable to determine-Right turn on red                                                                                                                                 6.90338401
## Use of improper lane-Right turn on red                                                                                                                                2.86227432
## Visibility obstructed-Right turn on red                                                                                                                               3.01109924
## Unable to determine-Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist                                                                   5.03853037
## Use of improper lane-Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist                                                                  1.13264780
## Visibility obstructed-Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist                                                                 1.49887054
## Use of improper lane-Unable to determine                                                                                                                             -3.00847631
## Visibility obstructed-Unable to determine                                                                                                                            -2.58803442
## Visibility obstructed-Use of improper lane                                                                                                                            1.74267268
##                                                                                                                                                                         p adj
## Alcohol use-                                                                                                                                                        0.0000000
## Crossed centerline/going wrong way-                                                                                                                                 0.0000000
## Disregarded other traffic signs-                                                                                                                                    0.0000000
## Disregarded road markings-                                                                                                                                          0.0000000
## Disregarded stop sign-                                                                                                                                              0.0000000
## Disregarded traffic signals-                                                                                                                                        0.0000000
## Disregarded yield sign-                                                                                                                                             0.0000000
## Driver distracted-                                                                                                                                                  0.0000000
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-                                                                                   0.0000000
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-                                                                                                        0.0000000
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-                                                                                 0.0000000
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-                                                                                                                      0.0000000
## Drug use-                                                                                                                                                           0.0000000
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-                                                                                                                                    0.0000000
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-                                                                                                                                 0.0000000
## Failed to yield right of way-                                                                                                                                       0.0000000
## Failure to reduce speed-                                                                                                                                            0.0000000
## Followed too closely-                                                                                                                                               0.0000000
## Improper backing-                                                                                                                                                   0.0000000
## Improper lane change-                                                                                                                                               0.0000000
## Improper or no signal-                                                                                                                                              0.0000000
## Improper parking-                                                                                                                                                   0.0000000
## Improper turn-                                                                                                                                                      0.0000000
## Inattention-                                                                                                                                                        0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-                                                                                                                            0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-                                                                                                                                       0.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-                                                                                   0.0000000
## Other improper passing-                                                                                                                                             0.0000000
## Other*-                                                                                                                                                             0.0000000
## Overcorrected/oversteered-                                                                                                                                          0.0000000
## Passed on curve-                                                                                                                                                    0.0000000
## Passed on hill-                                                                                                                                                     0.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-                                                                                                                                          0.0000000
## Right turn on red-                                                                                                                                                  0.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-                                                                                    0.0000000
## Unable to determine-                                                                                                                                                0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-                                                                                                                                               0.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-                                                                                                                                              0.0000000
## Crossed centerline/going wrong way-Alcohol use                                                                                                                      1.0000000
## Disregarded other traffic signs-Alcohol use                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Disregarded road markings-Alcohol use                                                                                                                               1.0000000
## Disregarded stop sign-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                   1.0000000
## Disregarded traffic signals-Alcohol use                                                                                                                             0.9025744
## Disregarded yield sign-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                  1.0000000
## Driver distracted-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                       1.0000000
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Alcohol use                                                                        1.0000000
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Alcohol use                                                                                             1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Alcohol use                                                                      1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Alcohol use                                                                                                           1.0000000
## Drug use-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                                1.0000000
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Alcohol use                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Alcohol use                                                                                                                      0.0000000
## Failed to yield right of way-Alcohol use                                                                                                                            0.0000000
## Failure to reduce speed-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                 0.0000000
## Followed too closely-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                    1.0000000
## Improper backing-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                        0.0000000
## Improper lane change-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                    0.0000000
## Improper or no signal-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                   1.0000000
## Improper parking-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                        0.5561936
## Improper turn-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                           0.0001572
## Inattention-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                             0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Alcohol use                                                                                                                 0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Alcohol use                                                                                                                            1.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Alcohol use                                                                        1.0000000
## Other improper passing-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                  1.0000000
## Other*-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                                  0.9997104
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Alcohol use                                                                                                                               1.0000000
## Passed on curve-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                          1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Alcohol use                                                                                                                               1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                       1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Alcohol use                                                                         1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                     0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                    1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Alcohol use                                                                                                                                   1.0000000
## Disregarded other traffic signs-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                  1.0000000
## Disregarded road markings-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                        1.0000000
## Disregarded stop sign-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                            1.0000000
## Disregarded traffic signals-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                      0.7569090
## Disregarded yield sign-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                           1.0000000
## Driver distracted-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                1.0000000
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                 1.0000000
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                      1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                               1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                    1.0000000
## Drug use-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                  1.0000000
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                               0.0000000
## Failed to yield right of way-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                     0.0000000
## Failure to reduce speed-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                          0.0000000
## Followed too closely-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                             1.0000000
## Improper backing-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                 0.0000000
## Improper lane change-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                             0.0000000
## Improper or no signal-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                            1.0000000
## Improper parking-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                 0.3611563
## Improper turn-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                    0.0000528
## Inattention-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                      0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                          0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                     1.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                 1.0000000
## Other improper passing-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                           1.0000000
## Other*-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                           0.9958427
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                        1.0000000
## Passed on curve-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                  1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                   1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                        1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                                1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                  1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                              0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                             1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Crossed centerline/going wrong way                                                                                                            1.0000000
## Disregarded road markings-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                           1.0000000
## Disregarded stop sign-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                               1.0000000
## Disregarded traffic signals-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                         0.9297808
## Disregarded yield sign-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                              1.0000000
## Driver distracted-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                   1.0000000
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                    1.0000000
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                         1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                  1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                       1.0000000
## Drug use-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                            1.0000000
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                     1.0000000
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                  0.0000005
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                        0.0000000
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                             0.0000000
## Followed too closely-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                1.0000000
## Improper backing-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                    0.0000000
## Improper lane change-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                0.0000000
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                               1.0000000
## Improper parking-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                    0.7319060
## Improper turn-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                       0.0102340
## Inattention-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                         0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                             0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                        1.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                    1.0000000
## Other improper passing-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                              1.0000000
## Other*-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                              0.9983984
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                           1.0000000
## Passed on curve-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                     1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                      1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                           1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                   1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                     1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                 0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                                1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded other traffic signs                                                                                                               1.0000000
## Disregarded stop sign-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                     1.0000000
## Disregarded traffic signals-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                               0.8778093
## Disregarded yield sign-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                    1.0000000
## Driver distracted-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded road markings                                                          1.0000000
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded road markings                                                                               1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded road markings                                                        1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded road markings                                                                                             1.0000000
## Drug use-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                                  1.0000000
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                           1.0000000
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                        0.0000000
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                              0.0000000
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                   0.0000000
## Followed too closely-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                      1.0000000
## Improper backing-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                          0.0000000
## Improper lane change-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                      0.0000000
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                     1.0000000
## Improper parking-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                          0.5700216
## Improper turn-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                             0.0008721
## Inattention-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                               0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                   0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                              1.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded road markings                                                          1.0000000
## Other improper passing-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                    1.0000000
## Other*-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                                    0.9983262
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                 1.0000000
## Passed on curve-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                           1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                            1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                 1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded road markings                                                           1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                       0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                      1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded road markings                                                                                                                     1.0000000
## Disregarded traffic signals-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                   0.6730235
## Disregarded yield sign-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                        1.0000000
## Driver distracted-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                             1.0000000
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded stop sign                                                              1.0000000
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                   1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded stop sign                                                            1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                 1.0000000
## Drug use-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                      1.0000000
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                               1.0000000
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                            0.0000000
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                  0.0000000
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                       0.0000000
## Followed too closely-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                          1.0000000
## Improper backing-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                              0.0000000
## Improper lane change-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                          0.0000000
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Improper parking-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                              0.2958513
## Improper turn-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                 0.0000493
## Inattention-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                   0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                       0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                  1.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded stop sign                                                              1.0000000
## Other improper passing-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                        1.0000000
## Other*-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                        0.9877756
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                     1.0000000
## Passed on curve-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                               1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                                1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                     1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                             1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded stop sign                                                               1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                           0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                          1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded stop sign                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Disregarded yield sign-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                  0.9996423
## Driver distracted-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                       0.8997317
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded traffic signals                                                        0.9913602
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                             0.9999968
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded traffic signals                                                      0.9999996
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                           0.9849495
## Drug use-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                                0.9999362
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                         0.7813169
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                      0.0000002
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                            0.0000000
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                 0.0000000
## Followed too closely-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                    0.9941532
## Improper backing-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                        0.0000000
## Improper lane change-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                    0.0000000
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                   0.9999972
## Improper parking-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                        1.0000000
## Improper turn-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                           0.1987941
## Inattention-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                             0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                 0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                            0.7501677
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded traffic signals                                                        0.9834752
## Other improper passing-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                  0.8635142
## Other*-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                                  1.0000000
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                               0.9680266
## Passed on curve-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                          1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                               1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                       0.9999581
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded traffic signals                                                         0.9862789
## Unable to determine-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                     0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                    0.7918639
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded traffic signals                                                                                                                   0.9868159
## Driver distracted-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                            1.0000000
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Disregarded yield sign                                                             1.0000000
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                  1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Disregarded yield sign                                                           1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                1.0000000
## Drug use-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                                     1.0000000
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                              1.0000000
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                           0.0036546
## Failed to yield right of way-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                 0.0000000
## Failure to reduce speed-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                      0.0000000
## Followed too closely-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Improper backing-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                             0.0000000
## Improper lane change-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                         0.0000488
## Improper or no signal-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                        1.0000000
## Improper parking-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                             0.9953946
## Improper turn-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                                0.4382405
## Inattention-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                                  0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                      0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                 1.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Disregarded yield sign                                                             1.0000000
## Other improper passing-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                       1.0000000
## Other*-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                                       0.9999984
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                    1.0000000
## Passed on curve-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                              1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                               1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                    1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                            1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Disregarded yield sign                                                              1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                          0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Disregarded yield sign                                                                                                                        1.0000000
## Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)-Driver distracted                                                                  1.0000000
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Driver distracted                                                                                       1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Driver distracted                                                                1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Driver distracted                                                                                                     1.0000000
## Drug use-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                          1.0000000
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted                                                                                                                   1.0000000
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted                                                                                                                0.0000001
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted                                                                                                                      0.0000000
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted                                                                                                                           0.0000000
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted                                                                                                                              1.0000000
## Improper backing-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                  0.0000000
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted                                                                                                                              0.0000000
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted                                                                                                                             1.0000000
## Improper parking-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                  0.6488422
## Improper turn-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                     0.0037409
## Inattention-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                       0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted                                                                                                           0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted                                                                                                                      1.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted                                                                  1.0000000
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted                                                                                                                            1.0000000
## Other*-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                            0.9978104
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                   1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                    1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted                                                                                                                                 1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted                                                                   1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted                                                                                                                               0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted                                                                                                                              1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted                                                                                                                             1.0000000
## Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                        1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.) 1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                      1.0000000
## Drug use-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                           1.0000000
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                    1.0000000
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                 0.0001005
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                       0.0000000
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                            0.0000000
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                               1.0000000
## Improper backing-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                   0.0000000
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                               0.0000002
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                              1.0000000
## Improper parking-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                   0.9429188
## Improper turn-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                      0.1127237
## Inattention-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                        0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                            0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                       1.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)   1.0000000
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                             1.0000000
## Other*-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                             0.9998992
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                          1.0000000
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                    1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                     1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                          1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                  1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)    1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                                0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                               1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted by electronic communication device (cell phone, texting, etc.)                                                              1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                      1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                           1.0000000
## Drug use-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                                1.0000000
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                         1.0000000
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                      0.0891628
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                            0.0000000
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                 0.0000000
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                    1.0000000
## Improper backing-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                        0.0000000
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                    0.0079285
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                   1.0000000
## Improper parking-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                        0.9999249
## Improper turn-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                           0.8808582
## Inattention-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                             0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                 0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                            1.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                        1.0000000
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                  1.0000000
## Other*-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                                  1.0000000
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                               1.0000000
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                         1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                          1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                               1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                       1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                         1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                     0.0000015
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                    1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted by external distraction (outside vehicle)                                                                                   1.0000000
## Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                    1.0000000
## Drug use-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                         1.0000000
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                  1.0000000
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                               0.1853845
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                     0.0000000
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                          0.0000000
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                             1.0000000
## Improper backing-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                 0.0000000
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                             0.0263126
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                            1.0000000
## Improper parking-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                 0.9999887
## Improper turn-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                    0.9504595
## Inattention-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                      0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                          0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                     1.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.) 1.0000000
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                           1.0000000
## Other*-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                           1.0000000
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                        1.0000000
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                  1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                   1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                        1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                                1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)  1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                              0.0000168
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                             1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted by other electronic device (navigation device, DVD player, etc.)                                                            1.0000000
## Drug use-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                              1.0000000
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                       1.0000000
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                    0.0000388
## Failed to yield right of way-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                          0.0000000
## Failure to reduce speed-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                               0.0000000
## Followed too closely-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                  1.0000000
## Improper backing-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                      0.0000000
## Improper lane change-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                  0.0000000
## Improper or no signal-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                 1.0000000
## Improper parking-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                      0.9133121
## Improper turn-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                         0.0743599
## Inattention-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                           0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                               0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                          1.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                      1.0000000
## Other improper passing-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                1.0000000
## Other*-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                                0.9997865
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                             1.0000000
## Passed on curve-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                       1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                        1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                             1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                     1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                       1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                   0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                  1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Driver distracted by other inside the vehicle                                                                                                 1.0000000
## Exceeded authorized speed limit-Drug use                                                                                                                            1.0000000
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Drug use                                                                                                                         0.0103312
## Failed to yield right of way-Drug use                                                                                                                               0.0000000
## Failure to reduce speed-Drug use                                                                                                                                    0.0000000
## Followed too closely-Drug use                                                                                                                                       1.0000000
## Improper backing-Drug use                                                                                                                                           0.0000000
## Improper lane change-Drug use                                                                                                                                       0.0002346
## Improper or no signal-Drug use                                                                                                                                      1.0000000
## Improper parking-Drug use                                                                                                                                           0.9988364
## Improper turn-Drug use                                                                                                                                              0.6003326
## Inattention-Drug use                                                                                                                                                0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Drug use                                                                                                                    0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Drug use                                                                                                                               1.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Drug use                                                                           1.0000000
## Other improper passing-Drug use                                                                                                                                     1.0000000
## Other*-Drug use                                                                                                                                                     0.9999998
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Drug use                                                                                                                                  1.0000000
## Passed on curve-Drug use                                                                                                                                            1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Drug use                                                                                                                                             1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Drug use                                                                                                                                  1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Drug use                                                                                                                                          1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Drug use                                                                            1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Drug use                                                                                                                                        0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Drug use                                                                                                                                       1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Drug use                                                                                                                                      1.0000000
## Exceeded safe speed for conditions-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                  0.0000000
## Failed to yield right of way-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                        0.0000000
## Failure to reduce speed-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                             0.0000000
## Followed too closely-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                1.0000000
## Improper backing-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                    0.0000000
## Improper lane change-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                0.0000000
## Improper or no signal-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                               1.0000000
## Improper parking-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                    0.4066659
## Improper turn-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                       0.0001359
## Inattention-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                         0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                             0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                        1.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                    1.0000000
## Other improper passing-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                              1.0000000
## Other*-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                              0.9956595
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                           1.0000000
## Passed on curve-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                     1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                      1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                           1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                   1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                     1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                 0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                                1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Exceeded authorized speed limit                                                                                                               1.0000000
## Failed to yield right of way-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                     0.0000000
## Failure to reduce speed-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                          0.0000000
## Followed too closely-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                             0.0000000
## Improper backing-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                 0.0000000
## Improper lane change-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                             0.9999704
## Improper or no signal-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                            0.0941827
## Improper parking-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                 0.0000055
## Improper turn-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                    0.1617215
## Inattention-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                      0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                          0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                     0.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                 0.0000000
## Other improper passing-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                           0.0000000
## Other*-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                           0.0000000
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                        0.0000000
## Passed on curve-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                  1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                   1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                        1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                                0.0184333
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                  0.0000000
## Unable to determine-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                              0.0000009
## Use of improper lane-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                             0.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Exceeded safe speed for conditions                                                                                                            0.0000082
## Failure to reduce speed-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                0.0000000
## Followed too closely-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                   0.0000000
## Improper backing-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                       0.0077320
## Improper lane change-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                   0.0000000
## Improper or no signal-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                  0.0000000
## Improper parking-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                       0.0000000
## Improper turn-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                          0.0000000
## Inattention-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                            0.9999999
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                           0.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Failed to yield right of way                                                       0.0000000
## Other improper passing-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                 0.0000000
## Other*-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                                 0.0000000
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                              0.0000000
## Passed on curve-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                        0.8571573
## Passed on hill-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                         0.9980423
## Passed stopped school bus-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                              0.8571573
## Right turn on red-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                      0.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Failed to yield right of way                                                        0.0000000
## Unable to determine-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                    0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                   0.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Failed to yield right of way                                                                                                                  0.0000000
## Followed too closely-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                        0.0000000
## Improper backing-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                            0.0000000
## Improper lane change-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                        0.0000000
## Improper or no signal-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                       0.0000000
## Improper parking-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                            0.0000000
## Improper turn-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                               0.0000000
## Inattention-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                                 0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                     0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                0.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Failure to reduce speed                                                            0.0000000
## Other improper passing-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                      0.0000000
## Other*-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                                      0.0000000
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                   0.0000000
## Passed on curve-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                             0.0000000
## Passed on hill-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                              0.0000155
## Passed stopped school bus-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                   0.0000000
## Right turn on red-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                           0.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Failure to reduce speed                                                             0.0000000
## Unable to determine-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                         0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                        0.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Failure to reduce speed                                                                                                                       0.0000000
## Improper backing-Followed too closely                                                                                                                               0.0000000
## Improper lane change-Followed too closely                                                                                                                           0.0000000
## Improper or no signal-Followed too closely                                                                                                                          1.0000000
## Improper parking-Followed too closely                                                                                                                               0.8795332
## Improper turn-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                  0.0014258
## Inattention-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                    0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Followed too closely                                                                                                        0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Followed too closely                                                                                                                   1.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Followed too closely                                                               1.0000000
## Other improper passing-Followed too closely                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Other*-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                         0.9999998
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Followed too closely                                                                                                                      1.0000000
## Passed on curve-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Followed too closely                                                                                                                                 1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Followed too closely                                                                                                                      1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Followed too closely                                                                                                                              1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Followed too closely                                                                1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Followed too closely                                                                                                                            0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Followed too closely                                                                                                                           1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Followed too closely                                                                                                                          1.0000000
## Improper lane change-Improper backing                                                                                                                               0.0000000
## Improper or no signal-Improper backing                                                                                                                              0.0000000
## Improper parking-Improper backing                                                                                                                                   0.0000000
## Improper turn-Improper backing                                                                                                                                      0.0000000
## Inattention-Improper backing                                                                                                                                        0.0000122
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper backing                                                                                                            0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Improper backing                                                                                                                       0.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper backing                                                                   0.0000000
## Other improper passing-Improper backing                                                                                                                             0.0000000
## Other*-Improper backing                                                                                                                                             0.0000000
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper backing                                                                                                                          0.0000000
## Passed on curve-Improper backing                                                                                                                                    0.9817820
## Passed on hill-Improper backing                                                                                                                                     0.9999396
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper backing                                                                                                                          0.9817820
## Right turn on red-Improper backing                                                                                                                                  0.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper backing                                                                    0.0000000
## Unable to determine-Improper backing                                                                                                                                0.1290549
## Use of improper lane-Improper backing                                                                                                                               0.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Improper backing                                                                                                                              0.0000000
## Improper or no signal-Improper lane change                                                                                                                          0.0086661
## Improper parking-Improper lane change                                                                                                                               0.0000000
## Improper turn-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                  0.0000004
## Inattention-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                    0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper lane change                                                                                                        0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Improper lane change                                                                                                                   0.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper lane change                                                               0.0000000
## Other improper passing-Improper lane change                                                                                                                         0.0000000
## Other*-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                         0.0000000
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper lane change                                                                                                                      0.0000000
## Passed on curve-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                0.9999995
## Passed on hill-Improper lane change                                                                                                                                 1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper lane change                                                                                                                      0.9999995
## Right turn on red-Improper lane change                                                                                                                              0.0006176
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper lane change                                                                0.0000000
## Unable to determine-Improper lane change                                                                                                                            0.0000185
## Use of improper lane-Improper lane change                                                                                                                           0.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Improper lane change                                                                                                                          0.0000000
## Improper parking-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                              0.9999331
## Improper turn-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                 0.8869326
## Inattention-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                   0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper or no signal                                                                                                       0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                  1.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper or no signal                                                              1.0000000
## Other improper passing-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                        1.0000000
## Other*-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                        1.0000000
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                     1.0000000
## Passed on curve-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                               1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                                1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                     1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                             1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper or no signal                                                               1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                           0.0000018
## Use of improper lane-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                          1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Improper or no signal                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Improper turn-Improper parking                                                                                                                                      0.6709822
## Inattention-Improper parking                                                                                                                                        0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper parking                                                                                                            0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Improper parking                                                                                                                       0.3828906
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper parking                                                                   0.7543326
## Other improper passing-Improper parking                                                                                                                             0.4800864
## Other*-Improper parking                                                                                                                                             0.9999974
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper parking                                                                                                                          0.6808126
## Passed on curve-Improper parking                                                                                                                                    1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Improper parking                                                                                                                                     1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper parking                                                                                                                          1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Improper parking                                                                                                                                  0.9992454
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper parking                                                                    0.8038526
## Unable to determine-Improper parking                                                                                                                                0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Improper parking                                                                                                                               0.4007219
## Visibility obstructed-Improper parking                                                                                                                              0.9085307
## Inattention-Improper turn                                                                                                                                           0.0000000
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Improper turn                                                                                                               0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Improper turn                                                                                                                          0.0001595
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Improper turn                                                                      0.0001047
## Other improper passing-Improper turn                                                                                                                                0.0000755
## Other*-Improper turn                                                                                                                                                0.0187516
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Improper turn                                                                                                                             0.0000716
## Passed on curve-Improper turn                                                                                                                                       1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Improper turn                                                                                                                                        1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Improper turn                                                                                                                             1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Improper turn                                                                                                                                     0.6747039
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Improper turn                                                                       0.0004597
## Unable to determine-Improper turn                                                                                                                                   0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Improper turn                                                                                                                                  0.0000734
## Visibility obstructed-Improper turn                                                                                                                                 0.0450526
## No contributing circumstances indicated-Inattention                                                                                                                 0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-Inattention                                                                                                                            0.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Inattention                                                                        0.0000000
## Other improper passing-Inattention                                                                                                                                  0.0000000
## Other*-Inattention                                                                                                                                                  0.0000000
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Inattention                                                                                                                               0.0000000
## Passed on curve-Inattention                                                                                                                                         0.7861024
## Passed on hill-Inattention                                                                                                                                          0.9956552
## Passed stopped school bus-Inattention                                                                                                                               0.7861024
## Right turn on red-Inattention                                                                                                                                       0.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Inattention                                                                         0.0000000
## Unable to determine-Inattention                                                                                                                                     0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Inattention                                                                                                                                    0.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Inattention                                                                                                                                   0.0000000
## Operated defective equipment-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                0.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-No contributing circumstances indicated                                            0.0000000
## Other improper passing-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                      0.0000000
## Other*-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                                      0.0000000
## Overcorrected/oversteered-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                   0.0000000
## Passed on curve-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                             0.0000000
## Passed on hill-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                              0.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                   0.0000000
## Right turn on red-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                           0.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-No contributing circumstances indicated                                             0.0000000
## Unable to determine-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                         0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                        0.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-No contributing circumstances indicated                                                                                                       0.0000000
## Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner-Operated defective equipment                                                       1.0000000
## Other improper passing-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                 1.0000000
## Other*-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                                 0.9926117
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                              1.0000000
## Passed on curve-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                        1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                              1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                      1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Operated defective equipment                                                        1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                    0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                   1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Operated defective equipment                                                                                                                  1.0000000
## Other improper passing-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                             1.0000000
## Other*-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                             0.9999996
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                          1.0000000
## Passed on curve-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                    1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                     1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                          1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                  1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner    1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                                0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                               1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Operated vehicle in erratic, reckless, careless, negligent, or aggressive manner                                                              1.0000000
## Other*-Other improper passing                                                                                                                                       0.9993907
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Other improper passing                                                                                                                    1.0000000
## Passed on curve-Other improper passing                                                                                                                              1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Other improper passing                                                                                                                               1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Other improper passing                                                                                                                    1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Other improper passing                                                                                                                            1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Other improper passing                                                              1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Other improper passing                                                                                                                          0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Other improper passing                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Other improper passing                                                                                                                        1.0000000
## Overcorrected/oversteered-Other*                                                                                                                                    0.9999967
## Passed on curve-Other*                                                                                                                                              1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Other*                                                                                                                                               1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Other*                                                                                                                                    1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Other*                                                                                                                                            0.9999999
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Other*                                                                              0.9999990
## Unable to determine-Other*                                                                                                                                          0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Other*                                                                                                                                         0.9972621
## Visibility obstructed-Other*                                                                                                                                        0.9999067
## Passed on curve-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                           1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                            1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                 1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                           1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                       0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                      1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Overcorrected/oversteered                                                                                                                     1.0000000
## Passed on hill-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                      1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Passed on curve                                                                                                                           1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                   1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Passed on curve                                                                     1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                 0.9989162
## Use of improper lane-Passed on curve                                                                                                                                1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Passed on curve                                                                                                                               1.0000000
## Passed stopped school bus-Passed on hill                                                                                                                            1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Passed on hill                                                                                                                                    1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Passed on hill                                                                      1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Passed on hill                                                                                                                                  0.9999989
## Use of improper lane-Passed on hill                                                                                                                                 1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Passed on hill                                                                                                                                1.0000000
## Right turn on red-Passed stopped school bus                                                                                                                         1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Passed stopped school bus                                                           1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Passed stopped school bus                                                                                                                       0.9989162
## Use of improper lane-Passed stopped school bus                                                                                                                      1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Passed stopped school bus                                                                                                                     1.0000000
## Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist-Right turn on red                                                                   1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Right turn on red                                                                                                                               0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Right turn on red                                                                                                                              1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Right turn on red                                                                                                                             1.0000000
## Unable to determine-Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist                                                                 0.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist                                                                1.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Swerved or avoided due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist                                                               1.0000000
## Use of improper lane-Unable to determine                                                                                                                            0.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Unable to determine                                                                                                                           0.0000000
## Visibility obstructed-Use of improper lane                                                                                                                          1.0000000

Is there a significant difference between the amount of crashes per each first harmful event?

crashes_first_harm = crashes %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  filter(FirstHarmfulEvent != "Unknown", FirstHarmfulEvent != "NA") %>%
  group_by(Date, FirstHarmfulEvent) %>%
  summarize(count = length(key_crash))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'Date'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
anova_first_harm = aov(count ~ FirstHarmfulEvent, data = crashes_first_harm)
summary(anova_first_harm)
##                      Df  Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## FirstHarmfulEvent    24 7260788  302533    3320 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals         31374 2859296      91                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
TukeyHSD(anova_first_harm)
##   Tukey multiple comparisons of means
##     95% family-wise confidence level
## 
## Fit: aov(formula = count ~ FirstHarmfulEvent, data = crashes_first_harm)
## 
## $FirstHarmfulEvent
##                                                                       diff
## Animal-Angle                                                 -16.172165829
## Backing up-Angle                                              -3.462244698
## Fixed object*-Angle                                          -15.031138987
## Head on-Angle                                                -14.486559966
## Jackknife-Angle                                              -15.671296868
## Left turn, different roadways-Angle                          -11.939065169
## Left turn, same roadway-Angle                                -10.323216459
## Moveable object*-Angle                                       -15.491018701
## Other collision with vehicle*-Angle                          -14.550461503
## Other non-collision*-Angle                                   -15.768238473
## Overturn/rollover-Angle                                      -16.494309723
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Angle                                    -4.055369118
## Pedalcyclist-Angle                                           -15.665270391
## Pedestrian-Angle                                             -15.096466936
## Ran off road - left-Angle                                    -15.179795886
## Ran off road - right-Angle                                   -14.685229078
## Ran off road - straight-Angle                                -16.465720801
## Rear end, slow or stop-Angle                                  41.789350572
## Rear end, turn-Angle                                         -14.805743681
## Right turn, different roadways-Angle                         -13.943125668
## Right turn, same roadway-Angle                               -14.308311183
## RR train, engine-Angle                                       -16.076058773
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Angle                          -13.978060153
## Sideswipe, same direction-Angle                                7.918777716
## Backing up-Animal                                             12.709921131
## Fixed object*-Animal                                           1.141026842
## Head on-Animal                                                 1.685605863
## Jackknife-Animal                                               0.500868961
## Left turn, different roadways-Animal                           4.233100659
## Left turn, same roadway-Animal                                 5.848949369
## Moveable object*-Animal                                        0.681147127
## Other collision with vehicle*-Animal                           1.621704326
## Other non-collision*-Animal                                    0.403927355
## Overturn/rollover-Animal                                      -0.322143895
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Animal                                   12.116796711
## Pedalcyclist-Animal                                            0.506895438
## Pedestrian-Animal                                              1.075698893
## Ran off road - left-Animal                                     0.992369943
## Ran off road - right-Animal                                    1.486936750
## Ran off road - straight-Animal                                -0.293554972
## Rear end, slow or stop-Animal                                 57.961516400
## Rear end, turn-Animal                                          1.366422147
## Right turn, different roadways-Animal                          2.229040161
## Right turn, same roadway-Animal                                1.863854646
## RR train, engine-Animal                                        0.096107056
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Animal                           2.194105676
## Sideswipe, same direction-Animal                              24.090943545
## Fixed object*-Backing up                                     -11.568894289
## Head on-Backing up                                           -11.024315268
## Jackknife-Backing up                                         -12.209052170
## Left turn, different roadways-Backing up                      -8.476820471
## Left turn, same roadway-Backing up                            -6.860971761
## Moveable object*-Backing up                                  -12.028774003
## Other collision with vehicle*-Backing up                     -11.088216805
## Other non-collision*-Backing up                              -12.305993775
## Overturn/rollover-Backing up                                 -13.032065025
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Backing up                               -0.593124420
## Pedalcyclist-Backing up                                      -12.203025693
## Pedestrian-Backing up                                        -11.634222238
## Ran off road - left-Backing up                               -11.717551188
## Ran off road - right-Backing up                              -11.222984380
## Ran off road - straight-Backing up                           -13.003476103
## Rear end, slow or stop-Backing up                             45.251595269
## Rear end, turn-Backing up                                    -11.343498984
## Right turn, different roadways-Backing up                    -10.480880970
## Right turn, same roadway-Backing up                          -10.846066485
## RR train, engine-Backing up                                  -12.613814075
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Backing up                     -10.515815455
## Sideswipe, same direction-Backing up                          11.381022414
## Head on-Fixed object*                                          0.544579021
## Jackknife-Fixed object*                                       -0.640157881
## Left turn, different roadways-Fixed object*                    3.092073817
## Left turn, same roadway-Fixed object*                          4.707922527
## Moveable object*-Fixed object*                                -0.459879715
## Other collision with vehicle*-Fixed object*                    0.480677484
## Other non-collision*-Fixed object*                            -0.737099487
## Overturn/rollover-Fixed object*                               -1.463170737
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Fixed object*                            10.975769869
## Pedalcyclist-Fixed object*                                    -0.634131404
## Pedestrian-Fixed object*                                      -0.065327949
## Ran off road - left-Fixed object*                             -0.148656900
## Ran off road - right-Fixed object*                             0.345909908
## Ran off road - straight-Fixed object*                         -1.434581814
## Rear end, slow or stop-Fixed object*                          56.820489558
## Rear end, turn-Fixed object*                                   0.225395305
## Right turn, different roadways-Fixed object*                   1.088013319
## Right turn, same roadway-Fixed object*                         0.722827804
## RR train, engine-Fixed object*                                -1.044919786
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Fixed object*                    1.053078834
## Sideswipe, same direction-Fixed object*                       22.949916703
## Jackknife-Head on                                             -1.184736902
## Left turn, different roadways-Head on                          2.547494797
## Left turn, same roadway-Head on                                4.163343507
## Moveable object*-Head on                                      -1.004458735
## Other collision with vehicle*-Head on                         -0.063901537
## Other non-collision*-Head on                                  -1.281678507
## Overturn/rollover-Head on                                     -2.007749757
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Head on                                  10.431190848
## Pedalcyclist-Head on                                          -1.178710425
## Pedestrian-Head on                                            -0.609906970
## Ran off road - left-Head on                                   -0.693235920
## Ran off road - right-Head on                                  -0.198669112
## Ran off road - straight-Head on                               -1.979160835
## Rear end, slow or stop-Head on                                56.275910538
## Rear end, turn-Head on                                        -0.319183715
## Right turn, different roadways-Head on                         0.543434298
## Right turn, same roadway-Head on                               0.178248783
## RR train, engine-Head on                                      -1.589498807
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Head on                          0.508499813
## Sideswipe, same direction-Head on                             22.405337682
## Left turn, different roadways-Jackknife                        3.732231699
## Left turn, same roadway-Jackknife                              5.348080409
## Moveable object*-Jackknife                                     0.180278166
## Other collision with vehicle*-Jackknife                        1.120835365
## Other non-collision*-Jackknife                                -0.096941605
## Overturn/rollover-Jackknife                                   -0.823012855
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Jackknife                                11.615927750
## Pedalcyclist-Jackknife                                         0.006026477
## Pedestrian-Jackknife                                           0.574829932
## Ran off road - left-Jackknife                                  0.491500982
## Ran off road - right-Jackknife                                 0.986067790
## Ran off road - straight-Jackknife                             -0.794423933
## Rear end, slow or stop-Jackknife                              57.460647439
## Rear end, turn-Jackknife                                       0.865553186
## Right turn, different roadways-Jackknife                       1.728171200
## Right turn, same roadway-Jackknife                             1.362985685
## RR train, engine-Jackknife                                    -0.404761905
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Jackknife                        1.693236715
## Sideswipe, same direction-Jackknife                           23.590074584
## Left turn, same roadway-Left turn, different roadways          1.615848710
## Moveable object*-Left turn, different roadways                -3.551953532
## Other collision with vehicle*-Left turn, different roadways   -2.611396334
## Other non-collision*-Left turn, different roadways            -3.829173304
## Overturn/rollover-Left turn, different roadways               -4.555244554
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Left turn, different roadways             7.883696052
## Pedalcyclist-Left turn, different roadways                    -3.726205222
## Pedestrian-Left turn, different roadways                      -3.157401767
## Ran off road - left-Left turn, different roadways             -3.240730717
## Ran off road - right-Left turn, different roadways            -2.746163909
## Ran off road - straight-Left turn, different roadways         -4.526655631
## Rear end, slow or stop-Left turn, different roadways          53.728415741
## Rear end, turn-Left turn, different roadways                  -2.866678512
## Right turn, different roadways-Left turn, different roadways  -2.004060499
## Right turn, same roadway-Left turn, different roadways        -2.369246014
## RR train, engine-Left turn, different roadways                -4.136993603
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Left turn, different roadways   -2.038994984
## Sideswipe, same direction-Left turn, different roadways       19.857842885
## Moveable object*-Left turn, same roadway                      -5.167802242
## Other collision with vehicle*-Left turn, same roadway         -4.227245044
## Other non-collision*-Left turn, same roadway                  -5.445022014
## Overturn/rollover-Left turn, same roadway                     -6.171093264
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Left turn, same roadway                   6.267847342
## Pedalcyclist-Left turn, same roadway                          -5.342053932
## Pedestrian-Left turn, same roadway                            -4.773250477
## Ran off road - left-Left turn, same roadway                   -4.856579427
## Ran off road - right-Left turn, same roadway                  -4.362012619
## Ran off road - straight-Left turn, same roadway               -6.142504341
## Rear end, slow or stop-Left turn, same roadway                52.112567031
## Rear end, turn-Left turn, same roadway                        -4.482527222
## Right turn, different roadways-Left turn, same roadway        -3.619909209
## Right turn, same roadway-Left turn, same roadway              -3.985094724
## RR train, engine-Left turn, same roadway                      -5.752842313
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Left turn, same roadway         -3.654843694
## Sideswipe, same direction-Left turn, same roadway             18.241994175
## Other collision with vehicle*-Moveable object*                 0.940557198
## Other non-collision*-Moveable object*                         -0.277219772
## Overturn/rollover-Moveable object*                            -1.003291022
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Moveable object*                         11.435649584
## Pedalcyclist-Moveable object*                                 -0.174251690
## Pedestrian-Moveable object*                                    0.394551765
## Ran off road - left-Moveable object*                           0.311222815
## Ran off road - right-Moveable object*                          0.805789623
## Ran off road - straight-Moveable object*                      -0.974702099
## Rear end, slow or stop-Moveable object*                       57.280369273
## Rear end, turn-Moveable object*                                0.685275020
## Right turn, different roadways-Moveable object*                1.547893033
## Right turn, same roadway-Moveable object*                      1.182707519
## RR train, engine-Moveable object*                             -0.585040071
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Moveable object*                 1.512958548
## Sideswipe, same direction-Moveable object*                    23.409796418
## Other non-collision*-Other collision with vehicle*            -1.217776970
## Overturn/rollover-Other collision with vehicle*               -1.943848220
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Other collision with vehicle*            10.495092386
## Pedalcyclist-Other collision with vehicle*                    -1.114808888
## Pedestrian-Other collision with vehicle*                      -0.546005433
## Ran off road - left-Other collision with vehicle*             -0.629334383
## Ran off road - right-Other collision with vehicle*            -0.134767575
## Ran off road - straight-Other collision with vehicle*         -1.915259297
## Rear end, slow or stop-Other collision with vehicle*          56.339812075
## Rear end, turn-Other collision with vehicle*                  -0.255282178
## Right turn, different roadways-Other collision with vehicle*   0.607335835
## Right turn, same roadway-Other collision with vehicle*         0.242150320
## RR train, engine-Other collision with vehicle*                -1.525597270
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Other collision with vehicle*    0.572401350
## Sideswipe, same direction-Other collision with vehicle*       22.469239219
## Overturn/rollover-Other non-collision*                        -0.726071250
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Other non-collision*                     11.712869356
## Pedalcyclist-Other non-collision*                              0.102968082
## Pedestrian-Other non-collision*                                0.671771537
## Ran off road - left-Other non-collision*                       0.588442587
## Ran off road - right-Other non-collision*                      1.083009395
## Ran off road - straight-Other non-collision*                  -0.697482327
## Rear end, slow or stop-Other non-collision*                   57.557589045
## Rear end, turn-Other non-collision*                            0.962494792
## Right turn, different roadways-Other non-collision*            1.825112805
## Right turn, same roadway-Other non-collision*                  1.459927290
## RR train, engine-Other non-collision*                         -0.307820300
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Other non-collision*             1.790178320
## Sideswipe, same direction-Other non-collision*                23.687016189
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Overturn/rollover                        12.438940606
## Pedalcyclist-Overturn/rollover                                 0.829039332
## Pedestrian-Overturn/rollover                                   1.397842787
## Ran off road - left-Overturn/rollover                          1.314513837
## Ran off road - right-Overturn/rollover                         1.809080645
## Ran off road - straight-Overturn/rollover                      0.028588923
## Rear end, slow or stop-Overturn/rollover                      58.283660295
## Rear end, turn-Overturn/rollover                               1.688566042
## Right turn, different roadways-Overturn/rollover               2.551184055
## Right turn, same roadway-Overturn/rollover                     2.185998540
## RR train, engine-Overturn/rollover                             0.418250951
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Overturn/rollover                2.516249570
## Sideswipe, same direction-Overturn/rollover                   24.413087439
## Pedalcyclist-Parked Motor Vehicle                            -11.609901273
## Pedestrian-Parked Motor Vehicle                              -11.041097818
## Ran off road - left-Parked Motor Vehicle                     -11.124426769
## Ran off road - right-Parked Motor Vehicle                    -10.629859961
## Ran off road - straight-Parked Motor Vehicle                 -12.410351683
## Rear end, slow or stop-Parked Motor Vehicle                   45.844719689
## Rear end, turn-Parked Motor Vehicle                          -10.750374564
## Right turn, different roadways-Parked Motor Vehicle           -9.887756551
## Right turn, same roadway-Parked Motor Vehicle                -10.252942065
## RR train, engine-Parked Motor Vehicle                        -12.020689655
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Parked Motor Vehicle            -9.922691035
## Sideswipe, same direction-Parked Motor Vehicle                11.974146834
## Pedestrian-Pedalcyclist                                        0.568803455
## Ran off road - left-Pedalcyclist                               0.485474505
## Ran off road - right-Pedalcyclist                              0.980041313
## Ran off road - straight-Pedalcyclist                          -0.800450410
## Rear end, slow or stop-Pedalcyclist                           57.454620962
## Rear end, turn-Pedalcyclist                                    0.859526709
## Right turn, different roadways-Pedalcyclist                    1.722144723
## Right turn, same roadway-Pedalcyclist                          1.356959208
## RR train, engine-Pedalcyclist                                 -0.410788382
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Pedalcyclist                     1.687210238
## Sideswipe, same direction-Pedalcyclist                        23.584048107
## Ran off road - left-Pedestrian                                -0.083328950
## Ran off road - right-Pedestrian                                0.411237858
## Ran off road - straight-Pedestrian                            -1.369253865
## Rear end, slow or stop-Pedestrian                             56.885817507
## Rear end, turn-Pedestrian                                      0.290723254
## Right turn, different roadways-Pedestrian                      1.153341268
## Right turn, same roadway-Pedestrian                            0.788155753
## RR train, engine-Pedestrian                                   -0.979591837
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Pedestrian                       1.118406783
## Sideswipe, same direction-Pedestrian                          23.015244652
## Ran off road - right-Ran off road - left                       0.494566808
## Ran off road - straight-Ran off road - left                   -1.285924914
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - left                    56.969146458
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - left                             0.374052205
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - left             1.236670218
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - left                   0.871484703
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - left                          -0.896262887
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - left              1.201735733
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - left                 23.098573602
## Ran off road - straight-Ran off road - right                  -1.780491722
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - right                   56.474579650
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - right                           -0.120514603
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - right            0.742103410
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - right                  0.376917896
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - right                         -1.390829694
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - right             0.707168925
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - right                22.604006794
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - straight                58.255071372
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - straight                         1.659977119
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - straight         2.522595132
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - straight               2.157409618
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - straight                       0.389662028
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - straight          2.487660648
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - straight             24.384498517
## Rear end, turn-Rear end, slow or stop                        -56.595094253
## Right turn, different roadways-Rear end, slow or stop        -55.732476240
## Right turn, same roadway-Rear end, slow or stop              -56.097661754
## RR train, engine-Rear end, slow or stop                      -57.865409344
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Rear end, slow or stop         -55.767410724
## Sideswipe, same direction-Rear end, slow or stop             -33.870572855
## Right turn, different roadways-Rear end, turn                  0.862618013
## Right turn, same roadway-Rear end, turn                        0.497432499
## RR train, engine-Rear end, turn                               -1.270315091
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Rear end, turn                   0.827683529
## Sideswipe, same direction-Rear end, turn                      22.724521398
## Right turn, same roadway-Right turn, different roadways       -0.365185515
## RR train, engine-Right turn, different roadways               -2.132933105
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Right turn, different roadways  -0.034934485
## Sideswipe, same direction-Right turn, different roadways      21.861903384
## RR train, engine-Right turn, same roadway                     -1.767747590
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Right turn, same roadway         0.330251030
## Sideswipe, same direction-Right turn, same roadway            22.227088899
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-RR train, engine                 2.097998620
## Sideswipe, same direction-RR train, engine                    23.994836489
## Sideswipe, same direction-Sideswipe, opposite direction       21.896837869
##                                                                       lwr
## Animal-Angle                                                 -17.59005488
## Backing up-Angle                                              -4.49019086
## Fixed object*-Angle                                          -16.11697731
## Head on-Angle                                                -15.89442566
## Jackknife-Angle                                              -21.10821919
## Left turn, different roadways-Angle                          -13.02394273
## Left turn, same roadway-Angle                                -11.38610298
## Moveable object*-Angle                                       -16.76097863
## Other collision with vehicle*-Angle                          -15.93401244
## Other non-collision*-Angle                                   -17.36695761
## Overturn/rollover-Angle                                      -18.76662959
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Angle                                    -5.08131429
## Pedalcyclist-Angle                                           -18.02888715
## Pedestrian-Angle                                             -16.42734691
## Ran off road - left-Angle                                    -16.32550719
## Ran off road - right-Angle                                   -15.77727787
## Ran off road - straight-Angle                                -18.18362745
## Rear end, slow or stop-Angle                                  40.76483374
## Rear end, turn-Angle                                         -16.40235678
## Right turn, different roadways-Angle                         -15.19722078
## Right turn, same roadway-Angle                               -15.57150890
## RR train, engine-Angle                                       -40.77875795
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Angle                          -15.14789094
## Sideswipe, same direction-Angle                                6.89327352
## Backing up-Animal                                             11.29106372
## Fixed object*-Animal                                          -0.32031770
## Head on-Animal                                                -0.02861957
## Jackknife-Animal                                              -5.02331490
## Left turn, different roadways-Animal                           2.77246986
## Left turn, same roadway-Animal                                 4.40457726
## Moveable object*-Animal                                       -0.92175064
## Other collision with vehicle*-Animal                          -0.07260858
## Other non-collision*-Animal                                   -1.47020869
## Overturn/rollover-Animal                                      -2.79599122
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Animal                                   10.69938833
## Pedalcyclist-Animal                                           -2.05106610
## Pedestrian-Animal                                             -0.57588354
## Ran off road - left-Animal                                    -0.51399569
## Ran off road - right-Animal                                    0.02097168
## Ran off road - straight-Animal                                -2.27034183
## Rear end, slow or stop-Animal                                 56.54514154
## Rear end, turn-Animal                                         -0.50591768
## Right turn, different roadways-Animal                          0.63868247
## Right turn, same roadway-Animal                                0.26630918
## RR train, engine-Animal                                      -24.62594443
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Animal                           0.66931484
## Sideswipe, same direction-Animal                              22.67385432
## Fixed object*-Backing up                                     -12.65599679
## Head on-Backing up                                           -12.43315620
## Jackknife-Backing up                                         -17.64622711
## Left turn, different roadways-Backing up                      -9.56296332
## Left turn, same roadway-Backing up                            -7.92514973
## Moveable object*-Backing up                                  -13.29981500
## Other collision with vehicle*-Backing up                     -12.47276011
## Other non-collision*-Backing up                              -13.90557180
## Overturn/rollover-Backing up                                 -15.30498925
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Backing up                               -1.62040748
## Pedalcyclist-Backing up                                      -14.56722348
## Pedestrian-Backing up                                        -12.96613383
## Ran off road - left-Backing up                               -12.86446067
## Ran off road - right-Backing up                              -12.31629017
## Ran off road - straight-Backing up                           -14.72218208
## Rear end, slow or stop-Backing up                             44.22573869
## Rear end, turn-Backing up                                    -12.94097211
## Right turn, different roadways-Backing up                    -11.73607081
## Right turn, same roadway-Backing up                          -12.11035105
## RR train, engine-Backing up                                  -37.31656886
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Backing up                     -11.68681975
## Sideswipe, same direction-Backing up                          10.35417976
## Head on-Fixed object*                                         -0.90704225
## Jackknife-Fixed object*                                       -6.08857442
## Left turn, different roadways-Fixed object*                    1.95098756
## Left turn, same roadway-Fixed object*                          3.58772331
## Moveable object*-Fixed object*                                -1.77818042
## Other collision with vehicle*-Fixed object*                   -0.94737424
## Other non-collision*-Fixed object*                            -2.37448197
## Overturn/rollover-Fixed object*                               -3.76285682
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Fixed object*                             9.89055928
## Pedalcyclist-Fixed object*                                    -3.02406921
## Pedestrian-Fixed object*                                      -1.44241183
## Ran off road - left-Fixed object*                             -1.34772859
## Ran off road - right-Fixed object*                            -0.80199649
## Ran off road - straight-Fixed object*                         -3.18852645
## Rear end, slow or stop-Fixed object*                          55.73662921
## Rear end, turn-Fixed object*                                  -1.40993094
## Right turn, different roadways-Fixed object*                  -0.21501127
## Right turn, same roadway-Fixed object*                        -0.58895991
## RR train, engine-Fixed object*                               -25.75015132
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Fixed object*                   -0.16905970
## Sideswipe, same direction-Fixed object*                       21.86512300
## Jackknife-Head on                                             -6.70635657
## Left turn, different roadways-Head on                          1.09659205
## Left turn, same roadway-Head on                                2.72880971
## Moveable object*-Head on                                      -2.59849691
## Other collision with vehicle*-Head on                         -1.74983530
## Other non-collision*-Head on                                  -3.14824282
## Overturn/rollover-Head on                                     -4.47586585
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Head on                                   9.02380925
## Pedalcyclist-Head on                                          -3.73112960
## Pedestrian-Head on                                            -2.25289235
## Ran off road - left-Head on                                   -2.19017074
## Ran off road - right-Head on                                  -1.65494177
## Ran off road - straight-Head on                               -3.94877063
## Rear end, slow or stop-Head on                                54.86956982
## Rear end, turn-Head on                                        -2.18394452
## Right turn, different roadways-Head on                        -1.03799355
## Right turn, same roadway-Head on                              -1.41040724
## RR train, engine-Head on                                     -26.31097745
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Head on                         -1.00697488
## Sideswipe, same direction-Head on                             20.99827751
## Left turn, different roadways-Jackknife                       -1.71599345
## Left turn, same roadway-Jackknife                             -0.09580843
## Moveable object*-Jackknife                                    -5.30779947
## Other collision with vehicle*-Jackknife                       -4.39463480
## Other non-collision*-Jackknife                                -5.67028000
## Overturn/rollover-Jackknife                                   -6.62556708
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Jackknife                                 6.17913077
## Pedalcyclist-Jackknife                                        -5.83288456
## Pedestrian-Jackknife                                          -4.92766400
## Ran off road - left-Jackknife                                 -4.96916311
## Ran off road - right-Jackknife                                -4.46358986
## Ran off road - straight-Jackknife                             -6.40311373
## Rear end, slow or stop-Jackknife                              52.02411981
## Rear end, turn-Jackknife                                      -4.70718145
## Right turn, different roadways-Jackknife                      -3.75625699
## Right turn, same roadway-Jackknife                            -4.12353110
## RR train, engine-Jackknife                                   -25.67786114
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Jackknife                       -3.77253880
## Sideswipe, same direction-Jackknife                           18.15336080
## Left turn, same roadway-Left turn, different roadways          0.49658076
## Moveable object*-Left turn, different roadways                -4.86946300
## Other collision with vehicle*-Left turn, different roadways   -4.03871766
## Other non-collision*-Left turn, different roadways            -5.46591881
## Overturn/rollover-Left turn, different roadways               -6.85447715
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Left turn, different roadways             6.79944678
## Pedalcyclist-Left turn, different roadways                    -6.11570667
## Pedestrian-Left turn, different roadways                      -4.53372821
## Ran off road - left-Left turn, different roadways             -4.43893244
## Ran off road - right-Left turn, different roadways            -3.89316153
## Ran off road - straight-Left turn, different roadways         -6.28000564
## Rear end, slow or stop-Left turn, different roadways          52.64551791
## Rear end, turn-Left turn, different roadways                  -4.50136698
## Right turn, different roadways-Left turn, different roadways  -3.30628457
## Right turn, same roadway-Left turn, different roadways        -3.68023856
## RR train, engine-Left turn, different roadways               -28.84218293
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Left turn, different roadways   -3.26027998
## Sideswipe, same direction-Left turn, different roadways       18.77401087
## Moveable object*-Left turn, same roadway                      -6.46726353
## Other collision with vehicle*-Left turn, same roadway         -5.63792382
## Other non-collision*-Left turn, same roadway                  -7.06727486
## Overturn/rollover-Left turn, same roadway                     -8.46003166
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Left turn, same roadway                   5.20560212
## Pedalcyclist-Left turn, same roadway                          -7.72165172
## Pedestrian-Left turn, same roadway                            -6.13231005
## Ran off road - left-Left turn, same roadway                   -6.03490697
## Ran off road - right-Left turn, same roadway                  -5.48823284
## Ran off road - straight-Left turn, same roadway               -7.88233327
## Rear end, slow or stop-Left turn, same roadway                51.05170127
## Rear end, turn-Left turn, same roadway                        -6.10270463
## Right turn, different roadways-Left turn, same roadway        -4.90387026
## Right turn, same roadway-Left turn, same roadway              -5.27794812
## RR train, engine-Left turn, same roadway                     -30.45707572
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Left turn, same roadway         -4.85663631
## Sideswipe, same direction-Left turn, same roadway             17.18017485
## Other collision with vehicle*-Moveable object*                -0.63204735
## Other non-collision*-Moveable object*                         -2.04209222
## Overturn/rollover-Moveable object*                            -3.39542594
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Moveable object*                         10.16622633
## Pedalcyclist-Moveable object*                                 -2.65327490
## Pedestrian-Moveable object*                                   -1.13191913
## Ran off road - left-Moveable object*                          -1.05681456
## Ran off road - right-Moveable object*                         -0.51763112
## Ran off road - straight-Moveable object*                      -2.84822155
## Rear end, slow or stop-Moveable object*                       56.01210013
## Rear end, turn-Moveable object*                               -1.07768989
## Right turn, different roadways-Moveable object*                0.08788397
## Right turn, same roadway-Moveable object*                     -0.28512775
## RR train, engine-Moveable object*                            -25.29904862
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Moveable object*                 0.12465888
## Sideswipe, same direction-Moveable object*                    22.14072954
## Other non-collision*-Other collision with vehicle*            -3.06607071
## Overturn/rollover-Other collision with vehicle*               -4.39817591
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Other collision with vehicle*             9.11203405
## Pedalcyclist-Other collision with vehicle*                    -3.65389751
## Pedestrian-Other collision with vehicle*                      -2.16820405
## Ran off road - left-Other collision with vehicle*             -2.10342435
## Ran off road - right-Other collision with vehicle*            -1.56754719
## Ran off road - straight-Other collision with vehicle*         -3.86756309
## Rear end, slow or stop-Other collision with vehicle*          54.95781295
## Rear end, turn-Other collision with vehicle*                  -2.10175456
## Right turn, different roadways-Other collision with vehicle*  -0.95248512
## Right turn, same roadway-Other collision with vehicle*        -1.32499847
## RR train, engine-Other collision with vehicle*               -26.24570313
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Other collision with vehicle*   -0.92051222
## Sideswipe, same direction-Other collision with vehicle*       21.08650797
## Overturn/rollover-Other non-collision*                        -3.30781758
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Other non-collision*                     10.11457650
## Pedalcyclist-Other non-collision*                             -2.55948581
## Pedestrian-Other non-collision*                               -1.13743217
## Ran off road - left-Other non-collision*                      -1.08924360
## Ran off road - right-Other non-collision*                     -0.55849818
## Ran off road - straight-Other non-collision*                  -2.80773819
## Rear end, slow or stop-Other non-collision*                   55.96021267
## Rear end, turn-Other non-collision*                           -1.05025207
## Right turn, different roadways-Other non-collision*            0.07162169
## Right turn, same roadway-Other non-collision*                 -0.30008550
## RR train, engine-Other non-collision*                        -25.04090186
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Other non-collision*             0.09592904
## Sideswipe, same direction-Other non-collision*                22.08900637
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Overturn/rollover                        10.16692064
## Pedalcyclist-Overturn/rollover                                -2.28483212
## Pedestrian-Overturn/rollover                                  -1.02718355
## Ran off road - left-Overturn/rollover                         -1.01404057
## Ran off road - right-Overturn/rollover                        -0.49354434
## Ran off road - straight-Overturn/rollover                     -2.62861158
## Rear end, slow or stop-Overturn/rollover                      56.01228495
## Rear end, turn-Overturn/rollover                              -0.89187668
## Right turn, different roadways-Overturn/rollover               0.16743369
## Right turn, same roadway-Overturn/rollover                    -0.20255326
## RR train, engine-Overturn/rollover                           -24.36748805
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Overturn/rollover                0.17573354
## Sideswipe, same direction-Overturn/rollover                   22.14126657
## Pedalcyclist-Parked Motor Vehicle                            -13.97322972
## Pedestrian-Parked Motor Vehicle                              -12.37146569
## Ran off road - left-Parked Motor Vehicle                     -12.26954316
## Ran off road - right-Parked Motor Vehicle                    -11.72128460
## Ran off road - straight-Parked Motor Vehicle                 -14.12786163
## Rear end, slow or stop-Parked Motor Vehicle                   44.82086819
## Rear end, turn-Parked Motor Vehicle                          -12.34656082
## Right turn, different roadways-Parked Motor Vehicle          -11.14130820
## Right turn, same roadway-Parked Motor Vehicle                -11.51560023
## RR train, engine-Parked Motor Vehicle                        -36.72336125
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Parked Motor Vehicle           -11.09193918
## Sideswipe, same direction-Parked Motor Vehicle                10.94930733
## Pedestrian-Pedalcyclist                                       -1.94197319
## Ran off road - left-Pedalcyclist                              -1.93225423
## Ran off road - right-Pedalcyclist                             -1.41272454
## Ran off road - straight-Pedalcyclist                          -3.53613334
## Rear end, slow or stop-Pedalcyclist                           55.09191222
## Rear end, turn-Pedalcyclist                                   -1.80166311
## Right turn, different roadways-Pedalcyclist                   -0.74878879
## Right turn, same roadway-Pedalcyclist                         -1.11860666
## RR train, engine-Pedalcyclist                                -25.20506402
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Pedalcyclist                    -0.74204107
## Sideswipe, same direction-Pedalcyclist                        21.22091106
## Ran off road - left-Pedestrian                                -1.50809895
## Ran off road - right-Pedestrian                               -0.97074830
## Ran off road - straight-Pedestrian                            -3.28459154
## Rear end, slow or stop-Pedestrian                             55.55655083
## Rear end, turn-Pedestrian                                     -1.51661970
## Right turn, different roadways-Pedestrian                     -0.35995637
## Right turn, same roadway-Pedestrian                           -0.73269389
## RR train, engine-Pedestrian                                  -25.69680572
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Pedestrian                      -0.32582978
## Sideswipe, same direction-Pedestrian                          21.68521683
## Ran off road - right-Ran off road - left                      -0.71013175
## Ran off road - straight-Ran off road - left                   -3.07755303
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - left                    55.82530959
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - left                            -1.30162719
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - left            -0.11665259
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - left                  -0.49027759
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - left                         -25.60419835
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - left             -0.07389435
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - left                 21.95385228
## Ran off road - straight-Ran off road - right                  -3.53828793
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - right                   55.38449756
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - right                           -1.75997111
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - right           -0.56610101
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - right                 -0.94001518
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - right                        -26.09633497
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - right            -0.52049076
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - right                21.51299667
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - straight                56.53841425
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - straight                        -0.44868367
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - straight         0.65979308
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - straight               0.28846729
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - straight                     -24.35140957
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - straight          0.68051345
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - straight             22.66725195
## Rear end, turn-Rear end, slow or stop                        -58.19036282
## Right turn, different roadways-Rear end, slow or stop        -56.98485915
## Right turn, same roadway-Rear end, slow or stop              -57.35915963
## RR train, engine-Rear end, slow or stop                      -82.56802166
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Rear end, slow or stop         -56.93540579
## Sideswipe, same direction-Rear end, slow or stop             -34.89398248
## Right turn, different roadways-Rear end, turn                 -0.88895317
## Right turn, same roadway-Rear end, turn                       -1.26066748
## RR train, engine-Rear end, turn                              -26.00326061
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Rear end, turn                  -0.86457861
## Sideswipe, same direction-Rear end, turn                      21.12861855
## Right turn, same roadway-Right turn, different roadways       -1.81931643
## RR train, engine-Right turn, different roadways              -26.84613150
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Right turn, different roadways  -1.40873662
## Sideswipe, same direction-Right turn, different roadways      20.60871263
## RR train, engine-Right turn, same roadway                    -26.48140958
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Right turn, same roadway        -1.05186554
## Sideswipe, same direction-Right turn, same roadway            20.96478901
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-RR train, engine               -22.61106701
## Sideswipe, same direction-RR train, engine                    -0.70781680
## Sideswipe, same direction-Sideswipe, opposite direction       20.72797663
##                                                                        upr
## Animal-Angle                                                 -14.754276780
## Backing up-Angle                                              -2.434298533
## Fixed object*-Angle                                          -13.945300665
## Head on-Angle                                                -13.078694276
## Jackknife-Angle                                              -10.234374550
## Left turn, different roadways-Angle                          -10.854187613
## Left turn, same roadway-Angle                                 -9.260329938
## Moveable object*-Angle                                       -14.221058772
## Other collision with vehicle*-Angle                          -13.166910569
## Other non-collision*-Angle                                   -14.169519336
## Overturn/rollover-Angle                                      -14.221989859
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Angle                                    -3.029423945
## Pedalcyclist-Angle                                           -13.301653630
## Pedestrian-Angle                                             -13.765586964
## Ran off road - left-Angle                                    -14.034084586
## Ran off road - right-Angle                                   -13.593180283
## Ran off road - straight-Angle                                -14.747814150
## Rear end, slow or stop-Angle                                  42.813867401
## Rear end, turn-Angle                                         -13.209130581
## Right turn, different roadways-Angle                         -12.689030551
## Right turn, same roadway-Angle                               -13.045113461
## RR train, engine-Angle                                         8.626640407
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Angle                          -12.808229367
## Sideswipe, same direction-Angle                                8.944281909
## Backing up-Animal                                             14.128778537
## Fixed object*-Animal                                           2.602371388
## Head on-Animal                                                 3.399831292
## Jackknife-Animal                                               6.025052820
## Left turn, different roadways-Animal                           5.693731459
## Left turn, same roadway-Animal                                 7.293321475
## Moveable object*-Animal                                        2.284044892
## Other collision with vehicle*-Animal                           3.316017227
## Other non-collision*-Animal                                    2.278063397
## Overturn/rollover-Animal                                       2.151703431
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Animal                                   13.534205092
## Pedalcyclist-Animal                                            3.064856973
## Pedestrian-Animal                                              2.727281323
## Ran off road - left-Animal                                     2.498735570
## Ran off road - right-Animal                                    2.952901823
## Ran off road - straight-Animal                                 1.683231886
## Rear end, slow or stop-Animal                                 59.377891265
## Rear end, turn-Animal                                          3.238761971
## Right turn, different roadways-Animal                          3.819397851
## Right turn, same roadway-Animal                                3.461400109
## RR train, engine-Animal                                       24.818158544
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Animal                           3.718896511
## Sideswipe, same direction-Animal                              25.508032770
## Fixed object*-Backing up                                     -10.481791789
## Head on-Backing up                                            -9.615474331
## Jackknife-Backing up                                          -6.771877235
## Left turn, different roadways-Backing up                      -7.390677619
## Left turn, same roadway-Backing up                            -5.796793796
## Moveable object*-Backing up                                  -10.757733010
## Other collision with vehicle*-Backing up                      -9.703673498
## Other non-collision*-Backing up                              -10.706415749
## Overturn/rollover-Backing up                                 -10.759140796
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Backing up                                0.434158639
## Pedalcyclist-Backing up                                       -9.838827906
## Pedestrian-Backing up                                        -10.302310648
## Ran off road - left-Backing up                               -10.570641703
## Ran off road - right-Backing up                              -10.129678588
## Ran off road - straight-Backing up                           -11.284770123
## Rear end, slow or stop-Backing up                             46.277451847
## Rear end, turn-Backing up                                     -9.746025861
## Right turn, different roadways-Backing up                     -9.225691125
## Right turn, same roadway-Backing up                           -9.581781917
## RR train, engine-Backing up                                   12.088940706
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Backing up                      -9.344811163
## Sideswipe, same direction-Backing up                          12.407865067
## Head on-Fixed object*                                          1.996200296
## Jackknife-Fixed object*                                        4.808258661
## Left turn, different roadways-Fixed object*                    4.233160071
## Left turn, same roadway-Fixed object*                          5.828121744
## Moveable object*-Fixed object*                                 0.858420990
## Other collision with vehicle*-Fixed object*                    1.908729203
## Other non-collision*-Fixed object*                             0.900283000
## Overturn/rollover-Fixed object*                                0.836515349
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Fixed object*                            12.060980459
## Pedalcyclist-Fixed object*                                     1.755806402
## Pedestrian-Fixed object*                                       1.311755936
## Ran off road - left-Fixed object*                              1.050414787
## Ran off road - right-Fixed object*                             1.493816307
## Ran off road - straight-Fixed object*                          0.319362822
## Rear end, slow or stop-Fixed object*                          57.904349909
## Rear end, turn-Fixed object*                                   1.860721548
## Right turn, different roadways-Fixed object*                   2.391037911
## Right turn, same roadway-Fixed object*                         2.034615519
## RR train, engine-Fixed object*                                23.660311751
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Fixed object*                    2.275217367
## Sideswipe, same direction-Fixed object*                       24.034710405
## Jackknife-Head on                                              4.336882766
## Left turn, different roadways-Head on                          3.998397543
## Left turn, same roadway-Head on                                5.597877307
## Moveable object*-Head on                                       0.589579435
## Other collision with vehicle*-Head on                          1.622032226
## Other non-collision*-Head on                                   0.584885809
## Overturn/rollover-Head on                                      0.460366333
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Head on                                  11.838572447
## Pedalcyclist-Head on                                           1.373708753
## Pedestrian-Head on                                             1.033078413
## Ran off road - left-Head on                                    0.803698898
## Ran off road - right-Head on                                   1.257603541
## Ran off road - straight-Head on                               -0.009551044
## Rear end, slow or stop-Head on                                57.682251251
## Rear end, turn-Head on                                         1.545577090
## Right turn, different roadways-Head on                         2.124862143
## Right turn, same roadway-Head on                               1.766904804
## RR train, engine-Head on                                      23.131979835
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Head on                          2.023974503
## Sideswipe, same direction-Head on                             23.812397850
## Left turn, different roadways-Jackknife                        9.180456847
## Left turn, same roadway-Jackknife                             10.791969250
## Moveable object*-Jackknife                                     5.668355806
## Other collision with vehicle*-Jackknife                        6.636305530
## Other non-collision*-Jackknife                                 5.476396787
## Overturn/rollover-Jackknife                                    4.979541369
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Jackknife                                17.052724735
## Pedalcyclist-Jackknife                                         5.844937518
## Pedestrian-Jackknife                                           6.077323863
## Ran off road - left-Jackknife                                  5.952165075
## Ran off road - right-Jackknife                                 6.435725442
## Ran off road - straight-Jackknife                              4.814265863
## Rear end, slow or stop-Jackknife                              62.897175071
## Rear end, turn-Jackknife                                       6.438287825
## Right turn, different roadways-Jackknife                       7.212599385
## Right turn, same roadway-Jackknife                             6.849502471
## RR train, engine-Jackknife                                    24.868337326
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Jackknife                        7.159012234
## Sideswipe, same direction-Jackknife                           29.026788372
## Left turn, same roadway-Left turn, different roadways          2.735116656
## Moveable object*-Left turn, different roadways                -2.234444064
## Other collision with vehicle*-Left turn, different roadways   -1.184075009
## Other non-collision*-Left turn, different roadways            -2.192427796
## Overturn/rollover-Left turn, different roadways               -2.256011955
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Left turn, different roadways             8.967945320
## Pedalcyclist-Left turn, different roadways                    -1.336703774
## Pedestrian-Left turn, different roadways                      -1.781075323
## Ran off road - left-Left turn, different roadways             -2.042528997
## Ran off road - right-Left turn, different roadways            -1.599166285
## Ran off road - straight-Left turn, different roadways         -2.773305627
## Rear end, slow or stop-Left turn, different roadways          54.811313572
## Rear end, turn-Left turn, different roadways                  -1.231990049
## Right turn, different roadways-Left turn, different roadways  -0.701836424
## Right turn, same roadway-Left turn, different roadways        -1.058253465
## RR train, engine-Left turn, different roadways                20.568195725
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Left turn, different roadways   -0.817709986
## Sideswipe, same direction-Left turn, different roadways       20.941674896
## Moveable object*-Left turn, same roadway                      -3.868340951
## Other collision with vehicle*-Left turn, same roadway         -2.816566267
## Other non-collision*-Left turn, same roadway                  -3.822769166
## Overturn/rollover-Left turn, same roadway                     -3.882154866
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Left turn, same roadway                   7.330092568
## Pedalcyclist-Left turn, same roadway                          -2.962456147
## Pedestrian-Left turn, same roadway                            -3.414190903
## Ran off road - left-Left turn, same roadway                   -3.678251880
## Ran off road - right-Left turn, same roadway                  -3.235792393
## Ran off road - straight-Left turn, same roadway               -4.402675417
## Rear end, slow or stop-Left turn, same roadway                53.173432790
## Rear end, turn-Left turn, same roadway                        -2.862349819
## Right turn, different roadways-Left turn, same roadway        -2.335948155
## Right turn, same roadway-Left turn, same roadway              -2.692241326
## RR train, engine-Left turn, same roadway                      18.951391093
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Left turn, same roadway         -2.453051077
## Sideswipe, same direction-Left turn, same roadway             19.303813498
## Other collision with vehicle*-Moveable object*                 2.513161750
## Other non-collision*-Moveable object*                          1.487652679
## Overturn/rollover-Moveable object*                             1.388843894
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Moveable object*                         12.705072833
## Pedalcyclist-Moveable object*                                  2.304771522
## Pedestrian-Moveable object*                                    1.921022659
## Ran off road - left-Moveable object*                           1.679260195
## Ran off road - right-Moveable object*                          2.129210365
## Ran off road - straight-Moveable object*                       0.898817356
## Rear end, slow or stop-Moveable object*                       58.548638417
## Rear end, turn-Moveable object*                                2.448239933
## Right turn, different roadways-Moveable object*                3.007902092
## Right turn, same roadway-Moveable object*                      2.650542786
## RR train, engine-Moveable object*                             24.128968480
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Moveable object*                 2.901258213
## Sideswipe, same direction-Moveable object*                    24.678863295
## Other non-collision*-Other collision with vehicle*             0.630516765
## Overturn/rollover-Other collision with vehicle*                0.510479472
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Other collision with vehicle*            11.878150718
## Pedalcyclist-Other collision with vehicle*                     1.424279737
## Pedestrian-Other collision with vehicle*                       1.076193184
## Ran off road - left-Other collision with vehicle*              0.844755586
## Ran off road - right-Other collision with vehicle*             1.298012040
## Ran off road - straight-Other collision with vehicle*          0.037044499
## Rear end, slow or stop-Other collision with vehicle*          57.721811202
## Rear end, turn-Other collision with vehicle*                   1.591190201
## Right turn, different roadways-Other collision with vehicle*   2.167156791
## Right turn, same roadway-Other collision with vehicle*         1.809299112
## RR train, engine-Other collision with vehicle*                23.194508588
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Other collision with vehicle*    2.065314918
## Sideswipe, same direction-Other collision with vehicle*       23.851970467
## Overturn/rollover-Other non-collision*                         1.855675080
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Other non-collision*                     13.311162208
## Pedalcyclist-Other non-collision*                              2.765421976
## Pedestrian-Other non-collision*                                2.480975242
## Ran off road - left-Other non-collision*                       2.266128770
## Ran off road - right-Other non-collision*                      2.724516970
## Ran off road - straight-Other non-collision*                   1.412773535
## Rear end, slow or stop-Other non-collision*                   59.154965419
## Rear end, turn-Other non-collision*                            2.975241656
## Right turn, different roadways-Other non-collision*            3.578603925
## Right turn, same roadway-Other non-collision*                  3.219940083
## RR train, engine-Other non-collision*                         24.425261258
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Other non-collision*             3.484427598
## Sideswipe, same direction-Other non-collision*                25.285026013
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Overturn/rollover                        14.710960573
## Pedalcyclist-Overturn/rollover                                 3.942910785
## Pedestrian-Overturn/rollover                                   3.822869124
## Ran off road - left-Overturn/rollover                          3.643068242
## Ran off road - right-Overturn/rollover                         4.111705626
## Ran off road - straight-Overturn/rollover                      2.685789422
## Rear end, slow or stop-Overturn/rollover                      60.555035642
## Rear end, turn-Overturn/rollover                               4.269008761
## Right turn, different roadways-Overturn/rollover               4.934934419
## Right turn, same roadway-Overturn/rollover                     4.574550344
## RR train, engine-Overturn/rollover                            25.203989955
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Overturn/rollover                4.856765604
## Sideswipe, same direction-Overturn/rollover                   26.684908313
## Pedalcyclist-Parked Motor Vehicle                             -9.246572825
## Pedestrian-Parked Motor Vehicle                               -9.710729950
## Ran off road - left-Parked Motor Vehicle                      -9.979310379
## Ran off road - right-Parked Motor Vehicle                     -9.538435325
## Ran off road - straight-Parked Motor Vehicle                 -10.692841734
## Rear end, slow or stop-Parked Motor Vehicle                   46.868571191
## Rear end, turn-Parked Motor Vehicle                           -9.154188310
## Right turn, different roadways-Parked Motor Vehicle           -8.634204906
## Right turn, same roadway-Parked Motor Vehicle                 -8.990283898
## RR train, engine-Parked Motor Vehicle                         12.681981940
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Parked Motor Vehicle            -8.753442887
## Sideswipe, same direction-Parked Motor Vehicle                12.998986340
## Pedestrian-Pedalcyclist                                        3.079580100
## Ran off road - left-Pedalcyclist                               2.903203241
## Ran off road - right-Pedalcyclist                              3.372807166
## Ran off road - straight-Pedalcyclist                           1.935232525
## Rear end, slow or stop-Pedalcyclist                           59.817329703
## Rear end, turn-Pedalcyclist                                    3.520716529
## Right turn, different roadways-Pedalcyclist                    4.193078235
## Right turn, same roadway-Pedalcyclist                          3.832525071
## RR train, engine-Pedalcyclist                                 24.383487261
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Pedalcyclist                     4.116461548
## Sideswipe, same direction-Pedalcyclist                        25.947185155
## Ran off road - left-Pedestrian                                 1.341441049
## Ran off road - right-Pedestrian                                1.793224015
## Ran off road - straight-Pedestrian                             0.546083815
## Rear end, slow or stop-Pedestrian                             58.215084186
## Rear end, turn-Pedestrian                                      2.098066211
## Right turn, different roadways-Pedestrian                      2.666638902
## Right turn, same roadway-Pedestrian                            2.309005401
## RR train, engine-Pedestrian                                   23.737622042
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Pedestrian                       2.562643341
## Sideswipe, same direction-Pedestrian                          24.345272478
## Ran off road - right-Ran off road - left                       1.699265368
## Ran off road - straight-Ran off road - left                    0.505703203
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - left                    58.112983327
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - left                             2.049731602
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - left             2.589993022
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - left                   2.233246993
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - left                          23.811672576
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - left              2.477365820
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - left                 24.243294922
## Ran off road - straight-Ran off road - right                  -0.022695517
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - right                   57.564661745
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - right                            1.518941902
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - right            2.050307829
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - right                  1.693850970
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - right                         23.314675583
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - right             1.934828613
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - right                23.695016918
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - straight                59.971728490
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - straight                         3.768637908
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - straight         4.385397186
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - straight               4.026351942
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - straight                      25.130733623
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - straight          4.294807846
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - straight             26.101745085
## Rear end, turn-Rear end, slow or stop                        -54.999825688
## Right turn, different roadways-Rear end, slow or stop        -54.480093326
## Right turn, same roadway-Rear end, slow or stop              -54.836163881
## RR train, engine-Rear end, slow or stop                      -33.162797030
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Rear end, slow or stop         -54.599415660
## Sideswipe, same direction-Rear end, slow or stop             -32.847163235
## Right turn, different roadways-Rear end, turn                  2.614189200
## Right turn, same roadway-Rear end, turn                        2.255532480
## RR train, engine-Rear end, turn                               23.462630423
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Rear end, turn                   2.519945662
## Sideswipe, same direction-Rear end, turn                      24.320424249
## Right turn, same roadway-Right turn, different roadways        1.088945398
## RR train, engine-Right turn, different roadways               22.580265292
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Right turn, different roadways   1.338867647
## Sideswipe, same direction-Right turn, different roadways      23.115094143
## RR train, engine-Right turn, same roadway                     22.945914399
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Right turn, same roadway         1.712367602
## Sideswipe, same direction-Right turn, same roadway            23.489388784
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-RR train, engine                26.807064254
## Sideswipe, same direction-RR train, engine                    48.697489773
## Sideswipe, same direction-Sideswipe, opposite direction       23.065699103
##                                                                  p adj
## Animal-Angle                                                 0.0000000
## Backing up-Angle                                             0.0000000
## Fixed object*-Angle                                          0.0000000
## Head on-Angle                                                0.0000000
## Jackknife-Angle                                              0.0000000
## Left turn, different roadways-Angle                          0.0000000
## Left turn, same roadway-Angle                                0.0000000
## Moveable object*-Angle                                       0.0000000
## Other collision with vehicle*-Angle                          0.0000000
## Other non-collision*-Angle                                   0.0000000
## Overturn/rollover-Angle                                      0.0000000
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Angle                                   0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Angle                                           0.0000000
## Pedestrian-Angle                                             0.0000000
## Ran off road - left-Angle                                    0.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Angle                                   0.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Angle                                0.0000000
## Rear end, slow or stop-Angle                                 0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Angle                                         0.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Angle                         0.0000000
## Right turn, same roadway-Angle                               0.0000000
## RR train, engine-Angle                                       0.7817504
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Angle                          0.0000000
## Sideswipe, same direction-Angle                              0.0000000
## Backing up-Animal                                            0.0000000
## Fixed object*-Animal                                         0.4125632
## Head on-Animal                                               0.0611353
## Jackknife-Animal                                             1.0000000
## Left turn, different roadways-Animal                         0.0000000
## Left turn, same roadway-Animal                               0.0000000
## Moveable object*-Animal                                      0.9982890
## Other collision with vehicle*-Animal                         0.0827532
## Other non-collision*-Animal                                  1.0000000
## Overturn/rollover-Animal                                     1.0000000
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Animal                                  0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Animal                                          1.0000000
## Pedestrian-Animal                                            0.7804542
## Ran off road - left-Animal                                   0.7619008
## Ran off road - right-Animal                                  0.0418885
## Ran off road - straight-Animal                               1.0000000
## Rear end, slow or stop-Animal                                0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Animal                                        0.5614017
## Right turn, different roadways-Animal                        0.0000845
## Right turn, same roadway-Animal                              0.0049498
## RR train, engine-Animal                                      1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Animal                         0.0000409
## Sideswipe, same direction-Animal                             0.0000000
## Fixed object*-Backing up                                     0.0000000
## Head on-Backing up                                           0.0000000
## Jackknife-Backing up                                         0.0000000
## Left turn, different roadways-Backing up                     0.0000000
## Left turn, same roadway-Backing up                           0.0000000
## Moveable object*-Backing up                                  0.0000000
## Other collision with vehicle*-Backing up                     0.0000000
## Other non-collision*-Backing up                              0.0000000
## Overturn/rollover-Backing up                                 0.0000000
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Backing up                              0.9207658
## Pedalcyclist-Backing up                                      0.0000000
## Pedestrian-Backing up                                        0.0000000
## Ran off road - left-Backing up                               0.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Backing up                              0.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Backing up                           0.0000000
## Rear end, slow or stop-Backing up                            0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Backing up                                    0.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Backing up                    0.0000000
## Right turn, same roadway-Backing up                          0.0000000
## RR train, engine-Backing up                                  0.9791553
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Backing up                     0.0000000
## Sideswipe, same direction-Backing up                         0.0000000
## Head on-Fixed object*                                        0.9997663
## Jackknife-Fixed object*                                      1.0000000
## Left turn, different roadways-Fixed object*                  0.0000000
## Left turn, same roadway-Fixed object*                        0.0000000
## Moveable object*-Fixed object*                               0.9999333
## Other collision with vehicle*-Fixed object*                  0.9999648
## Other non-collision*-Fixed object*                           0.9960183
## Overturn/rollover-Fixed object*                              0.8156643
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Fixed object*                           0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Fixed object*                                   0.9999996
## Pedestrian-Fixed object*                                     1.0000000
## Ran off road - left-Fixed object*                            1.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Fixed object*                           0.9999955
## Ran off road - straight-Fixed object*                        0.3148191
## Rear end, slow or stop-Fixed object*                         0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Fixed object*                                 1.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Fixed object*                 0.2744779
## Right turn, same roadway-Fixed object*                       0.9506474
## RR train, engine-Fixed object*                               1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Fixed object*                  0.2181117
## Sideswipe, same direction-Fixed object*                      0.0000000
## Jackknife-Head on                                            1.0000000
## Left turn, different roadways-Head on                        0.0000000
## Left turn, same roadway-Head on                              0.0000000
## Moveable object*-Head on                                     0.8290475
## Other collision with vehicle*-Head on                        1.0000000
## Other non-collision*-Head on                                 0.6873213
## Overturn/rollover-Head on                                    0.3258315
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Head on                                 0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Head on                                         0.9943106
## Pedestrian-Head on                                           0.9998043
## Ran off road - left-Head on                                  0.9940858
## Ran off road - right-Head on                                 1.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Head on                              0.0471109
## Rear end, slow or stop-Head on                               0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Head on                                       1.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Head on                       0.9999489
## Right turn, same roadway-Head on                             1.0000000
## RR train, engine-Head on                                     1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Head on                        0.9999667
## Sideswipe, same direction-Head on                            0.0000000
## Left turn, different roadways-Jackknife                      0.6918398
## Left turn, same roadway-Jackknife                            0.0617939
## Moveable object*-Jackknife                                   1.0000000
## Other collision with vehicle*-Jackknife                      1.0000000
## Other non-collision*-Jackknife                               1.0000000
## Overturn/rollover-Jackknife                                  1.0000000
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Jackknife                               0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Jackknife                                       1.0000000
## Pedestrian-Jackknife                                         1.0000000
## Ran off road - left-Jackknife                                1.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Jackknife                               1.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Jackknife                            1.0000000
## Rear end, slow or stop-Jackknife                             0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Jackknife                                     1.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Jackknife                     0.9999895
## Right turn, same roadway-Jackknife                           0.9999999
## RR train, engine-Jackknife                                   1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Jackknife                      0.9999924
## Sideswipe, same direction-Jackknife                          0.0000000
## Left turn, same roadway-Left turn, different roadways        0.0000373
## Moveable object*-Left turn, different roadways               0.0000000
## Other collision with vehicle*-Left turn, different roadways  0.0000000
## Other non-collision*-Left turn, different roadways           0.0000000
## Overturn/rollover-Left turn, different roadways              0.0000000
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Left turn, different roadways           0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Left turn, different roadways                   0.0000035
## Pedestrian-Left turn, different roadways                     0.0000000
## Ran off road - left-Left turn, different roadways            0.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Left turn, different roadways           0.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Left turn, different roadways        0.0000000
## Rear end, slow or stop-Left turn, different roadways         0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Left turn, different roadways                 0.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Left turn, different roadways 0.0000053
## Right turn, same roadway-Left turn, different roadways       0.0000000
## RR train, engine-Left turn, different roadways               1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Left turn, different roadways  0.0000003
## Sideswipe, same direction-Left turn, different roadways      0.0000000
## Moveable object*-Left turn, same roadway                     0.0000000
## Other collision with vehicle*-Left turn, same roadway        0.0000000
## Other non-collision*-Left turn, same roadway                 0.0000000
## Overturn/rollover-Left turn, same roadway                    0.0000000
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Left turn, same roadway                 0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Left turn, same roadway                         0.0000000
## Pedestrian-Left turn, same roadway                           0.0000000
## Ran off road - left-Left turn, same roadway                  0.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Left turn, same roadway                 0.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Left turn, same roadway              0.0000000
## Rear end, slow or stop-Left turn, same roadway               0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Left turn, same roadway                       0.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Left turn, same roadway       0.0000000
## Right turn, same roadway-Left turn, same roadway             0.0000000
## RR train, engine-Left turn, same roadway                     1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Left turn, same roadway        0.0000000
## Sideswipe, same direction-Left turn, same roadway            0.0000000
## Other collision with vehicle*-Moveable object*               0.8899406
## Other non-collision*-Moveable object*                        1.0000000
## Overturn/rollover-Moveable object*                           0.9985979
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Moveable object*                        0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Moveable object*                                1.0000000
## Pedestrian-Moveable object*                                  0.9999998
## Ran off road - left-Moveable object*                         1.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Moveable object*                        0.8712375
## Ran off road - straight-Moveable object*                     0.9739866
## Rear end, slow or stop-Moveable object*                      0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Moveable object*                              0.9995790
## Right turn, different roadways-Moveable object*              0.0230762
## Right turn, same roadway-Moveable object*                    0.3454581
## RR train, engine-Moveable object*                            1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Moveable object*               0.0153658
## Sideswipe, same direction-Moveable object*                   0.0000000
## Other non-collision*-Other collision with vehicle*           0.7616953
## Overturn/rollover-Other collision with vehicle*              0.3817709
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Other collision with vehicle*           0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Other collision with vehicle*                   0.9972214
## Pedestrian-Other collision with vehicle*                     0.9999648
## Ran off road - left-Other collision with vehicle*            0.9981647
## Ran off road - right-Other collision with vehicle*           1.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Other collision with vehicle*        0.0628074
## Rear end, slow or stop-Other collision with vehicle*         0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Other collision with vehicle*                 1.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Other collision with vehicle* 0.9995673
## Right turn, same roadway-Other collision with vehicle*       1.0000000
## RR train, engine-Other collision with vehicle*               1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Other collision with vehicle*  0.9996640
## Sideswipe, same direction-Other collision with vehicle*      0.0000000
## Overturn/rollover-Other non-collision*                       0.9999988
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Other non-collision*                    0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Other non-collision*                            1.0000000
## Pedestrian-Other non-collision*                              0.9998035
## Ran off road - left-Other non-collision*                     0.9999266
## Ran off road - right-Other non-collision*                    0.7594145
## Ran off road - straight-Other non-collision*                 0.9999747
## Rear end, slow or stop-Other non-collision*                  0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Other non-collision*                          0.9908907
## Right turn, different roadways-Other non-collision*          0.0298260
## Right turn, same roadway-Other non-collision*                0.2871043
## RR train, engine-Other non-collision*                        1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Other non-collision*           0.0242097
## Sideswipe, same direction-Other non-collision*               0.0000000
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Overturn/rollover                       0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Overturn/rollover                               0.9999996
## Pedestrian-Overturn/rollover                                 0.9220179
## Ran off road - left-Overturn/rollover                        0.9365924
## Ran off road - right-Overturn/rollover                       0.3991002
## Ran off road - straight-Overturn/rollover                    1.0000000
## Rear end, slow or stop-Overturn/rollover                     0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Overturn/rollover                             0.7729459
## Right turn, different roadways-Overturn/rollover             0.0201395
## Right turn, same roadway-Overturn/rollover                   0.1301658
## RR train, engine-Overturn/rollover                           1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Overturn/rollover              0.0188469
## Sideswipe, same direction-Overturn/rollover                  0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Parked Motor Vehicle                            0.0000000
## Pedestrian-Parked Motor Vehicle                              0.0000000
## Ran off road - left-Parked Motor Vehicle                     0.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Parked Motor Vehicle                    0.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Parked Motor Vehicle                 0.0000000
## Rear end, slow or stop-Parked Motor Vehicle                  0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Parked Motor Vehicle                          0.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Parked Motor Vehicle          0.0000000
## Right turn, same roadway-Parked Motor Vehicle                0.0000000
## RR train, engine-Parked Motor Vehicle                        0.9885633
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Parked Motor Vehicle           0.0000000
## Sideswipe, same direction-Parked Motor Vehicle               0.0000000
## Pedestrian-Pedalcyclist                                      1.0000000
## Ran off road - left-Pedalcyclist                             1.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Pedalcyclist                            0.9990281
## Ran off road - straight-Pedalcyclist                         0.9999975
## Rear end, slow or stop-Pedalcyclist                          0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Pedalcyclist                                  0.9999834
## Right turn, different roadways-Pedalcyclist                  0.6580271
## Right turn, same roadway-Pedalcyclist                        0.9533284
## RR train, engine-Pedalcyclist                                1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Pedalcyclist                   0.6649731
## Sideswipe, same direction-Pedalcyclist                       0.0000000
## Ran off road - left-Pedestrian                               1.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Pedestrian                              0.9999965
## Ran off road - straight-Pedestrian                           0.6056776
## Rear end, slow or stop-Pedestrian                            0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Pedestrian                                    1.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Pedestrian                    0.4658018
## Right turn, same roadway-Pedestrian                          0.9751451
## RR train, engine-Pedestrian                                  1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Pedestrian                     0.4306091
## Sideswipe, same direction-Pedestrian                         0.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Ran off road - left                     0.9989925
## Ran off road - straight-Ran off road - left                  0.5972378
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - left                   0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - left                           1.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - left           0.1320478
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - left                 0.8072583
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - left                         1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - left            0.0978402
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - left                0.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Ran off road - right                 0.0426255
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - right                  0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - right                          1.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - right          0.9334121
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - right                0.9999983
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - right                        1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - right           0.9225337
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - right               0.0000000
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - straight               0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - straight                       0.3948157
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - straight       0.0002058
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - straight             0.0059800
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - straight                     1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - straight        0.0001358
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - straight            0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Rear end, slow or stop                        0.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Rear end, slow or stop        0.0000000
## Right turn, same roadway-Rear end, slow or stop              0.0000000
## RR train, engine-Rear end, slow or stop                      0.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Rear end, slow or stop         0.0000000
## Sideswipe, same direction-Rear end, slow or stop             0.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Rear end, turn                0.9866691
## Right turn, same roadway-Rear end, turn                      0.9999987
## RR train, engine-Rear end, turn                              1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Rear end, turn                 0.9877902
## Sideswipe, same direction-Rear end, turn                     0.0000000
## Right turn, same roadway-Right turn, different roadways      0.9999999
## RR train, engine-Right turn, different roadways              1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Right turn, different roadways 1.0000000
## Sideswipe, same direction-Right turn, different roadways     0.0000000
## RR train, engine-Right turn, same roadway                    1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Right turn, same roadway       1.0000000
## Sideswipe, same direction-Right turn, same roadway           0.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-RR train, engine               1.0000000
## Sideswipe, same direction-RR train, engine                   0.0703428
## Sideswipe, same direction-Sideswipe, opposite direction      0.0000000

Is there a significant difference between the amount of crashes per each most harmful event?

crashes_most_harm = crashes %>%
  separate(crash_date, 
           into = c("Date", "Hour"), sep = 11) %>%
  filter(MostHarmfulEvent != "Unknown", MostHarmfulEvent != "NA") %>%
  group_by(Date, MostHarmfulEvent) %>%
  summarize(count = length(key_crash))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'Date'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
anova_most_harm = aov(count ~ MostHarmfulEvent, data = crashes_most_harm)
summary(anova_most_harm)
##                     Df  Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## MostHarmfulEvent    24 7186710  299446    3177 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals        30461 2870875      94                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
TukeyHSD(anova_most_harm)
##   Tukey multiple comparisons of means
##     95% family-wise confidence level
## 
## Fit: aov(formula = count ~ MostHarmfulEvent, data = crashes_most_harm)
## 
## $MostHarmfulEvent
##                                                                      diff
## Animal-Angle                                                 -17.03589811
## Backing up-Angle                                              -4.94235793
## Fixed object*-Angle                                          -13.46741493
## Head on-Angle                                                -15.08933603
## Jackknife-Angle                                              -16.57458255
## Left turn, different roadways-Angle                          -13.03759010
## Left turn, same roadway-Angle                                -11.49873661
## Moveable object*-Angle                                       -16.33303873
## Other collision with vehicle*-Angle                          -15.29512497
## Other non-collision*-Angle                                   -16.95794969
## Overturn/rollover-Angle                                      -16.62752373
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Angle                                    -4.67321338
## Pedalcyclist-Angle                                           -16.53657723
## Pedestrian-Angle                                             -15.86310351
## Ran off road - left-Angle                                    -16.90934191
## Ran off road - right-Angle                                   -16.82815041
## Ran off road - straight-Angle                                -17.56531900
## Rear end, slow or stop-Angle                                  41.08962893
## Rear end, turn-Angle                                         -15.65600055
## Right turn, different roadways-Angle                         -14.92209877
## Right turn, same roadway-Angle                               -15.24574759
## RR train, engine-Angle                                       -16.92752373
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Angle                          -14.70306136
## Sideswipe, same direction-Angle                                6.85680688
## Backing up-Animal                                             12.09354018
## Fixed object*-Animal                                           3.56848318
## Head on-Animal                                                 1.94656209
## Jackknife-Animal                                               0.46131556
## Left turn, different roadways-Animal                           3.99830801
## Left turn, same roadway-Animal                                 5.53716150
## Moveable object*-Animal                                        0.70285938
## Other collision with vehicle*-Animal                           1.74077314
## Other non-collision*-Animal                                    0.07794842
## Overturn/rollover-Animal                                       0.40837438
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Animal                                   12.36268473
## Pedalcyclist-Animal                                            0.49932089
## Pedestrian-Animal                                              1.17279460
## Ran off road - left-Animal                                     0.12655620
## Ran off road - right-Animal                                    0.20774771
## Ran off road - straight-Animal                                -0.52942089
## Rear end, slow or stop-Animal                                 58.12552704
## Rear end, turn-Animal                                          1.37989756
## Right turn, different roadways-Animal                          2.11379934
## Right turn, same roadway-Animal                                1.79015052
## RR train, engine-Animal                                        0.10837438
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Animal                           2.33283675
## Sideswipe, same direction-Animal                              23.89270499
## Fixed object*-Backing up                                      -8.52505700
## Head on-Backing up                                           -10.14697809
## Jackknife-Backing up                                         -11.63222462
## Left turn, different roadways-Backing up                      -8.09523217
## Left turn, same roadway-Backing up                            -6.55637868
## Moveable object*-Backing up                                  -11.39068080
## Other collision with vehicle*-Backing up                     -10.35276704
## Other non-collision*-Backing up                              -12.01559176
## Overturn/rollover-Backing up                                 -11.68516579
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Backing up                                0.26914455
## Pedalcyclist-Backing up                                      -11.59421929
## Pedestrian-Backing up                                        -10.92074558
## Ran off road - left-Backing up                               -11.96698398
## Ran off road - right-Backing up                              -11.88579247
## Ran off road - straight-Backing up                           -12.62296107
## Rear end, slow or stop-Backing up                             46.03198686
## Rear end, turn-Backing up                                    -10.71364262
## Right turn, different roadways-Backing up                     -9.97974084
## Right turn, same roadway-Backing up                          -10.30338966
## RR train, engine-Backing up                                  -11.98516579
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Backing up                      -9.76070343
## Sideswipe, same direction-Backing up                          11.79916481
## Head on-Fixed object*                                         -1.62192109
## Jackknife-Fixed object*                                       -3.10716762
## Left turn, different roadways-Fixed object*                    0.42982483
## Left turn, same roadway-Fixed object*                          1.96867832
## Moveable object*-Fixed object*                                -2.86562380
## Other collision with vehicle*-Fixed object*                   -1.82771004
## Other non-collision*-Fixed object*                            -3.49053476
## Overturn/rollover-Fixed object*                               -3.16010879
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Fixed object*                             8.79420155
## Pedalcyclist-Fixed object*                                    -3.06916229
## Pedestrian-Fixed object*                                      -2.39568858
## Ran off road - left-Fixed object*                             -3.44192698
## Ran off road - right-Fixed object*                            -3.36073547
## Ran off road - straight-Fixed object*                         -4.09790407
## Rear end, slow or stop-Fixed object*                          54.55704386
## Rear end, turn-Fixed object*                                  -2.18858562
## Right turn, different roadways-Fixed object*                  -1.45468384
## Right turn, same roadway-Fixed object*                        -1.77833266
## RR train, engine-Fixed object*                                -3.46010879
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Fixed object*                   -1.23564643
## Sideswipe, same direction-Fixed object*                       20.32422181
## Jackknife-Head on                                             -1.48524653
## Left turn, different roadways-Head on                          2.05174593
## Left turn, same roadway-Head on                                3.59059941
## Moveable object*-Head on                                      -1.24370271
## Other collision with vehicle*-Head on                         -0.20578895
## Other non-collision*-Head on                                  -1.86861367
## Overturn/rollover-Head on                                     -1.53818770
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Head on                                  10.41612264
## Pedalcyclist-Head on                                          -1.44724120
## Pedestrian-Head on                                            -0.77376748
## Ran off road - left-Head on                                   -1.82000588
## Ran off road - right-Head on                                  -1.73881438
## Ran off road - straight-Head on                               -2.47598298
## Rear end, slow or stop-Head on                                56.17896496
## Rear end, turn-Head on                                        -0.56666452
## Right turn, different roadways-Head on                         0.16723725
## Right turn, same roadway-Head on                              -0.15641157
## RR train, engine-Head on                                      -1.83818770
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Head on                          0.38627466
## Sideswipe, same direction-Head on                             21.94614290
## Left turn, different roadways-Jackknife                        3.53699245
## Left turn, same roadway-Jackknife                              5.07584594
## Moveable object*-Jackknife                                     0.24154382
## Other collision with vehicle*-Jackknife                        1.27945758
## Other non-collision*-Jackknife                                -0.38336714
## Overturn/rollover-Jackknife                                   -0.05294118
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Jackknife                                11.90136917
## Pedalcyclist-Jackknife                                         0.03800533
## Pedestrian-Jackknife                                           0.71147904
## Ran off road - left-Jackknife                                 -0.33475936
## Ran off road - right-Jackknife                                -0.25356786
## Ran off road - straight-Jackknife                             -0.99073645
## Rear end, slow or stop-Jackknife                              57.66421148
## Rear end, turn-Jackknife                                       0.91858200
## Right turn, different roadways-Jackknife                       1.65248378
## Right turn, same roadway-Jackknife                             1.32883496
## RR train, engine-Jackknife                                    -0.35294118
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Jackknife                        1.87152119
## Sideswipe, same direction-Jackknife                           23.43138943
## Left turn, same roadway-Left turn, different roadways          1.53885349
## Moveable object*-Left turn, different roadways                -3.29544863
## Other collision with vehicle*-Left turn, different roadways   -2.25753487
## Other non-collision*-Left turn, different roadways            -3.92035959
## Overturn/rollover-Left turn, different roadways               -3.58993363
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Left turn, different roadways             8.36437672
## Pedalcyclist-Left turn, different roadways                    -3.49898713
## Pedestrian-Left turn, different roadways                      -2.82551341
## Ran off road - left-Left turn, different roadways             -3.87175181
## Ran off road - right-Left turn, different roadways            -3.79056031
## Ran off road - straight-Left turn, different roadways         -4.52772890
## Rear end, slow or stop-Left turn, different roadways          54.12721903
## Rear end, turn-Left turn, different roadways                  -2.61841045
## Right turn, different roadways-Left turn, different roadways  -1.88450867
## Right turn, same roadway-Left turn, different roadways        -2.20815750
## RR train, engine-Left turn, different roadways                -3.88993363
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Left turn, different roadways   -1.66547126
## Sideswipe, same direction-Left turn, different roadways       19.89439698
## Moveable object*-Left turn, same roadway                      -4.83430212
## Other collision with vehicle*-Left turn, same roadway         -3.79638836
## Other non-collision*-Left turn, same roadway                  -5.45921308
## Overturn/rollover-Left turn, same roadway                     -5.12878712
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Left turn, same roadway                   6.82552323
## Pedalcyclist-Left turn, same roadway                          -5.03784061
## Pedestrian-Left turn, same roadway                            -4.36436690
## Ran off road - left-Left turn, same roadway                   -5.41060530
## Ran off road - right-Left turn, same roadway                  -5.32941379
## Ran off road - straight-Left turn, same roadway               -6.06658239
## Rear end, slow or stop-Left turn, same roadway                52.58836554
## Rear end, turn-Left turn, same roadway                        -4.15726394
## Right turn, different roadways-Left turn, same roadway        -3.42336216
## Right turn, same roadway-Left turn, same roadway              -3.74701098
## RR train, engine-Left turn, same roadway                      -5.42878712
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Left turn, same roadway         -3.20432475
## Sideswipe, same direction-Left turn, same roadway             18.35554349
## Other collision with vehicle*-Moveable object*                 1.03791376
## Other non-collision*-Moveable object*                         -0.62491096
## Overturn/rollover-Moveable object*                            -0.29448500
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Moveable object*                         11.65982535
## Pedalcyclist-Moveable object*                                 -0.20353849
## Pedestrian-Moveable object*                                    0.46993522
## Ran off road - left-Moveable object*                          -0.57630318
## Ran off road - right-Moveable object*                         -0.49511167
## Ran off road - straight-Moveable object*                      -1.23228027
## Rear end, slow or stop-Moveable object*                       57.42266766
## Rear end, turn-Moveable object*                                0.67703818
## Right turn, different roadways-Moveable object*                1.41093996
## Right turn, same roadway-Moveable object*                      1.08729114
## RR train, engine-Moveable object*                             -0.59448500
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Moveable object*                 1.62997737
## Sideswipe, same direction-Moveable object*                    23.18984561
## Other non-collision*-Other collision with vehicle*            -1.66282472
## Overturn/rollover-Other collision with vehicle*               -1.33239875
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Other collision with vehicle*            10.62191159
## Pedalcyclist-Other collision with vehicle*                    -1.24145225
## Pedestrian-Other collision with vehicle*                      -0.56797854
## Ran off road - left-Other collision with vehicle*             -1.61421694
## Ran off road - right-Other collision with vehicle*            -1.53302543
## Ran off road - straight-Other collision with vehicle*         -2.27019403
## Rear end, slow or stop-Other collision with vehicle*          56.38475390
## Rear end, turn-Other collision with vehicle*                  -0.36087558
## Right turn, different roadways-Other collision with vehicle*   0.37302620
## Right turn, same roadway-Other collision with vehicle*         0.04937738
## RR train, engine-Other collision with vehicle*                -1.63239875
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Other collision with vehicle*    0.59206361
## Sideswipe, same direction-Other collision with vehicle*       22.15193185
## Overturn/rollover-Other non-collision*                         0.33042596
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Other non-collision*                     12.28473631
## Pedalcyclist-Other non-collision*                              0.42137247
## Pedestrian-Other non-collision*                                1.09484618
## Ran off road - left-Other non-collision*                       0.04860778
## Ran off road - right-Other non-collision*                      0.12979928
## Ran off road - straight-Other non-collision*                  -0.60736931
## Rear end, slow or stop-Other non-collision*                   58.04757862
## Rear end, turn-Other non-collision*                            1.30194914
## Right turn, different roadways-Other non-collision*            2.03585092
## Right turn, same roadway-Other non-collision*                  1.71220210
## RR train, engine-Other non-collision*                          0.03042596
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Other non-collision*             2.25488833
## Sideswipe, same direction-Other non-collision*                23.81475657
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Overturn/rollover                        11.95431034
## Pedalcyclist-Overturn/rollover                                 0.09094650
## Pedestrian-Overturn/rollover                                   0.76442022
## Ran off road - left-Overturn/rollover                         -0.28181818
## Ran off road - right-Overturn/rollover                        -0.20062668
## Ran off road - straight-Overturn/rollover                     -0.93779528
## Rear end, slow or stop-Overturn/rollover                      57.71715266
## Rear end, turn-Overturn/rollover                               0.97152318
## Right turn, different roadways-Overturn/rollover               1.70542495
## Right turn, same roadway-Overturn/rollover                     1.38177613
## RR train, engine-Overturn/rollover                            -0.30000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Overturn/rollover                1.92446237
## Sideswipe, same direction-Overturn/rollover                   23.48433061
## Pedalcyclist-Parked Motor Vehicle                            -11.86336384
## Pedestrian-Parked Motor Vehicle                              -11.18989013
## Ran off road - left-Parked Motor Vehicle                     -12.23612853
## Ran off road - right-Parked Motor Vehicle                    -12.15493702
## Ran off road - straight-Parked Motor Vehicle                 -12.89210562
## Rear end, slow or stop-Parked Motor Vehicle                   45.76284231
## Rear end, turn-Parked Motor Vehicle                          -10.98278717
## Right turn, different roadways-Parked Motor Vehicle          -10.24888539
## Right turn, same roadway-Parked Motor Vehicle                -10.57253421
## RR train, engine-Parked Motor Vehicle                        -12.25431034
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Parked Motor Vehicle           -10.02984798
## Sideswipe, same direction-Parked Motor Vehicle                11.53002026
## Pedestrian-Pedalcyclist                                        0.67347372
## Ran off road - left-Pedalcyclist                              -0.37276468
## Ran off road - right-Pedalcyclist                             -0.29157318
## Ran off road - straight-Pedalcyclist                          -1.02874178
## Rear end, slow or stop-Pedalcyclist                           57.62620616
## Rear end, turn-Pedalcyclist                                    0.88057668
## Right turn, different roadways-Pedalcyclist                    1.61447845
## Right turn, same roadway-Pedalcyclist                          1.29082963
## RR train, engine-Pedalcyclist                                 -0.39094650
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Pedalcyclist                     1.83351586
## Sideswipe, same direction-Pedalcyclist                        23.39338410
## Ran off road - left-Pedestrian                                -1.04623840
## Ran off road - right-Pedestrian                               -0.96504690
## Ran off road - straight-Pedestrian                            -1.70221549
## Rear end, slow or stop-Pedestrian                             56.95273244
## Rear end, turn-Pedestrian                                      0.20710296
## Right turn, different roadways-Pedestrian                      0.94100474
## Right turn, same roadway-Pedestrian                            0.61735592
## RR train, engine-Pedestrian                                   -1.06442022
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Pedestrian                       1.16004215
## Sideswipe, same direction-Pedestrian                          22.71991039
## Ran off road - right-Ran off road - left                       0.08119150
## Ran off road - straight-Ran off road - left                   -0.65597709
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - left                    57.99897084
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - left                             1.25334136
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - left             1.98724314
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - left                   1.66359432
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - left                          -0.01818182
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - left              2.20628055
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - left                 23.76614879
## Ran off road - straight-Ran off road - right                  -0.73716860
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - right                   57.91777934
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - right                            1.17214986
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - right            1.90605163
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - right                  1.58240281
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - right                         -0.09937332
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - right             2.12508904
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - right                23.68495729
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - straight                58.65494793
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - straight                         1.90931845
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - straight         2.64322023
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - straight               2.31957141
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - straight                       0.63779528
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - straight          2.86225764
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - straight             24.42212588
## Rear end, turn-Rear end, slow or stop                        -56.74562948
## Right turn, different roadways-Rear end, slow or stop        -56.01172770
## Right turn, same roadway-Rear end, slow or stop              -56.33537653
## RR train, engine-Rear end, slow or stop                      -58.01715266
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Rear end, slow or stop         -55.79269029
## Sideswipe, same direction-Rear end, slow or stop             -34.23282205
## Right turn, different roadways-Rear end, turn                  0.73390178
## Right turn, same roadway-Rear end, turn                        0.41025295
## RR train, engine-Rear end, turn                               -1.27152318
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Rear end, turn                   0.95293919
## Sideswipe, same direction-Rear end, turn                      22.51280743
## Right turn, same roadway-Right turn, different roadways       -0.32364882
## RR train, engine-Right turn, different roadways               -2.00542495
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Right turn, different roadways   0.21903741
## Sideswipe, same direction-Right turn, different roadways      21.77890565
## RR train, engine-Right turn, same roadway                     -1.68177613
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Right turn, same roadway         0.54268623
## Sideswipe, same direction-Right turn, same roadway            22.10255447
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-RR train, engine                 2.22446237
## Sideswipe, same direction-RR train, engine                    23.78433061
## Sideswipe, same direction-Sideswipe, opposite direction       21.55986824
##                                                                        lwr
## Animal-Angle                                                 -18.484001820
## Backing up-Angle                                              -5.988398838
## Fixed object*-Angle                                          -14.523658448
## Head on-Angle                                                -16.469316669
## Jackknife-Angle                                              -22.709160817
## Left turn, different roadways-Angle                          -14.151809998
## Left turn, same roadway-Angle                                -12.584394908
## Moveable object*-Angle                                       -17.584736014
## Other collision with vehicle*-Angle                          -16.656555496
## Other non-collision*-Angle                                   -18.719165092
## Overturn/rollover-Angle                                      -18.150714403
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Angle                                    -5.716075499
## Pedalcyclist-Angle                                           -18.931034896
## Pedestrian-Angle                                             -17.202429599
## Ran off road - left-Angle                                    -18.348971377
## Ran off road - right-Angle                                   -18.121578517
## Ran off road - straight-Angle                                -19.912378696
## Rear end, slow or stop-Angle                                  40.048108689
## Rear end, turn-Angle                                         -17.278285531
## Right turn, different roadways-Angle                         -16.219860093
## Right turn, same roadway-Angle                               -16.553628643
## RR train, engine-Angle                                       -52.446127529
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Angle                          -15.882671341
## Sideswipe, same direction-Angle                                5.814281369
## Backing up-Animal                                             10.643307248
## Fixed object*-Animal                                           2.110874060
## Head on-Animal                                                 0.239716881
## Jackknife-Animal                                              -5.754955386
## Left turn, different roadways-Animal                           2.498154700
## Left turn, same roadway-Animal                                 4.058098312
## Moveable object*-Animal                                       -0.902045622
## Other collision with vehicle*-Animal                           0.048890445
## Other non-collision*-Animal                                   -1.949575603
## Overturn/rollover-Animal                                      -1.416203324
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Animal                                   10.914742959
## Pedalcyclist-Animal                                           -2.097292584
## Pedestrian-Animal                                             -0.501352450
## Ran off road - left-Animal                                    -1.628865964
## Ran off road - right-Animal                                   -1.429912289
## Ran off road - straight-Animal                                -3.082392333
## Rear end, slow or stop-Animal                                 56.678551441
## Rear end, turn-Animal                                         -0.528185911
## Right turn, different roadways-Animal                          0.472714813
## Right turn, same roadway-Animal                                0.141051729
## RR train, engine-Animal                                      -35.424430036
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Animal                           0.783496994
## Sideswipe, same direction-Animal                              22.445005638
## Fixed object*-Backing up                                      -9.584217783
## Head on-Backing up                                           -11.529192902
## Jackknife-Backing up                                         -17.767305848
## Left turn, different roadways-Backing up                      -9.212217924
## Left turn, same roadway-Backing up                            -7.644875412
## Moveable object*-Backing up                                  -12.644840791
## Other collision with vehicle*-Backing up                     -11.716462120
## Other non-collision*-Backing up                              -13.778558261
## Overturn/rollover-Backing up                                 -13.210380873
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Backing up                               -0.776672161
## Pedalcyclist-Backing up                                      -13.989965259
## Pedestrian-Backing up                                        -12.262373533
## Ran off road - left-Backing up                               -13.408755181
## Ran off road - right-Backing up                              -13.181603987
## Ran off road - straight-Backing up                           -14.971335062
## Rear end, slow or stop-Backing up                             44.987508231
## Rear end, turn-Backing up                                    -12.337828493
## Right turn, different roadways-Backing up                    -11.279877619
## Right turn, same roadway-Backing up                          -11.613627822
## RR train, engine-Backing up                                  -47.503856468
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Backing up                     -10.942926294
## Sideswipe, same direction-Backing up                          10.753683756
## Head on-Fixed object*                                         -3.011873095
## Jackknife-Fixed object*                                       -9.243996644
## Left turn, different roadways-Fixed object*                   -0.696721203
## Left turn, same roadway-Fixed object*                          0.870373296
## Moveable object*-Fixed object*                                -4.128305895
## Other collision with vehicle*-Fixed object*                   -3.199246791
## Other non-collision*-Fixed object*                            -5.259573955
## Overturn/rollover-Fixed object*                               -4.692339138
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Fixed object*                             7.738180062
## Pedalcyclist-Fixed object*                                    -5.469380517
## Pedestrian-Fixed object*                                      -3.745286429
## Ran off road - left-Fixed object*                             -4.891117438
## Ran off road - right-Fixed object*                            -4.664796925
## Ran off road - straight-Fixed object*                         -6.450840362
## Rear end, slow or stop-Fixed object*                          53.502347507
## Rear end, turn-Fixed object*                                  -3.819361062
## Right turn, different roadways-Fixed object*                  -2.763043284
## Right turn, same roadway-Fixed object*                        -3.096730487
## RR train, engine-Fixed object*                               -38.979101404
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Fixed object*                   -2.426906137
## Sideswipe, same direction-Fixed object*                       19.268532734
## Jackknife-Head on                                             -7.686001860
## Left turn, different roadways-Head on                          0.617241765
## Left turn, same roadway-Head on                                2.178165293
## Moveable object*-Head on                                      -2.787419744
## Other collision with vehicle*-Head on                         -1.839744050
## Other non-collision*-Head on                                  -3.848056996
## Overturn/rollover-Head on                                     -3.309183479
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Head on                                   9.036311931
## Pedalcyclist-Head on                                          -4.006487914
## Pedestrian-Head on                                            -2.389351150
## Ran off road - left-Head on                                   -3.519667383
## Ran off road - right-Head on                                  -3.316557226
## Ran off road - straight-Head on                               -4.990939322
## Rear end, slow or stop-Head on                                54.800168154
## Rear end, turn-Head on                                        -2.423577222
## Right turn, different roadways-Head on                        -1.414059890
## Right turn, same roadway-Head on                              -1.746024429
## RR train, engine-Head on                                     -37.368281035
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Head on                         -1.099590711
## Sideswipe, same direction-Head on                             20.566586583
## Left turn, different roadways-Jackknife                       -2.610080520
## Left turn, same roadway-Jackknife                             -1.066114177
## Moveable object*-Jackknife                                    -5.931928965
## Other collision with vehicle*-Jackknife                       -4.917195810
## Other non-collision*-Jackknife                                -6.679945562
## Overturn/rollover-Jackknife                                   -6.287131578
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Jackknife                                 5.766829126
## Pedalcyclist-Jackknife                                        -6.464182588
## Pedestrian-Jackknife                                          -5.480355461
## Ran off road - left-Jackknife                                 -6.549061663
## Ran off road - right-Jackknife                                -6.435636798
## Ran off road - straight-Jackknife                             -7.475619592
## Rear end, slow or stop-Jackknife                              51.529899414
## Rear end, turn-Jackknife                                      -5.340557611
## Right turn, different roadways-Jackknife                      -4.530493221
## Right turn, same roadway-Jackknife                            -4.856274013
## RR train, engine-Jackknife                                   -36.382321356
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Jackknife                       -4.287740117
## Sideswipe, same direction-Jackknife                           17.296906602
## Left turn, same roadway-Left turn, different roadways          0.384682985
## Moveable object*-Left turn, different roadways                -4.607013232
## Other collision with vehicle*-Left turn, different roadways   -3.674203036
## Other non-collision*-Left turn, different roadways            -5.724614369
## Overturn/rollover-Left turn, different roadways               -5.162690903
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Left turn, different roadways             7.250367289
## Pedalcyclist-Left turn, different roadways                    -5.925277123
## Pedestrian-Left turn, different roadways                      -4.220952404
## Ran off road - left-Left turn, different roadways             -5.363726547
## Ran off road - right-Left turn, different roadways            -5.142008378
## Ran off road - straight-Left turn, different roadways         -6.907255079
## Rear end, slow or stop-Left turn, different roadways          53.014465677
## Rear end, turn-Left turn, different roadways                  -4.287321524
## Right turn, different roadways-Left turn, different roadways  -3.240104504
## Right turn, same roadway-Left turn, different roadways        -3.573444442
## RR train, engine-Left turn, different roadways               -39.410697579
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Left turn, different roadways   -2.908425531
## Sideswipe, same direction-Left turn, different roadways       18.780702653
## Moveable object*-Left turn, same roadway                      -6.121690816
## Other collision with vehicle*-Left turn, same roadway         -5.190704193
## Other non-collision*-Left turn, same roadway                  -7.245970830
## Overturn/rollover-Left turn, same roadway                     -6.681440781
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Left turn, same roadway                   5.740080941
## Pedalcyclist-Left turn, same roadway                          -7.451147702
## Pedestrian-Left turn, same roadway                            -5.737107930
## Ran off road - left-Left turn, same roadway                   -6.881372639
## Ran off road - right-Left turn, same roadway                  -6.657412231
## Ran off road - straight-Left turn, same roadway               -8.432869097
## Rear end, slow or stop-Left turn, same roadway                51.504212426
## Rear end, turn-Left turn, same roadway                        -5.807243371
## Right turn, different roadways-Left turn, same roadway        -4.755581367
## Right turn, same roadway-Left turn, same roadway              -5.089090118
## RR train, engine-Left turn, same roadway                     -40.948666615
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Left turn, same roadway         -4.421741388
## Sideswipe, same direction-Left turn, same roadway             17.270424601
## Other collision with vehicle*-Moveable object*                -0.489243334
## Other non-collision*-Moveable object*                         -2.517157087
## Overturn/rollover-Moveable object*                            -1.967454078
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Moveable object*                         10.408315418
## Pedalcyclist-Moveable object*                                 -2.695955644
## Pedestrian-Moveable object*                                   -1.037549467
## Ran off road - left-Moveable object*                          -2.173566062
## Ran off road - right-Moveable object*                         -1.961969539
## Ran off road - straight-Moveable object*                      -3.679197704
## Rear end, slow or stop-Moveable object*                       56.172275672
## Rear end, turn-Moveable object*                               -1.086629666
## Right turn, different roadways-Moveable object*               -0.059740210
## Right turn, same roadway-Moveable object*                     -0.392326567
## RR train, engine-Moveable object*                            -36.119827102
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Moveable object*                 0.262426487
## Sideswipe, same direction-Moveable object*                    21.938616154
## Other non-collision*-Other collision with vehicle*            -3.629380688
## Overturn/rollover-Other collision with vehicle*               -3.088978536
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Other collision with vehicle*             9.260653316
## Pedalcyclist-Other collision with vehicle*                    -3.790744356
## Pedestrian-Other collision with vehicle*                      -2.167746354
## Ran off road - left-Other collision with vehicle*             -3.298852119
## Ran off road - right-Other collision with vehicle*            -3.094569212
## Ran off road - straight-Other collision with vehicle*         -4.775019752
## Rear end, slow or stop-Other collision with vehicle*          55.024523369
## Rear end, turn-Other collision with vehicle*                  -2.204044385
## Right turn, different roadways-Other collision with vehicle*  -1.192108663
## Right turn, same roadway-Other collision with vehicle*        -1.524158618
## RR train, engine-Other collision with vehicle*               -37.161776439
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Other collision with vehicle*   -0.876589649
## Sideswipe, same direction-Other collision with vehicle*       20.790931436
## Overturn/rollover-Other non-collision*                        -1.751390348
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Other non-collision*                     10.523654052
## Pedalcyclist-Other non-collision*                             -2.362020581
## Pedestrian-Other non-collision*                               -0.856472268
## Ran off road - left-Other non-collision*                      -1.972872449
## Ran off road - right-Other non-collision*                     -1.790306337
## Ran off road - straight-Other non-collision*                  -3.350093965
## Rear end, slow or stop-Other non-collision*                   56.287290653
## Rear end, turn-Other non-collision*                           -0.853429684
## Right turn, different roadways-Other non-collision*            0.112823679
## Right turn, same roadway-Other non-collision*                 -0.217668924
## RR train, engine-Other non-collision*                        -35.516515752
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Other non-collision*             0.409534970
## Sideswipe, same direction-Other non-collision*                22.053873622
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Overturn/rollover                        10.431273623
## Pedalcyclist-Overturn/rollover                                -2.548278194
## Pedestrian-Overturn/rollover                                  -0.975083687
## Ran off road - left-Overturn/rollover                         -2.099677491
## Ran off road - right-Overturn/rollover                        -1.905043219
## Ran off road - straight-Overturn/rollover                     -3.534094308
## Rear end, slow or stop-Overturn/rollover                      56.195034438
## Rear end, turn-Overturn/rollover                              -0.994154320
## Right turn, different roadways-Overturn/rollover              -0.002282253
## Right turn, same roadway-Overturn/rollover                    -0.333634109
## RR train, engine-Overturn/rollover                           -35.835943712
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Overturn/rollover                0.304721903
## Sideswipe, same direction-Overturn/rollover                   21.961524348
## Pedalcyclist-Parked Motor Vehicle                            -14.257723581
## Pedestrian-Parked Motor Vehicle                              -12.529041125
## Ran off road - left-Parked Motor Vehicle                     -13.675595104
## Ran off road - right-Parked Motor Vehicle                    -13.448183829
## Ran off road - straight-Parked Motor Vehicle                 -15.239065404
## Rear end, slow or stop-Parked Motor Vehicle                   44.721547238
## Rear end, turn-Parked Motor Vehicle                          -12.604927600
## Right turn, different roadways-Parked Motor Vehicle          -11.546466010
## Right turn, same roadway-Parked Motor Vehicle                -11.880235958
## RR train, engine-Parked Motor Vehicle                        -47.772907545
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Parked Motor Vehicle           -11.209259156
## Sideswipe, same direction-Parked Motor Vehicle                10.487719701
## Pedestrian-Pedalcyclist                                       -1.864082498
## Ran off road - left-Pedalcyclist                              -2.964661705
## Ran off road - right-Pedalcyclist                             -2.805206695
## Ran off road - straight-Pedalcyclist                          -4.215289497
## Rear end, slow or stop-Pedalcyclist                           55.232430566
## Rear end, turn-Pedalcyclist                                   -1.817052973
## Right turn, different roadways-Pedalcyclist                   -0.901387523
## Right turn, same roadway-Pedalcyclist                         -1.230271319
## RR train, engine-Pedalcyclist                                -35.974884075
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Pedalcyclist                    -0.623489807
## Sideswipe, same direction-Pedalcyclist                        20.999170956
## Ran off road - left-Pedestrian                                -2.713060828
## Ran off road - right-Pedestrian                               -2.507356944
## Ran off road - straight-Pedestrian                            -4.195095998
## Rear end, slow or stop-Pedestrian                             55.614626161
## Rear end, turn-Pedestrian                                     -1.619799491
## Right turn, different roadways-Pedestrian                     -0.604941073
## Right turn, same roadway-Pedestrian                           -0.937094740
## RR train, engine-Pedestrian                                  -36.592957762
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Pedestrian                      -0.288144203
## Sideswipe, same direction-Pedestrian                          21.381021506
## Ran off road - right-Ran off road - left                      -1.548979933
## Ran off road - straight-Ran off road - left                   -3.204151310
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - left                    56.560476125
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - left                            -0.648318756
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - left             0.353631470
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - left                   0.021931904
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - left                         -35.550641889
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - left              0.664858368
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - left                 22.326926057
## Ran off road - straight-Ran off road - right                  -3.205693483
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - right                   56.625614363
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - right                           -0.621375852
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - right            0.399694985
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - right                  0.067319070
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - right                        -35.626210247
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - right             0.719242107
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - right                22.391981900
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - straight                56.308584099
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - straight                        -0.746329752
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - straight         0.172422125
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - straight              -0.156556954
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - straight                     -34.942984295
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - straight          0.451419916
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - straight             22.075315649
## Rear end, turn-Rear end, slow or stop                        -58.366907558
## Right turn, different roadways-Rear end, slow or stop        -57.308230110
## Right turn, same roadway-Rear end, slow or stop              -57.642008409
## RR train, engine-Rear end, slow or stop                      -93.535710485
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Rear end, slow or stop         -56.970915121
## Sideswipe, same direction-Rear end, slow or stop             -35.273780015
## Right turn, different roadways-Rear end, turn                 -1.062751401
## Right turn, same roadway-Rear end, turn                       -1.393723495
## RR train, engine-Rear end, turn                              -36.811852302
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Rear end, turn                  -0.760320249
## Sideswipe, same direction-Rear end, turn                      20.890883376
## Right turn, same roadway-Right turn, different roadways       -1.842433504
## RR train, engine-Right turn, different roadways              -37.532419904
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Right turn, different roadways  -1.190797252
## Sideswipe, same direction-Right turn, different roadways      20.481595546
## RR train, engine-Right turn, same roadway                    -37.209142184
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Right turn, same roadway        -0.876469209
## Sideswipe, same direction-Right turn, same roadway            20.795121147
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-RR train, engine               -33.298412875
## Sideswipe, same direction-RR train, engine                   -11.734256711
## Sideswipe, same direction-Sideswipe, opposite direction       20.380754689
##                                                                       upr
## Animal-Angle                                                 -15.58779440
## Backing up-Angle                                              -3.89631703
## Fixed object*-Angle                                          -12.41117142
## Head on-Angle                                                -13.70935538
## Jackknife-Angle                                              -10.44000428
## Left turn, different roadways-Angle                          -11.92337020
## Left turn, same roadway-Angle                                -10.41307831
## Moveable object*-Angle                                       -15.08134145
## Other collision with vehicle*-Angle                          -13.93369445
## Other non-collision*-Angle                                   -15.19673429
## Overturn/rollover-Angle                                      -15.10433305
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Angle                                    -3.63035127
## Pedalcyclist-Angle                                           -14.14211955
## Pedestrian-Angle                                             -14.52377742
## Ran off road - left-Angle                                    -15.46971244
## Ran off road - right-Angle                                   -15.53472229
## Ran off road - straight-Angle                                -15.21825931
## Rear end, slow or stop-Angle                                  42.13114917
## Rear end, turn-Angle                                         -14.03371557
## Right turn, different roadways-Angle                         -13.62433745
## Right turn, same roadway-Angle                               -13.93786655
## RR train, engine-Angle                                        18.59108007
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Angle                          -13.52345138
## Sideswipe, same direction-Angle                                7.89933239
## Backing up-Animal                                             13.54377311
## Fixed object*-Animal                                           5.02609230
## Head on-Animal                                                 3.65340729
## Jackknife-Animal                                               6.67758651
## Left turn, different roadways-Animal                           5.49846132
## Left turn, same roadway-Animal                                 7.01622469
## Moveable object*-Animal                                        2.30776438
## Other collision with vehicle*-Animal                           3.43265583
## Other non-collision*-Animal                                    2.10547244
## Overturn/rollover-Animal                                       2.23295209
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Animal                                   13.81062650
## Pedalcyclist-Animal                                            3.09593436
## Pedestrian-Animal                                              2.84694165
## Ran off road - left-Animal                                     1.88197837
## Ran off road - right-Animal                                    1.84540770
## Ran off road - straight-Animal                                 2.02355055
## Rear end, slow or stop-Animal                                 59.57250264
## Rear end, turn-Animal                                          3.28798104
## Right turn, different roadways-Animal                          3.75488387
## Right turn, same roadway-Animal                                3.43924931
## RR train, engine-Animal                                       35.64117880
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Animal                           3.88217651
## Sideswipe, same direction-Animal                              25.34040434
## Fixed object*-Backing up                                      -7.46589622
## Head on-Backing up                                            -8.76476328
## Jackknife-Backing up                                          -5.49714339
## Left turn, different roadways-Backing up                      -6.97824641
## Left turn, same roadway-Backing up                            -5.46788194
## Moveable object*-Backing up                                  -10.13652080
## Other collision with vehicle*-Backing up                      -8.98907196
## Other non-collision*-Backing up                              -10.25262525
## Overturn/rollover-Backing up                                 -10.15995072
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Backing up                                1.31496126
## Pedalcyclist-Backing up                                       -9.19847333
## Pedestrian-Backing up                                         -9.57911762
## Ran off road - left-Backing up                               -10.52521277
## Ran off road - right-Backing up                              -10.58998096
## Ran off road - straight-Backing up                           -10.27458708
## Rear end, slow or stop-Backing up                             47.07646550
## Rear end, turn-Backing up                                     -9.08945674
## Right turn, different roadways-Backing up                     -8.67960406
## Right turn, same roadway-Backing up                           -8.99315150
## RR train, engine-Backing up                                   23.53352488
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Backing up                      -8.57848056
## Sideswipe, same direction-Backing up                          12.84464587
## Head on-Fixed object*                                         -0.23196909
## Jackknife-Fixed object*                                        3.02966141
## Left turn, different roadways-Fixed object*                    1.55637087
## Left turn, same roadway-Fixed object*                          3.06698335
## Moveable object*-Fixed object*                                -1.60294170
## Other collision with vehicle*-Fixed object*                   -0.45617329
## Other non-collision*-Fixed object*                            -1.72149556
## Overturn/rollover-Fixed object*                               -1.62787845
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Fixed object*                             9.85022304
## Pedalcyclist-Fixed object*                                    -0.66894407
## Pedestrian-Fixed object*                                      -1.04609072
## Ran off road - left-Fixed object*                             -1.99273651
## Ran off road - right-Fixed object*                            -2.05667402
## Ran off road - straight-Fixed object*                         -1.74496778
## Rear end, slow or stop-Fixed object*                          55.61174022
## Rear end, turn-Fixed object*                                  -0.55781017
## Right turn, different roadways-Fixed object*                  -0.14632439
## Right turn, same roadway-Fixed object*                        -0.45993483
## RR train, engine-Fixed object*                                32.05888382
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Fixed object*                   -0.04438672
## Sideswipe, same direction-Fixed object*                       21.37991089
## Jackknife-Head on                                              4.71550881
## Left turn, different roadways-Head on                          3.48625009
## Left turn, same roadway-Head on                                5.00303353
## Moveable object*-Head on                                       0.30001433
## Other collision with vehicle*-Head on                          1.42816615
## Other non-collision*-Head on                                   0.11082966
## Overturn/rollover-Head on                                      0.23280807
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Head on                                  11.79593335
## Pedalcyclist-Head on                                           1.11200551
## Pedestrian-Head on                                             0.84181618
## Ran off road - left-Head on                                   -0.12034438
## Ran off road - right-Head on                                  -0.16107154
## Ran off road - straight-Head on                                0.03897337
## Rear end, slow or stop-Head on                                57.55776176
## Rear end, turn-Head on                                         1.29024818
## Right turn, different roadways-Head on                         1.74853439
## Right turn, same roadway-Head on                               1.43320129
## RR train, engine-Head on                                      33.69190563
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Head on                          1.87214004
## Sideswipe, same direction-Head on                             23.32569923
## Left turn, different roadways-Jackknife                        9.68406542
## Left turn, same roadway-Jackknife                             11.21780606
## Moveable object*-Jackknife                                     6.41501660
## Other collision with vehicle*-Jackknife                        7.47611096
## Other non-collision*-Jackknife                                 5.91321128
## Overturn/rollover-Jackknife                                    6.18124923
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Jackknife                                18.03590921
## Pedalcyclist-Jackknife                                         6.54019324
## Pedestrian-Jackknife                                           6.90331354
## Ran off road - left-Jackknife                                  5.87954295
## Ran off road - right-Jackknife                                 5.92850109
## Ran off road - straight-Jackknife                              5.49414669
## Rear end, slow or stop-Jackknife                              63.79852355
## Rear end, turn-Jackknife                                       7.17772162
## Right turn, different roadways-Jackknife                       7.83546078
## Right turn, same roadway-Jackknife                             7.51394393
## RR train, engine-Jackknife                                    35.67643900
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Jackknife                        8.03078250
## Sideswipe, same direction-Jackknife                           29.56587226
## Left turn, same roadway-Left turn, different roadways          2.69302399
## Moveable object*-Left turn, different roadways                -1.98388403
## Other collision with vehicle*-Left turn, different roadways   -0.84086671
## Other non-collision*-Left turn, different roadways            -2.11610481
## Overturn/rollover-Left turn, different roadways               -2.01717635
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Left turn, different roadways             9.47838614
## Pedalcyclist-Left turn, different roadways                    -1.07269713
## Pedestrian-Left turn, different roadways                      -1.43007442
## Ran off road - left-Left turn, different roadways             -2.37977707
## Ran off road - right-Left turn, different roadways            -2.43911224
## Ran off road - straight-Left turn, different roadways         -2.14820273
## Rear end, slow or stop-Left turn, different roadways          55.23997238
## Rear end, turn-Left turn, different roadways                  -0.94949937
## Right turn, different roadways-Left turn, different roadways  -0.52891284
## Right turn, same roadway-Left turn, different roadways        -0.84287055
## RR train, engine-Left turn, different roadways                31.63083032
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Left turn, different roadways   -0.42251699
## Sideswipe, same direction-Left turn, different roadways       21.00809130
## Moveable object*-Left turn, same roadway                      -3.54691342
## Other collision with vehicle*-Left turn, same roadway         -2.40207253
## Other non-collision*-Left turn, same roadway                  -3.67245533
## Overturn/rollover-Left turn, same roadway                     -3.57613345
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Left turn, same roadway                   7.91096552
## Pedalcyclist-Left turn, same roadway                          -2.62453353
## Pedestrian-Left turn, same roadway                            -2.99162587
## Ran off road - left-Left turn, same roadway                   -3.93983796
## Ran off road - right-Left turn, same roadway                  -4.00141536
## Ran off road - straight-Left turn, same roadway               -3.70029569
## Rear end, slow or stop-Left turn, same roadway                53.67251866
## Rear end, turn-Left turn, same roadway                        -2.50728450
## Right turn, different roadways-Left turn, same roadway        -2.09114296
## Right turn, same roadway-Left turn, same roadway              -2.40493185
## RR train, engine-Left turn, same roadway                      30.09109238
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Left turn, same roadway         -1.98690811
## Sideswipe, same direction-Left turn, same roadway             19.44066238
## Other collision with vehicle*-Moveable object*                 2.56507085
## Other non-collision*-Moveable object*                          1.26733517
## Overturn/rollover-Moveable object*                             1.37848409
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Moveable object*                         12.91133528
## Pedalcyclist-Moveable object*                                  2.28887866
## Pedestrian-Moveable object*                                    1.97741991
## Ran off road - left-Moveable object*                           1.02095971
## Ran off road - right-Moveable object*                          0.97174619
## Ran off road - straight-Moveable object*                       1.21463716
## Rear end, slow or stop-Moveable object*                       58.67305965
## Rear end, turn-Moveable object*                                2.44070603
## Right turn, different roadways-Moveable object*                2.88162013
## Right turn, same roadway-Moveable object*                      2.56690884
## RR train, engine-Moveable object*                             34.93085711
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Moveable object*                 2.99752825
## Sideswipe, same direction-Moveable object*                    24.44107507
## Other non-collision*-Other collision with vehicle*             0.30373125
## Overturn/rollover-Other collision with vehicle*                0.42418103
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Other collision with vehicle*            11.98316987
## Pedalcyclist-Other collision with vehicle*                     1.30783985
## Pedestrian-Other collision with vehicle*                       1.03178928
## Ran off road - left-Other collision with vehicle*              0.07041825
## Ran off road - right-Other collision with vehicle*             0.02851835
## Ran off road - straight-Other collision with vehicle*          0.23463169
## Rear end, slow or stop-Other collision with vehicle*          57.74498444
## Rear end, turn-Other collision with vehicle*                   1.48229323
## Right turn, different roadways-Other collision with vehicle*   1.93816106
## Right turn, same roadway-Other collision with vehicle*         1.62291338
## RR train, engine-Other collision with vehicle*                33.89697893
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Other collision with vehicle*    2.06071687
## Sideswipe, same direction-Other collision with vehicle*       23.51293227
## Overturn/rollover-Other non-collision*                         2.41224227
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Other non-collision*                     14.04581856
## Pedalcyclist-Other non-collision*                              3.20476551
## Pedestrian-Other non-collision*                                3.04616463
## Ran off road - left-Other non-collision*                       2.07008801
## Ran off road - right-Other non-collision*                      2.04990491
## Ran off road - straight-Other non-collision*                   2.13535534
## Rear end, slow or stop-Other non-collision*                   59.80786659
## Rear end, turn-Other non-collision*                            3.45732797
## Right turn, different roadways-Other non-collision*            3.95887816
## Right turn, same roadway-Other non-collision*                  3.64207312
## RR train, engine-Other non-collision*                         35.57736768
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Other non-collision*             4.10024169
## Sideswipe, same direction-Other non-collision*                25.57563952
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Overturn/rollover                        13.47734707
## Pedalcyclist-Overturn/rollover                                 2.73017120
## Pedestrian-Overturn/rollover                                   2.50392412
## Ran off road - left-Overturn/rollover                          1.53604113
## Ran off road - right-Overturn/rollover                         1.50378986
## Ran off road - straight-Overturn/rollover                      1.65850376
## Rear end, slow or stop-Overturn/rollover                      59.23927088
## Rear end, turn-Overturn/rollover                               2.93720068
## Right turn, different roadways-Overturn/rollover               3.41313216
## Right turn, same roadway-Overturn/rollover                     3.09718638
## RR train, engine-Overturn/rollover                            35.23594371
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Overturn/rollover                3.54420283
## Sideswipe, same direction-Overturn/rollover                   25.00713687
## Pedalcyclist-Parked Motor Vehicle                             -9.46900410
## Pedestrian-Parked Motor Vehicle                               -9.85073913
## Ran off road - left-Parked Motor Vehicle                     -10.79666195
## Ran off road - right-Parked Motor Vehicle                    -10.86169022
## Ran off road - straight-Parked Motor Vehicle                 -10.54514584
## Rear end, slow or stop-Parked Motor Vehicle                   46.80413739
## Rear end, turn-Parked Motor Vehicle                           -9.36064673
## Right turn, different roadways-Parked Motor Vehicle           -8.95130477
## Right turn, same roadway-Parked Motor Vehicle                 -9.26483246
## RR train, engine-Parked Motor Vehicle                         23.26428685
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Parked Motor Vehicle            -8.85043680
## Sideswipe, same direction-Parked Motor Vehicle                12.57232082
## Pedestrian-Pedalcyclist                                        3.21102993
## Ran off road - left-Pedalcyclist                               2.21913234
## Ran off road - right-Pedalcyclist                              2.22206033
## Ran off road - straight-Pedalcyclist                           2.15780594
## Rear end, slow or stop-Pedalcyclist                           60.01998175
## Rear end, turn-Pedalcyclist                                    3.57820633
## Right turn, different roadways-Pedalcyclist                    4.13034443
## Right turn, same roadway-Pedalcyclist                          3.81193058
## RR train, engine-Pedalcyclist                                 35.19299107
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Pedalcyclist                     4.29052153
## Sideswipe, same direction-Pedalcyclist                        25.78759725
## Ran off road - left-Pedestrian                                 0.62058403
## Ran off road - right-Pedestrian                                0.57726315
## Ran off road - straight-Pedestrian                             0.79066501
## Rear end, slow or stop-Pedestrian                             58.29083872
## Rear end, turn-Pedestrian                                      2.03400541
## Right turn, different roadways-Pedestrian                      2.48695055
## Right turn, same roadway-Pedestrian                            2.17180657
## RR train, engine-Pedestrian                                   34.46411733
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Pedestrian                       2.60822850
## Sideswipe, same direction-Pedestrian                          24.05879927
## Ran off road - right-Ran off road - left                       1.71136294
## Ran off road - straight-Ran off road - left                    1.89219712
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - left                    59.43746556
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - left                             3.15500148
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - left             3.62085480
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - left                   3.30525673
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - left                          35.51427825
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - left              3.74770273
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - left                 25.20537152
## Ran off road - straight-Ran off road - right                   1.73135629
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - right                   59.20994431
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - right                            2.96567557
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - right            3.41240828
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - right                  3.09748655
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - right                         35.42746360
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - right             3.53093598
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - right                24.97793267
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - straight                61.00131177
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - straight                         4.56496666
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - straight         5.11401834
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - straight               4.79569977
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - straight                      36.21857485
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - straight          5.27309537
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - straight             26.76893612
## Rear end, turn-Rear end, slow or stop                        -55.12435140
## Right turn, different roadways-Rear end, slow or stop        -54.71522530
## Right turn, same roadway-Rear end, slow or stop              -55.02874464
## RR train, engine-Rear end, slow or stop                      -22.49859483
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Rear end, slow or stop         -54.61446547
## Sideswipe, same direction-Rear end, slow or stop             -33.19186409
## Right turn, different roadways-Rear end, turn                  2.53055495
## Right turn, same roadway-Rear end, turn                        2.21422940
## RR train, engine-Rear end, turn                               34.26880594
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Rear end, turn                   2.66619862
## Sideswipe, same direction-Rear end, turn                      24.13473148
## Right turn, same roadway-Right turn, different roadways        1.19513586
## RR train, engine-Right turn, different roadways               33.52156999
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Right turn, different roadways   1.62887207
## Sideswipe, same direction-Right turn, different roadways      23.07621576
## RR train, engine-Right turn, same roadway                     33.84558992
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Right turn, same roadway         1.96184167
## Sideswipe, same direction-Right turn, same roadway            23.40998780
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-RR train, engine                37.74733761
## Sideswipe, same direction-RR train, engine                    59.30291793
## Sideswipe, same direction-Sideswipe, opposite direction       22.73898179
##                                                                  p adj
## Animal-Angle                                                 0.0000000
## Backing up-Angle                                             0.0000000
## Fixed object*-Angle                                          0.0000000
## Head on-Angle                                                0.0000000
## Jackknife-Angle                                              0.0000000
## Left turn, different roadways-Angle                          0.0000000
## Left turn, same roadway-Angle                                0.0000000
## Moveable object*-Angle                                       0.0000000
## Other collision with vehicle*-Angle                          0.0000000
## Other non-collision*-Angle                                   0.0000000
## Overturn/rollover-Angle                                      0.0000000
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Angle                                   0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Angle                                           0.0000000
## Pedestrian-Angle                                             0.0000000
## Ran off road - left-Angle                                    0.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Angle                                   0.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Angle                                0.0000000
## Rear end, slow or stop-Angle                                 0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Angle                                         0.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Angle                         0.0000000
## Right turn, same roadway-Angle                               0.0000000
## RR train, engine-Angle                                       0.9912899
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Angle                          0.0000000
## Sideswipe, same direction-Angle                              0.0000000
## Backing up-Animal                                            0.0000000
## Fixed object*-Animal                                         0.0000000
## Head on-Animal                                               0.0073747
## Jackknife-Animal                                             1.0000000
## Left turn, different roadways-Animal                         0.0000000
## Left turn, same roadway-Animal                               0.0000000
## Moveable object*-Animal                                      0.9973226
## Other collision with vehicle*-Animal                         0.0348157
## Other non-collision*-Animal                                  1.0000000
## Overturn/rollover-Animal                                     1.0000000
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Animal                                  0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Animal                                          1.0000000
## Pedestrian-Animal                                            0.6477210
## Ran off road - left-Animal                                   1.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Animal                                  1.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Animal                               1.0000000
## Rear end, slow or stop-Animal                                0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Animal                                        0.5810762
## Right turn, different roadways-Animal                        0.0006737
## Right turn, same roadway-Animal                              0.0163089
## RR train, engine-Animal                                      1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Animal                         0.0000107
## Sideswipe, same direction-Animal                             0.0000000
## Fixed object*-Backing up                                     0.0000000
## Head on-Backing up                                           0.0000000
## Jackknife-Backing up                                         0.0000000
## Left turn, different roadways-Backing up                     0.0000000
## Left turn, same roadway-Backing up                           0.0000000
## Moveable object*-Backing up                                  0.0000000
## Other collision with vehicle*-Backing up                     0.0000000
## Other non-collision*-Backing up                              0.0000000
## Overturn/rollover-Backing up                                 0.0000000
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Backing up                              0.9999998
## Pedalcyclist-Backing up                                      0.0000000
## Pedestrian-Backing up                                        0.0000000
## Ran off road - left-Backing up                               0.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Backing up                              0.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Backing up                           0.0000000
## Rear end, slow or stop-Backing up                            0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Backing up                                    0.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Backing up                    0.0000000
## Right turn, same roadway-Backing up                          0.0000000
## RR train, engine-Backing up                                  0.9999632
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Backing up                     0.0000000
## Sideswipe, same direction-Backing up                         0.0000000
## Head on-Fixed object*                                        0.0049352
## Jackknife-Fixed object*                                      0.9811880
## Left turn, different roadways-Fixed object*                  0.9996901
## Left turn, same roadway-Fixed object*                        0.0000000
## Moveable object*-Fixed object*                               0.0000000
## Other collision with vehicle*-Fixed object*                  0.0003054
## Other non-collision*-Fixed object*                           0.0000000
## Overturn/rollover-Fixed object*                              0.0000000
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Fixed object*                           0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Fixed object*                                   0.0007923
## Pedestrian-Fixed object*                                     0.0000000
## Ran off road - left-Fixed object*                            0.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Fixed object*                           0.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Fixed object*                        0.0000001
## Rear end, slow or stop-Fixed object*                         0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Fixed object*                                 0.0002572
## Right turn, different roadways-Fixed object*                 0.0112284
## Right turn, same roadway-Fixed object*                       0.0002271
## RR train, engine-Fixed object*                               1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Fixed object*                  0.0312524
## Sideswipe, same direction-Fixed object*                      0.0000000
## Jackknife-Head on                                            1.0000000
## Left turn, different roadways-Head on                        0.0000485
## Left turn, same roadway-Head on                              0.0000000
## Moveable object*-Head on                                     0.3457029
## Other collision with vehicle*-Head on                        1.0000000
## Other non-collision*-Head on                                 0.0957846
## Overturn/rollover-Head on                                    0.2049477
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Head on                                 0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Head on                                         0.9354763
## Pedestrian-Head on                                           0.9907031
## Ran off road - left-Head on                                  0.0199847
## Ran off road - right-Head on                                 0.0129136
## Ran off road - straight-Head on                              0.0602712
## Rear end, slow or stop-Head on                               0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Head on                                       0.9999943
## Right turn, different roadways-Head on                       1.0000000
## Right turn, same roadway-Head on                             1.0000000
## RR train, engine-Head on                                     1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Head on                        0.9999998
## Sideswipe, same direction-Head on                            0.0000000
## Left turn, different roadways-Jackknife                      0.9233614
## Left turn, same roadway-Jackknife                            0.2943252
## Moveable object*-Jackknife                                   1.0000000
## Other collision with vehicle*-Jackknife                      1.0000000
## Other non-collision*-Jackknife                               1.0000000
## Overturn/rollover-Jackknife                                  1.0000000
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Jackknife                               0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Jackknife                                       1.0000000
## Pedestrian-Jackknife                                         1.0000000
## Ran off road - left-Jackknife                                1.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Jackknife                               1.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Jackknife                            1.0000000
## Rear end, slow or stop-Jackknife                             0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Jackknife                                     1.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Jackknife                     0.9999996
## Right turn, same roadway-Jackknife                           1.0000000
## RR train, engine-Jackknife                                   1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Jackknife                      0.9999947
## Sideswipe, same direction-Jackknife                          0.0000000
## Left turn, same roadway-Left turn, different roadways        0.0003015
## Moveable object*-Left turn, different roadways               0.0000000
## Other collision with vehicle*-Left turn, different roadways  0.0000017
## Other non-collision*-Left turn, different roadways           0.0000000
## Overturn/rollover-Left turn, different roadways              0.0000000
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Left turn, different roadways           0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Left turn, different roadways                   0.0000385
## Pedestrian-Left turn, different roadways                     0.0000000
## Ran off road - left-Left turn, different roadways            0.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Left turn, different roadways           0.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Left turn, different roadways        0.0000000
## Rear end, slow or stop-Left turn, different roadways         0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Left turn, different roadways                 0.0000028
## Right turn, different roadways-Left turn, different roadways 0.0001050
## Right turn, same roadway-Left turn, different roadways       0.0000010
## RR train, engine-Left turn, different roadways               1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Left turn, different roadways  0.0002673
## Sideswipe, same direction-Left turn, different roadways      0.0000000
## Moveable object*-Left turn, same roadway                     0.0000000
## Other collision with vehicle*-Left turn, same roadway        0.0000000
## Other non-collision*-Left turn, same roadway                 0.0000000
## Overturn/rollover-Left turn, same roadway                    0.0000000
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Left turn, same roadway                 0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Left turn, same roadway                         0.0000000
## Pedestrian-Left turn, same roadway                           0.0000000
## Ran off road - left-Left turn, same roadway                  0.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Left turn, same roadway                 0.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Left turn, same roadway              0.0000000
## Rear end, slow or stop-Left turn, same roadway               0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Left turn, same roadway                       0.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Left turn, same roadway       0.0000000
## Right turn, same roadway-Left turn, same roadway             0.0000000
## RR train, engine-Left turn, same roadway                     1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Left turn, same roadway        0.0000000
## Sideswipe, same direction-Left turn, same roadway            0.0000000
## Other collision with vehicle*-Moveable object*               0.7067894
## Other non-collision*-Moveable object*                        0.9999751
## Overturn/rollover-Moveable object*                           1.0000000
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Moveable object*                        0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Moveable object*                                1.0000000
## Pedestrian-Moveable object*                                  0.9999915
## Ran off road - left-Moveable object*                         0.9998798
## Ran off road - right-Moveable object*                        0.9999630
## Ran off road - straight-Moveable object*                     0.9823832
## Rear end, slow or stop-Moveable object*                      0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Moveable object*                              0.9996571
## Right turn, different roadways-Moveable object*              0.0806894
## Right turn, same roadway-Moveable object*                    0.5463493
## RR train, engine-Moveable object*                            1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Moveable object*               0.0033381
## Sideswipe, same direction-Moveable object*                   0.0000000
## Other non-collision*-Other collision with vehicle*           0.2511684
## Overturn/rollover-Other collision with vehicle*              0.4763433
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Other collision with vehicle*           0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Other collision with vehicle*                   0.9884525
## Pedestrian-Other collision with vehicle*                     0.9999091
## Ran off road - left-Other collision with vehicle*            0.0817740
## Ran off road - right-Other collision with vehicle*           0.0622812
## Ran off road - straight-Other collision with vehicle*        0.1424875
## Rear end, slow or stop-Other collision with vehicle*         0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Other collision with vehicle*                 1.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Other collision with vehicle* 1.0000000
## Right turn, same roadway-Other collision with vehicle*       1.0000000
## RR train, engine-Other collision with vehicle*               1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Other collision with vehicle*  0.9992430
## Sideswipe, same direction-Other collision with vehicle*      0.0000000
## Overturn/rollover-Other non-collision*                       1.0000000
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Other non-collision*                    0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Other non-collision*                            1.0000000
## Pedestrian-Other non-collision*                              0.9404167
## Ran off road - left-Other non-collision*                     1.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Other non-collision*                    1.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Other non-collision*                 1.0000000
## Rear end, slow or stop-Other non-collision*                  0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Other non-collision*                          0.8798302
## Right turn, different roadways-Other non-collision*          0.0235537
## Right turn, same roadway-Other non-collision*                0.1720249
## RR train, engine-Other non-collision*                        1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Other non-collision*           0.0020582
## Sideswipe, same direction-Other non-collision*               0.0000000
## Parked Motor Vehicle-Overturn/rollover                       0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Overturn/rollover                               1.0000000
## Pedestrian-Overturn/rollover                                 0.9971853
## Ran off road - left-Overturn/rollover                        1.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Overturn/rollover                       1.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Overturn/rollover                    0.9998774
## Rear end, slow or stop-Overturn/rollover                     0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Overturn/rollover                             0.9860534
## Right turn, different roadways-Overturn/rollover             0.0508225
## Right turn, same roadway-Overturn/rollover                   0.3460819
## RR train, engine-Overturn/rollover                           1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Overturn/rollover              0.0035430
## Sideswipe, same direction-Overturn/rollover                  0.0000000
## Pedalcyclist-Parked Motor Vehicle                            0.0000000
## Pedestrian-Parked Motor Vehicle                              0.0000000
## Ran off road - left-Parked Motor Vehicle                     0.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Parked Motor Vehicle                    0.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Parked Motor Vehicle                 0.0000000
## Rear end, slow or stop-Parked Motor Vehicle                  0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Parked Motor Vehicle                          0.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Parked Motor Vehicle          0.0000000
## Right turn, same roadway-Parked Motor Vehicle                0.0000000
## RR train, engine-Parked Motor Vehicle                        0.9999452
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Parked Motor Vehicle           0.0000000
## Sideswipe, same direction-Parked Motor Vehicle               0.0000000
## Pedestrian-Pedalcyclist                                      0.9999996
## Ran off road - left-Pedalcyclist                             1.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Pedalcyclist                            1.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Pedalcyclist                         0.9999836
## Rear end, slow or stop-Pedalcyclist                          0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Pedalcyclist                                  0.9999799
## Right turn, different roadways-Pedalcyclist                  0.8032361
## Right turn, same roadway-Pedalcyclist                        0.9784656
## RR train, engine-Pedalcyclist                                1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Pedalcyclist                   0.5124844
## Sideswipe, same direction-Pedalcyclist                       0.0000000
## Ran off road - left-Pedestrian                               0.8342583
## Ran off road - right-Pedestrian                              0.8383812
## Ran off road - straight-Pedestrian                           0.6979770
## Rear end, slow or stop-Pedestrian                            0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Pedestrian                                    1.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Pedestrian                    0.8715591
## Right turn, same roadway-Pedestrian                          0.9994036
## RR train, engine-Pedestrian                                  1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Pedestrian                     0.3577325
## Sideswipe, same direction-Pedestrian                         0.0000000
## Ran off road - right-Ran off road - left                     1.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Ran off road - left                  0.9999998
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - left                   0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - left                           0.7611587
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - left           0.0022497
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - left                 0.0423874
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - left                         1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - left            0.0000475
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - left                0.0000000
## Ran off road - straight-Ran off road - right                 0.9999962
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - right                  0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - right                          0.7749855
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - right          0.0009965
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - right                0.0284564
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - right                        1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - right           0.0000094
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - right               0.0000000
## Rear end, slow or stop-Ran off road - straight               0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Ran off road - straight                       0.5936090
## Right turn, different roadways-Ran off road - straight       0.0202651
## Right turn, same roadway-Ran off road - straight             0.1036444
## RR train, engine-Ran off road - straight                     1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Ran off road - straight        0.0035927
## Sideswipe, same direction-Ran off road - straight            0.0000000
## Rear end, turn-Rear end, slow or stop                        0.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Rear end, slow or stop        0.0000000
## Right turn, same roadway-Rear end, slow or stop              0.0000000
## RR train, engine-Rear end, slow or stop                      0.0000007
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Rear end, slow or stop         0.0000000
## Sideswipe, same direction-Rear end, slow or stop             0.0000000
## Right turn, different roadways-Rear end, turn                0.9990682
## Right turn, same roadway-Rear end, turn                      1.0000000
## RR train, engine-Rear end, turn                              1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Rear end, turn                 0.9455419
## Sideswipe, same direction-Rear end, turn                     0.0000000
## Right turn, same roadway-Right turn, different roadways      1.0000000
## RR train, engine-Right turn, different roadways              1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Right turn, different roadways 1.0000000
## Sideswipe, same direction-Right turn, different roadways     0.0000000
## RR train, engine-Right turn, same roadway                    1.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-Right turn, same roadway       0.9996784
## Sideswipe, same direction-Right turn, same roadway           0.0000000
## Sideswipe, opposite direction-RR train, engine               1.0000000
## Sideswipe, same direction-RR train, engine                   0.7338009
## Sideswipe, same direction-Sideswipe, opposite direction      0.0000000

##Statistical Analyses Using t Test

Is there a significant difference between the amount of crashes in rain v. no rain?

crashes_rain = crashes %>%
  filter(WeatherCondition1 != "Unknown", WeatherCondition1 != "NA", 
         WeatherCondition1 != "") %>%
  mutate(WeatherCondition1 = case_when(
    WeatherCondition1 == "Rain" ~ "Rain", 
    TRUE ~ "Not Rain")) %>%
  group_by(key_crash,WeatherCondition1) %>%
  summarize(count = length(key_crash))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'key_crash'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
crashes_rain <- mutate(crashes_rain, rain = WeatherCondition1 == "Rain")

t.test(count ~ rain, data = crashes_rain)
## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  count by rain
## t = 6.5926, df = 19135, p-value = 4.434e-11
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  0.06057022 0.11182639
## sample estimates:
## mean in group FALSE  mean in group TRUE 
##            2.553820            2.467622
crashes_rain %>%
  ggplot(aes(fill=WeatherCondition1, x=WeatherCondition1)) + 
  geom_bar(show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_text(stat="count", aes(x=WeatherCondition1, label=..count..), vjust=-0.25)